No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Echocardiography*

No abstract available.
Bacteria* ; Ulsan*

No abstract available.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay*

No abstract available.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay*

No abstract available.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay*

No abstract available.
Head* ; Neck*

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with mild clinical symptoms at a single hospital in South Korea. Materials and Methods: CT scans of 87 COVID-19 patients [43 men and 44 women; median age:41 years (interquartile range: 26.1–51.0 years)] with mild clinical symptoms (fever < 38℃ and no dyspnea) were evaluated. Results: CT findings were normal in 39 (44.8%) and abnormal in 48 (55.2%) patients. Among the 48 patients with lung opacities, 17 (35.4%) had unilateral disease and 31 (64.6%) had bilateral disease. One (2.1%) patient showed subpleural distribution, 9 (18.8%) showed peribronchovascular distribution, and 38 (79.2%) showed subpleural and peribronchovascular distributions.Twenty-two (45.8%) patients had pure ground-glass opacities (GGOs) with no consolidation, 17 (35.4%) had mixed opacities dominated by GGOs, and 9 (18.8%) had mixed opacities dominated by consolidation. No patients demonstrated consolidation without GGOs. Conclusion The most common CT finding of COVID-19 in patients with mild clinical symptoms was bilateral multiple GGO-dominant lesions with subpleural and peribronchovascular distribution and lower lung predilection. The initial chest CT of almost half of COVID-19 patients with mild clinical symptoms showed no lung parenchymal lesions. Compared to relatively severe cases, mild cases were more likely to manifest as unilateral disease with pure GGOs or GGOdominant mixed opacities and less likely to show air bronchogram.

BACKGROUND: The currently available ldegrees Cal anesthetics have limitations in action duration. The duration ranges from 3 to 8 hours. Long acting anesthetic agents are particularly desirable to manage postoperative pain, relieve severe pain assdegrees Ciated with terminal cancer, and for nerve bldegrees Cks carried out in pain clinics. In this paper mixture of ldegrees Cal anesthetics was formulated into cylindrical pellet using biodegradable polymer and its efficacy and safety was evaluated. METHODS: Pellets were prepared by modified melting prdegrees Cess with biodegradable polyester 30 wt%, bupivacaine 35 wt%, liddegrees Caine 35 wt% and dexamethasone 0.05 wt% of polymer and drug. In vitro release kinetics of ldegrees Cal anesthetics from pellet were determined in PBS at pH 7.4, 37degrees C, and the released ldegrees Cal anesthetics were analyzed by HPLC. Nine male Sprague Dawley weighing 300~350 gm were implanted with pellets along the sciatic nerve and the sensory bldegrees Ckade was assessed by an analgesiometer. The duration data were analyzed by paired t-test using SAS 6.11. RESULTS: Ldegrees Cal anesthetics were released in a controlled manner in vitro. In general, 40~50% of the drug released for the first day, and thereafter approximately 5% released daily. Sensory bldegrees Ckade lasted to beyond 2 days at the dose of 7 mg/100 g bupivacaine and liddegrees Caine respectively. All of the animals exhibited no systemic toxicity and complete recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the mixture pellet demonstrated efficient and safe in prolongation of sensory bldegrees Ckade for significant period of time. The mechanisms underlying the mixture effect are under investigation.
Anesthetics* ; Animals ; Bupivacaine ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dexamethasone ; Freezing ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Male ; Pain Clinics ; Pain, Postoperative ; Polyesters ; Polymers* ; Sciatic Nerve

No abstract available.
Glycopeptides*

BACKGROUND: Intravenous injection of rocuronium produces intense discomfort at the site of injection in conscious patients. We compared the efficacy of normal saline, and of lidocaine 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, and 40 mg pretreatment at preventing pain caused by injecting rocuronium. METHODS: 250 ASA physical status Iand II patients, aged 18 to 70 years, were randomized into 5 groups of 50 patients in a double blinded prospective study. After tourniquet application on the forearm, the control group received 2 ml of normal saline as a pretreatment. The other 4 groups received lidocaine 10 mg (Lido10 group), lidocaine 20 mg (Lido20 group), lidocaine 30 mg (Lido30 group), or lidocaine 40 mg (Lido40 group) as a pretreatment in a 2 ml solution. The tourniquet was released after 20 seconds and rocuronium was injected over 10 seconds. The patients were then observed and asked if they had pain in, and responses were assessed. Local signs (i.e. erythema, venous sequelae) on the arm where the rocuronium had been injected were recorded immediately after the injection and 12 h later, after recovery from anesthesia. RESULTS: 44 patients (88%) in the control group, 35 (70%) in the Lido10 group, 32 (64%) in the Lido20 group, 23 (46%) in the Lido30 group, and 16 (32%) in the Lido40 group reported pain. The medial pain score was 1.92 +/- 1.04 in the control group, 1.12 +/- 0.96 in the Lido10 group, 0.92 +/- 0.85 in the Lido20 group, 0.52 +/- 0.61 in the Lido30 group, and 0.34 +/- 0.48 in the Lido40 group. Moderate to severe pain was observed in 33 patients (66%) in the control group, 16 (32%) in the Lido10 group, 12 (24%) in the Lido20 group, 3 (6%) in the Lido30 group, and none (0%) in the Lido40 group. No local signs were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreating with lidocaine at 10, 20, 30 or 40 mg reduced the incidence and severity of pain on injecting rocuronium, and the higher dose was more effective.
Anesthesia ; Arm ; Erythema ; Forearm ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intravenous ; Lidocaine* ; Prospective Studies ; Tourniquets