No abstract available.
Hand*

No abstract available.
Scalp* ; Superficial Back Muscles*

Purpose: To develop a Korean version of the practice environment scale that can verify the practice environment of advanced practice registered nurses (APRN) by verifying the validity and reliability of the Nurse practitioner's primary care organizational climate questionnaire developed by Poghosyan et al. Methods: After translation using a committee approach and an expert group’s verification of the content validity, items were classified as 'professional visibility', 'APRN-administration relations', 'APRN-physician relations', 'independent practice and support' A total of 29 questionnaire items were developed for the four factors. Data were collected from 200 advanced practice registered nurses working at two advanced general hospitals and six general hospitals. Results: In the confirmatory factor analysis, CFI, TLI, and RMSR evaluation indices were appropriate except for RMSEA. Partial validity was shown in convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the questions were well organized with four factors. Cronbach's ⍺ of the whole instrument was .93. Conclusion As a first attempt to measure the practice environment of the APRN in Korea, the results show that this questionnaire provides basic data for correct role setting and improvement of practice environment. This research will ultimately serve as a basis for cost-effective quality care.

The ankle is one of the most common site of ligamentous injury. The incidence of the injury is increasing in these days, probably due to prevailing leisure and sports. Lateral collateral ligament is more susceptible to injury than medial because of anatomical and biomechanical difference. There was a tendency to treat the ankle ligamentous injury with conservative method, but because of the problem of chronic and recurrent ankle instability and injury, operative method is necessary in certain patients. We have experienced of 14 cases of surgical treatment of the lateral ligaments, excluding the associated fracture, from March 1983 to February 1986, in Koryo General Hospital. Among 14 cases, the acute injury, which were treated with primary repair, were 9 cases and the chronic cases, which with modified Watson-Jones method, were 5. The average follow up period was 1 year and 2 months. The results are as follows : 1. The male and female ratio, was 9 to 5 and peak incidence was 3rd and 4th decade. 2. The cause of injury was mainly slip down (9 cases) and sports injury(4 cases). 3. There was no correlation between the degree of the ligament rupture and talar tilt. 4. When the talar tilt is above 10, it may cause ankle instability. 5. The clinical results are both satisfactory in acute and chronic cases, but in chronic cases, some degenerative changes began to appear in 2 cases. 6. C.P.M.(Continuous Passive Motion) and Air Cast have much advantages in postoperative care.
Ankle ; Clinical Study ; Collateral Ligaments ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Leisure Activities ; Ligaments ; Male ; Methods ; Postoperative Care ; Rupture ; Sports

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

Diabetes mellitus is known to be associated with a specific cardiomyopathy. This is evident from the clinical-pathological work and the epidemiologic data. An investigation was made in this study to determine whether diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats is associated with an alteration of biochemical characteristics of cardiac contractile proteins. Rats were made diabetic with intravenous injection of streptozotocin and hearts removed 8 weeks later for the isolation of myofibrils. The basal ATPase activity of myofibrils from diabetic hearts was significantly lower than that of the controls, suggesting the presence of some subtle structural and conformational changes in diabetic myofibrils. The activating effect of Mg ions on the myofibrillar actomyosin system of rat heart muscle was also demonstrated. Sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis showed the presence of myosin heavy chain, light chain 1 and 2, actin and troponin but failed to reveal differences in the patterns of these contractile proteins of light subunits between diabetics and controls. The deficiency in utilization of energy rich phosphates by the myofibrillar protein may be one of of the main mechanisms of cardiodepression observed in diabetic hearts. The cardiac myofibrillar ATPase activity may be one of useful measurements in evaluating pathophysiological states of cardiac contractile proteins.
Actins ; Actomyosin ; Adenosine Triphosphatases* ; Animals ; Cardiomyopathies ; Contractile Proteins ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies ; Electrophoresis ; Heart ; Injections, Intravenous ; Ions ; Myocardium ; Myofibrils ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; Phosphates ; Rats* ; Sodium ; Streptozocin ; Troponin

No abstract available.
Tongue*

OBJECTIVE: Currently, preparation for childbirth is becoming an increasingly popular addition to patient education. Because of this interest, it seems advisable to review the evidence on the effect of prepared childbirth. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Lamaze preparation on labor and delivery. METHODS: To investigate whether prepared-childbirth courses offer measurable physical advantages, we compared the labor and delivery characteristics of 80 primiparas who had taken Lamaze-training classes with 76 control patients who had not. We reviewed retrospectively obstetrical records of 156 pregnant women delivered in Ewha Womans University MokDong Hospital from January to December, 1997. RESULT: The length of the first stage of labor in the group that attended childbirth preparation classes was 5.70 hours and 6.93 hours in the comparison group. This difference was statistically significant (P= .040). The mean duration of the second stage of labor in attenders was 42.43 minutes and 41.16 minutes in the nonattenders(P= .719). Average duration of labor in attenders was 1.07 hours shorter than in nonattenders (P= .075). The cesarean section rate in attenders was 25% compared with 36.8% in nonattenders (P= .10920). CONCLUSION: No statistical significance was found in this study. However we need to be aware that the length of first stage of labor was shorter and the rate of cesarean section was lower in prepared group. Childbirth education should be integrated into prenatal health care to be readily available for all women.
Cesarean Section ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Humans ; Parturition ; Patient Education as Topic ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Education ; Retrospective Studies

The purpose of this study was to develop the CORE Program for sex offenders and to determine its effectiveness. The CORE Program was designed with an aim to achieve cognitive restructuring, improve the ability to empathize in interpersonal relationships, and enhance self-esteem and intimacy. We conducted this program over 48 sessions for 28 sex offenders. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated using the Interpersonal Responsiveness Index (IRI), Self-esteem Questionnaire (SEQ), UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLALS), Coping Using Sex Inventory (CUSI), Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (RMAS), and Wilson's Sex Fantasy Questionnaire (WSFQ). The data were analyzed using paired t-tests. Our results showed no significant changes in the SEQ, UCLALS, and IRI scores after the treatment program. However, the scores for the CUSI, RMAS, and WSFQ significantly improved after this program. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the CORE Program for sex offenders. We also discuss the limitations of our study and provide suggestions for future research. Our findings indicate that this treatment program should be provided to sex offenders for preventing recidivism.
Criminals ; Fantasy ; Humans ; Loneliness ; Paraphilic Disorders ; Rape ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: A number of drugs are capable of changing body weight as a side effect. A number of neurotransmitter systems acting in several hypothalamic nuclei are pivotal to the storage regulation of body fat. Leptin is a protein encoded by the ob gene that is expressed in adipocyte. It regulates eating behavior by activating the action to the satiety center in the hypothalmus. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of serum leptin in children with epilepsy. METHODS: Serum leptin levels were measured in 43 epileptic patients (30 males, 13 females) receiving valproate or carbamazepine by radioimmunoassay. Thirty patients (19 males, 11 females, 10.0+/-5.0 years of age) were treated with valproate (VPA group) and 13 patients (11 males, 2 females, 9.1+/-4.0 years of age) were treated with carbamazepine (CBZ group). Obesity index and body mass index were calculated before and during anticonvulsant medications. RESULTS: 1) Body mass indices were significantly increased after VPA or CBZ medication; from 17.24+/-2.74 to 18.47+/-2.60 in VPA group, from 16.77+/-1.69 to 17.43+/-3.01 in CBZ group. 2) Obesity indices were increased without statistical significance after medication in both group. 3) Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in VPA group (4.54+/-4.77ng/ml) than CBZ group (2.47+/-2.26ng/ml). CONCLUSION: Body weight gain after VPA medication in susceptible individual might be related to a certain mechanism that elevates serum leptin level.
Adipocytes ; Adipose Tissue ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Carbamazepine ; Child* ; Epilepsy ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Leptin* ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Obesity ; Radioimmunoassay ; Valproic Acid ; Weight Gain