No abstract available.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome*

PURPOSE: To evaluate diagnostic usefulness of ultrasonography(US) in pediatric patient with urinary tract infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five children with urinary tract infection underwent renal ultrasonography and voiding cystourethrography(VCUG). The imaging findings were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Renal sonograms were normal in 34 of 55 children(62%). Five of 34 patients with normal sonogram had vesicoureteral reflux of grade I to III on VCUG. Renal sonograms were abnormal in 21 of 55 children(38%). Sonographic findings included hydronephrosis, hyperechoic kidney, nephromegaly, atrophic kidney, renal abscess, and duplex ureter. Eleven of 21 patient with abnormal SOhogram had vesicoureteral reflux of grade I to IV on VCUG. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography is an useful and reliable initial screening examination in the investigation of children with UTI. Unfortunately US is neither sufficiently sensitive nor specific for detecting VUR. VCUG provides confirmative and valuable information about vesicoureteral reflux, and VCUG should be considered as a next modality for UTI. The combined use of sonography and VCUG provides more valuable information in urinary tract infection.
Abscess ; Child* ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Mass Screening ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography* ; Ureter ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

PURPOSE: To evaluate criteria for differentiating benign versus malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) by analyzing their morphology and perinodular parenchymal changes on CT/HRCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT/HRCT in 99 patients with SPN. Sixty two cases were proved by surgery, PCNA, clinical follow up and etc. Thirty seven cases were diagnosed by typical benign calcification. We defined SPN as a discrete, single lesion in the lung with margins that are sharp enough to permit measurement of diameter. We excluded lesions more than 4cm in diameter and lesions with cavity from our study protocol. The study included 41 malignant nodules and 58 benign nodules. RESULTS: Mean diameter of malignant nodule was 2.9cm, benign nodule was 2.2cm. Peripheral location of nodule was 28 in malignant nodules, 50 in benign nodules. Typical benign calcification was observed in 37 tuberculoma and three hamartoma. Lobulated margin was noted in 32 malignant nodules and 14 benign nodules. Spiculated margin was observed in 17 malignant nodules and 20 benign nodules. Low attenuation within the nodule was observed in 14 malignant nodules and 12 benign nodules. Pleural tail was observed in 14 malignant nodules and 31 benign nodules. Air bronchogram was noted in 18 malignant nodules and 4 benign nodules. Juxta nodular tuberculosis was observed in 6 malignant nodules and 29 benign nodules. CONCLUSION: Malignant nodules were larger than benign nodules and more commonly demonstrated a Iobulated contour and air bronchogram (p<0.05). Benign nodules more commonly demonstrated low density in the nodule and associated with juxta nodular tuberculosis and peripheral location (p<0.05). Spiculated margin and pleural tail were not helpful to differentiate benign from malignant nodule.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Lung ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule* ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate criteria for differentiating benign versus malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) by analyzing their morphology and perinodular parenchymal changes on CT/HRCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT/HRCT in 99 patients with SPN. Sixty two cases were proved by surgery, PCNA, clinical follow up and etc. Thirty seven cases were diagnosed by typical benign calcification. We defined SPN as a discrete, single lesion in the lung with margins that are sharp enough to permit measurement of diameter. We excluded lesions more than 4cm in diameter and lesions with cavity from our study protocol. The study included 41 malignant nodules and 58 benign nodules. RESULTS: Mean diameter of malignant nodule was 2.9cm, benign nodule was 2.2cm. Peripheral location of nodule was 28 in malignant nodules, 50 in benign nodules. Typical benign calcification was observed in 37 tuberculoma and three hamartoma. Lobulated margin was noted in 32 malignant nodules and 14 benign nodules. Spiculated margin was observed in 17 malignant nodules and 20 benign nodules. Low attenuation within the nodule was observed in 14 malignant nodules and 12 benign nodules. Pleural tail was observed in 14 malignant nodules and 31 benign nodules. Air bronchogram was noted in 18 malignant nodules and 4 benign nodules. Juxta nodular tuberculosis was observed in 6 malignant nodules and 29 benign nodules. CONCLUSION: Malignant nodules were larger than benign nodules and more commonly demonstrated a Iobulated contour and air bronchogram (p<0.05). Benign nodules more commonly demonstrated low density in the nodule and associated with juxta nodular tuberculosis and peripheral location (p<0.05). Spiculated margin and pleural tail were not helpful to differentiate benign from malignant nodule.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Lung ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule* ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis

Tetanus is a rare disease in the developed countries, including Korea, as a result of nearly universal active immunization. Because many physicians have little experience with its diagnosis and management, misdiagnosis and therapeutic delay may result in catastrophic consequences. We report one case of generalized tetanus. A previously healthy 35-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department because of stiffness on jaw and neck. board-like abdomen, extended and rigid both legs, chest tightness, and dyspnea. Seven days before admission, he was injured on the right thing at work. In the emergency department, he was given 5,000 units of human tetanus immunoglobulin intramuscularly, as well as diazepam 2 mg/hr intravenously. On the second hospital day, tracheostomy was performed. Ten days later, his condition was improved. Twenty eight days after admission, he was discharged without any complication.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Developed Countries ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Diazepam ; Dyspnea ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Jaw ; Korea ; Leg ; Neck ; Rare Diseases ; Tetanus* ; Thorax ; Tracheostomy ; Vaccination

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ketorolac, paracetamol, and paracetamol plus morphine on pain relief after thyroidectomy. METHODS: Eighty patients were randomly allocated to one of the 4 groups: normal saline (group C), ketorolac 30 mg (group K), paracetamol 1 g (group P), and paracetamol 700 mg plus morphine 3 mg (group PM). Each regimen was administered intravenously (IV) 30 min. before the end of surgery. If pain was not relieved, patients received an IV bolus of pethidine hydrochloride 25 mg. Pain intensity using a visual analogue scale (VAS) was recorded at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hr after the end of surgery. RESULTS: VAS at 0.5 and 1 hr after the end of surgery were significantly lower in group K, group P, and group PM than in group C (P < 0.05). The number of patients receiving pethidine hydrochloride at 0.5 and 1 hr after the end of surgery was significantly lower in group K, group P, and group PM than in group C (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference among the groups in the incidences of adverse events associated with study medications and patient satisfaction (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Paracetamol 1 g IV possesses a similar analgesic efficacy to ketorolac 30 mg IV after thyroidectomy. Paracetamol may represent an alternative to ketorolac for pain prevention after mildly to moderately painful surgery in situations where the use of NSAIDs is unsuitable.
Acetaminophen ; Analgesics ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ketorolac ; Meperidine ; Morphine ; Patient Satisfaction ; Thyroidectomy

Clinical history and dermatological examinations were performed in 51 patients with contact dermatitis due to metal working fluid who were working at the metal industry. Patch tests were also performed with standard series and oil cooling fluid series. Chronic lichenified eczema such as lichenified and fissured was the most common clinical type(45.1%). 19 patients had positive reaction to either one or more of the standard series and oil & cooling fluid series. We found ammoniated mercury chloride was the most common sensitizer in standard series, followed by potassium dichromate, 4-phenylendiamine dihydrochloride, cobalt chloride, nickel sulfate, quinoline mix and cabra mix. Microbiocide was the most common allergen(4 of 6 positive result in oil & cooling fluid series.
Cobalt ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Eczema ; Humans ; Nickel ; Patch Tests ; Potassium Dichromate

We report two cases of extramammary Paget's disease associated with ad enocarcinoma with metascases. Histologically, Iaget cells in the epidermis and the hair follicles and adenocarcinoma in the der mis was observed in both cases. Of special interest was the demonstration of Eaget cells extending from the involved epidermis to the underlying dermis in case 2, There were metastatic lesioris of 3rd lumbar vertebra in case 1 and of the liver and lymph nodes in rase 2.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Hair Follicle ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Paget Disease, Extramammary* ; Spine

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Nephroma, Mesoblastic* ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal*

PURPOSE: Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) exists in the human population in two genetic forms, usually referred to as type 1 and type 2 which have been defined on the basis of sequence divergence in the EBNA-2 and EBNA-3 family genes. In this study, we were intended to investigate whether the subtypes of EBV in malignant lymphoma in Korea were associated with specific disease entities and geographical distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsy samples obtained from 18 Korean patients with malignant lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease(3 cases), B cell lymphoma(1 case), and NK/T cell lymphoma(14 cases) were analyzed to determine the subtype of EBV infected therein. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embeded tissues by ordinary method and specific viral sequences were sought using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and Southern blot hybridization assay. Oligonucleotide primers used for examination of EBV strain type were derived from the EBNA-3B and EBNA-3C coding regions. As a control, four cases of reactive hyperplasia were analyzed. RESULTS: The two of four reactive hyperplasia cases were associated with type 1 and the rest of two cases with both types. Among the 18 cases with malignant lymphoma, thirteen cases(72%) had type 1, one(6%) had type 2, and four(22%) had dual infections with both types. In case of NK/T cell lymphoma(14 cases) occupying 78% of 18 biopsy samples, 86%(12 cases) were associated with type 1, 7%(1 case) with type 2, and 7%(1 case) with both types. In case of Hodgkin's disease, all of three cases had both types. B cell lymphoma taking only one case of twenty two cases was determined as type 1. CONCLUSION: These observations indicated that type 1 EBV was predominant in Korean patients with malignant lymphoma, especially NK/T cell lymphoma and showed high frequency of dual viral infections(22%) in Hodgkin's disease as well as in reactive hyperplasia.
Biopsy ; Blotting, Southern ; Clinical Coding ; DNA ; DNA Primers ; Genotype ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Korea* ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell