Although there are many reports on the splenic (systemic) T cell response after Toxoplasma gondii infection, little information is available regarding the local T cell responses of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and gut intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) following peroral infection with bradyzoites. Mice were infected with 40 cysts of the 76K strain of T. gondii, and then sacrificed at days 0, 1, 4, 7 and 10 postinfection (PI). The cellular composition and T cell responses of PEC and IEL were analyzed. The total number of PEC and IEL per mouse increased after infection, but the ratio of increase was higher in IEL. Lymphocytes were the major component of both PEC and IEL. The relative percentages of PEC macrophages and neutrophils/eosinophils increased significantly at day 1 and 4 PI, whereas those of IEL did not change significantly. The percentage of PEC NK1.1 and gamma delta T cells peaked at day 4 PI (p < 0.0001), and CD4 and CD8 alpha T cells increased continuously after infection. The percentages of IEL CD8 alpha and gamma delta T cells decreased slightly at first, and then increased. CD4 and NK1.1 T cells of IEL did not change significantly after infection. IFN-gamma-producing PEC NK1.1 T cells increased significantly from day 1 PI, but the other T cell subsets produced IFN-gamma abundantly thereafter. The proportion of IEL IFN-gamma-producing CD8 alpha and gamma delta T cells increased significantly after infection, while IEL NK1.1 T cells had similar IFN-gamma production patterns. Taken together, CD4 T cells were the major phenotype and the important IFN-gamma-producing T cell subsets in PEC after oral infection with T. gondii, whereas CD8 alpha T cells had these roles in IEL. These results suggest that PEC and IEL comprise different cell differentials and T cell responses, and according to infection route these factors may contribute to the different cellular immune responses.
Acute Disease ; Animals ; Ascitic Fluid/cytology/*metabolism ; Female ; Interferon Type II/*biosynthesis ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology ; Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Toxoplasmosis/*immunology

PURPOSE: Chronic lung disease is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Although the exact mechanisms leading to the development of chronic lung disease are unknown, there is increasing evidence indicating that pulmonary inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis. The proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin(IL)-1beta, IL-8 may have a role to play in initiating the inflammatory response that is seen in chronic lung disease. In contrast, IL-10 is an antiinflammatory cytokine. The abnormal persistent inflammatory process in chronic lung disease may be due to dysregulation of these proinflammatory cytokines. So, to describe cytokine profiles of chronic lung disease in neonate, we analysed the IL-1beta, IL-8 and IL-10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by ELISA technique. METHODS: We obtained bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 14 respiratory distress syndrome infants without chronic lung disease and 8 respiratory distress syndrome infants with chronic lungisease. The cytokine levels were assayed. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) IL-1beta levels were higher in chronic lung disease group(205.16+/-360.21pg/rnl) than group without chronic lung disease(21.21+/-26.14pg/ml)(P<0.05). 2) IL-8 levels were also higher in chronic lung disease group(166.16+/-347.26pg/ml) than group without chronic lung disease(49.85+/-105.27pg/ml)(P>0.05). 3) In contrast, IL-10 levels were lower in chronic lung disease group(78.29+/-138.69pg/ml) than group without chronic lung disease(111.29+/-155.27pg/ml)(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the dysregulation of cytokines contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease. The difference in cytokine levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid can be used as a predictor for development of chronic lung disease.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Cytokines* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-8 ; Lung Diseases* ; Lung* ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn

No abstract available.
Mortality*

Pseudo-Bartter syndrome is a rare medical disease of the kidney characterized by normal blood pressure, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronism with drug history of diuretics. We report US, CT and MRI findings of a patient with clinically proved pseudo-Bartter syndrome. The patient was a 37-year-old woman with a history of long term ingestion of the diuretics(furosemide) for 20 years. Renal US revealed hyperechoic renal medulla at both kidneys. The resistive index(RI), calculated from the duplex doppler waveform is 0.61. Unenhanced CT revealed faint high attenuation along the medulla. Tl-weighted MRI revealed indistinct corticomedullary differentiation.
Adult ; Alkalosis ; Blood Pressure ; Diuretics ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Kidney ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

This study was performed to observe the therapeutic effects of interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) and gamma-globulin(gamma-globulin) in experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia of immune suppressed mice. After 9 weeks, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMZ; 10-50 mg/mouse/day), mouse IFN-gamma(5 x 10(4) units/mouse/day) and mouse gamma-globulin(20 mg/mouse/day) were administered to the mice for 3 weeks by the experimental group. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by body weights, histopathologic and electron microscopic findings of the lungs, and number of P. carinii cysts by Gomori's methenamine silver stain. Body weights of the mice were significantly increased in the group of combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with IFN-gamma or gamma-globulin, and in the group of TMP-SMZ treatment (p < 0.05), however, little effect was found in the group of gamma-globulin alone. Histopathologic findings of P. carinii pneumonia were much improved in the group of combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with IFN-gamma. Treatment with either TMP-SMZ or IFN-gamma significantly reduced the number of cysts in the P. carinii pneumonia, but gamma-globulin alone was ineffective. In electron microscopic findings of P. carinii pneumonia, the number of trophozoites and cysts were reduced by treatment with either TMP-SMZ or IFN-gamma, and most of the cysts were empty or containing one or two intracystic bodies. The present results suggested, that combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with IFN-gamma had synergistic effects in treatment of P. carinii pneumonia in experimental mice.
Drug-Synergism ; Drug-Therapy,-Combination ; English-Abstract ; Gamma-Globulins-administration-and-dosage ; Interferon-Type-II-administration-and-dosage ; Mice- ; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-Combination-administration-and-dosage ; *Gamma-Globulins-therapeutic-use ; *Interferon-Type-II-therapeutic-use ; *Pneumonia,-Pneumocystis-carinii-therapy ; Gamma-Globulins ; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-Combination ; Interferon-Type-II

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiologic characteristics of axillary lymph nodes which are found on mediolateral oblique(MLO) view of mammography and to assess their clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 119 cases axillary lymph nodes on MLO view of 410 cases of mammography in 205 patients regarding the size, bilaterality, number, grade of density, presence of central lucency, calcification of lymph nodes and presence of associated parenchymal pathologic lesions in breast. RESULTS: Axillary lymph nodes on MLO view were demonstrated in 119 (29%) among 410 cases. Axillary lymph nodes(112 cases) in cases without breast parenchymal lesions or with benign breast lesions showed; unilaterality in 68 cases(61%), smaller than 1.5cm in 100 cases(89%), lower density than breast parenchyma in 99 cases(88%), presence of central lucency in 99 cases(88%) and calcification in 3 cases(2.7%). Axillary lymph nodes(7 cases)in cases with breast cancer showed small size of less than 1.5cm in 4 cases(57%), absence of central lucency in 7 cases(100%) and iso-to higher density than breast parenchyma in 7 c&ses(100%). CONCLUSION: Axillary lymph nodes noted on MLO view of mammography, more than 1.5cm in diameter, absence of central lucency and iso to higher density than breast parenchyma could be suggested as clinically significant.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mammography ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiologic characteristics of axillary lymph nodes which are found on mediolateral oblique(MLO) view of mammography and to assess their clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 119 cases axillary lymph nodes on MLO view of 410 cases of mammography in 205 patients regarding the size, bilaterality, number, grade of density, presence of central lucency, calcification of lymph nodes and presence of associated parenchymal pathologic lesions in breast. RESULTS: Axillary lymph nodes on MLO view were demonstrated in 119 (29%) among 410 cases. Axillary lymph nodes(112 cases) in cases without breast parenchymal lesions or with benign breast lesions showed; unilaterality in 68 cases(61%), smaller than 1.5cm in 100 cases(89%), lower density than breast parenchyma in 99 cases(88%), presence of central lucency in 99 cases(88%) and calcification in 3 cases(2.7%). Axillary lymph nodes(7 cases)in cases with breast cancer showed small size of less than 1.5cm in 4 cases(57%), absence of central lucency in 7 cases(100%) and iso-to higher density than breast parenchyma in 7 c&ses(100%). CONCLUSION: Axillary lymph nodes noted on MLO view of mammography, more than 1.5cm in diameter, absence of central lucency and iso to higher density than breast parenchyma could be suggested as clinically significant.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mammography ; Retrospective Studies

The distribution of pemphigus subclass autoantibodies in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) has been investigated by semiquantitative indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), using the HP series monoclonal antibodies specific for four human IgG subclasses on human foreskins. IgG1 and IgG4 intercellular substance-specific autoantibodies were detected in the serum of the patient, whereas IgG2 and IgG3 autoantibodies were absent. In addition to foreskins, human tonsillar epithelia were used as substrates of IIF for detecting the PV autoantibodies and it was one of satisfactory substitutes for monkey esophagus.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Autoantibodies* ; Esophagus ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Foreskin ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Pemphigus*

Spontaneous rupture of subcapsular liver hematoma in pregnancy is rare but potential life threatening complication of preeclampsia. We experienced a case of spontaneous rupture of subcapsular hematoma of liver that was treated with conservative method. So, we present the case with a brief review of literatures as first report in Korea.
Hematoma* ; Korea ; Liver* ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy* ; Rupture, Spontaneous

No abstract available.
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei*