A study on the Aedes togoi to find out important biological and ecological factors as an efficient vector of filariasis, was carried out on Che-Ju Island for two years from 1968 though 1969. Results obtained are as followings: Geographical distribution of the mosquito breeding habitat was found to be extensive covering circular areas of about three km distance along the shore line. The main breeding sites were rockpools and smaller holes on rocks retaining tide and/or rain water with high larval density; water tanks, pots, and other artificial containers retaining only rain water around the houses located within the area with relatively low larval density. Species constitution of adult mosquitos collected in the study villages consisted largely of Aedes togoi with a range of 70-90 per cent by village. The pH of the breeding sites ranged from 5.0 to l0.0, and the chloride content from 0.01 to 28.75 (gm/l). More than fifty per cent of examined sites, however, had pH 5.6-6.5 and chloride content of less than 1.0 gm/1. The natural infection rate of A. togoi by filaria showed proportional relationships with microfilaria rates among the human population by area. Experimental infection of A. togoi by human and dog filaria demonstrated that this species is an efficient vector for both filaria species proved by natural infection as well as experimental infection. Susceptibility of both larva and adult of A. togoi to insecticide, DDT and dieldrin, showed considerable sensitivity in all villages tested.
parasitology-arthropoda ; vector ; Aedes togoi ; epidemiology ; filariasis ; Brugia malayi ; chloride

No abstract available.
Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Insulin*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Endocrinology ; Metabolism

No abstract available.
Endocrinology ; Metabolism

We reviewed the records of 101 eyes who underwent extracapsular cataract extraction without intraocular lens implantation at Kosin Medical Center from Feb. 1987 to Mar. 1990. Of these, 47 eyes that showed postoperative corrected visual acuity of 0.5 more and more than 2 months' follow-up periods, were recruited for this study. To detect the changes of preoperative predicted aphakic refractions and postoperative observed aphakic refractions. we studied the changes of pre- and postoperative axial lengths, keratometric measurements, and observed aphakic refractions at postoperative 2 months were compared with predicted aphakic refractions, using linear regression formula. The results were as follows: 1. Distribution of age were in the range of 24 to 79 years(mean, 59.4 years), and seventh decade(31.8%) was most common. 2. Postoperative keratometric measurements was decreased in power of mean +/- SD; 0.04 +/- 0.14 diopters(p>0.05). 3. Postoperative axial length was increased by 0.20 +/- 0.09mm(p<0.05). 4. The difference between pre- and postoperative refractive power was mean +/- SD; 0.58 +/- 0.16 diopters(p<0.05).

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplication was used to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) in tissue culture from the urine of newborns and patients who was suspected CMV infection, Synthetic oligonucleotide primer pairs were used to amplify DNA from the major immediate-early and the phosphoprotein 150 genes of CMV AD 169. Amplified products were detected by gel electrophoresis and by dot-blot hybridization with oligonucleotide probes. We found 12 different tissus culture isolates of CMV after the microimmunoassay using monoclonal antibody to immediate-early antigen. All 12 isolates were positive after PCR amplification. But there was no positive reaction when the same primers and probes were used to amplify herpes simplex virus and human genomic DNA. Twelve urine samples were positive when tested with one or both primer pairs and probes. When compaired tissue culture, detection gel electrophoresis provide a sensitivity of 91% (11/12), dot-blot analysis raised the sensitivity to 100% (12/12). A specificity of both primer was 100%(0/12). We conclude that PCR amplification may be a valuable tool for diagnosing congenital CMV infection.
Cytomegalovirus* ; DNA* ; Electrophoresis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Simplexvirus

Dermoid cyst is rare developmental anomaly with sequestration of embryonic closure line, but there is no suggestian that such an anomaly is inherited. The patients were 41 year old mother and 10 year old daugliter whose skin lesions have been noticed since puberta.lstae in the mother and since birth in the daugther It was interesting for those lesions to be appeared typically on the superior orbital area.
Adult ; Child ; Dermoid Cyst* ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Nuclear Family* ; Orbit ; Parturition ; Skin

The high incidence of intestinal parasites among the Korean people almost same as 40 years ago might be partly interpreted by the fact that they are all fond of raw vegetables cultivated on the farms fertilized with non-treated night soil. The cabbages, onions and radishes were collected from the five areas of Seoul vicinity and the number of parasites attached to those vegetables were investigated to compare with the results obtained 10 years ago by the same methods of sampling and examination as the present survey. The resultant findings were summarized as follows: The eggs of Ascaris, hookworm, Trichostrongylus and whipworm, rhabditoid larvae and filariform larvae of hookworms were detected from those vegetables. Additionally, a number of larvae of free living nematodes and morphologically undetermined eggs were also observed. The maximum number of parasites found from one vegetable were as follows: 16 Ascaris eggs on a cabbage, 27 hookworm eggs on an onion, 8 whipworm eggs on a cabbage, 68 filariform larvae of hookworm on an onion. The onions were highly contaminated by the number of parasites as much as 177.6 including the larvae of free living nematodes, the next being the cabbages with 25.3 and the radishes with 4.1 in average. No notable relationship was observed between the size of vegetables and the number of parasites attached to them. Ascaris eggs were found from 56 percent of all cabbages, 28 percent of the onions and 40 percent of the radishes; whipworm eggs were detected on 40 percent of radishes and the filariform larvae of hookworms were observed from 40 percent of onions examined. It may be concluded that there is no notable change in the number of parasites attached to the vegetables collected from the Seoul vicinity compared to the results investigated by the same method 10 years ago.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-Ascaris ; hookworm ; Trichuris trichiura ; epidemiology ; vegetable

The pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia exhibit wide inter-individual variabilities in clinical efficacy and adverse effects. Recently. human genetic diversity has been known as one of the essential factors to the variation in human drug response. This suggests that drug therapy should be tailored to the genetic characteristics of the individual. Pharmacogenetics is the field of investigation that attempts to elucidate genetic basis of an individual's responses to pharmacotherapy, considering drug effects divided into two categories as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The emerging field of pharmacogenomics. which focuses on genetic determinants of drug response at the level of the entire human genome, is important for development and prescription of safer and more effective individually tailored drugs and will aid in understanding how genetics influence drug response. In schizophrenia, pharmacogenetic studies have shown the role of genetic variants of the cytochrome P450 enzymes such as CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP2A1 in the metabolism of antipsychotic drugs. At the level of drug targets, variants of the dopamine D_(2), D_(3) and D_(4), and 5-HT_(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors have been examined. The pharmacogenetic studies in schizophrenia presently shows controversial findings which may be related to the multiple involvement of genes with relatively small effects and to the lack of standardized phenotypes. For further development in the pharmacogenomics of schizophrenia, there would be required the extensive outcome measures and definitious, and the powerful new tools of genomics, proteomics and so on.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Dopamine ; Drug Therapy ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Pharmacogenetics* ; Pharmacokinetics ; Phenotype ; Prescriptions ; Proteomics ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C ; Receptors, Dopamine ; Schizophrenia*