In order to make transcultural research for mental health centered on anxiety and depression between two countries of which psychosocial factors are different, the author studied 698 Nepalese in Dolka in January 1990 and 417 Korean of Chungdo and Kyungju in Korea from July to August 1990 by using the Combined Self-Rating Anxiety Depression Scale (CSADS). The author applied t-test and ANOVA to compare these two groups. The results were as follows: The total scored of Nepalese scored 51.27±11.10 while Korean Scored 44.29±11.79. The anxiety-depression scores relating to the items of restlessness, depressed affect, apprehension, crying spells and fatigue were significantly high in Nepalese, while fatigue, sleep disturbance, dissatisfaction, dizziness, and anxiousness were significantly high in Korean. Both groups showed an increase of score with age. The item relating to education, the scores of the CSADS was significantly high in lower education level in Nepal but Korean showed no significant difference among education level. The score of the CSADS above 50 (clinically significant level) was seen in 361 (51.7%) Nepalese and 116 (27.9%) Korean, which shows the proportion of Nepalese are significantly higher than that of Korean.
Anxiety ; Crying ; Depression ; Dizziness ; Education ; Fatigue ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Korea ; Mental Health* ; Nepal ; Psychology ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Rural Population*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Ligaments* ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Hip Joint* ; Hip* ; Humans ; Synovitis*

No abstract available.
Early Diagnosis* ; Osteogenesis* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Tibia*

The authors present a case in which an organized chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH) was incidentally found in a 9-year-old boy with no significant medical history after a pedestrian traffic accident. Preoperative magnetic resonance(MR) imaging showed calcification on the inner membrane and an irregular heterogeneous structure in the hematoma cavity. The findings from the preoperative brain computed tomogram(CT) and MR image were very useful for making the preoperative diagnosis and surgical decision. In choosing the proper surgical strategy for removing the organized CSDH, it was thought that burr hole trephination would present unnecessary difficulties. Thus, craniotomy was selected and the organized CSDH was successfully removed with no complications.
Accidents, Traffic ; Brain ; Child* ; Craniotomy ; Diagnosis ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Membranes ; Trephining

Antihistamines (histamine receptor antagonists) are widely prescribed medicines in the treatment of allergic disorders, especially the symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions, mainly blocking the activity of vasoactive amines to their receptors. Drug adverse reactions such as sleepiness and dry mouth are frequently encountered. However, drug hypersensitivity provoking itchy hives by antihistamines were rarely reported. A 41-year-old female patient visited allergy clinic for generalized itchy hives from time to time, which had been aggravated 3 months before. Whenever she was exposed to antihistamines for treatment, she felt her hives got immediately full-blown. As a screening, she was tested with various antihistamines on her skin, then skin test-negative antihistamines were orally administered. Finally we failed to choose a safe antihistamine for the treatment of her symptoms. We report a case of drug hypersensitivity to various antihistamines with cross-reactions in a patient with chronic urticaria.
Adult ; Amines ; Cross Reactions ; Drug Hypersensitivity* ; Female ; Histamine Antagonists* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Mass Screening ; Mouth ; Skin ; Urticaria

By the concept that IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) is one of the autoimmune diseases, several immune suppressive drugs and immune modulators including BCG have been used to suppress the occurrence of IDDM. A data reported that BCG has different effects for prevention of diabetes according to the timing of drug administration. This study was performed to examine the preventive effect of diabetes development and insulitis by administering BCG at breast-fed period. NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice were divided into three groups: Group I, II, III were injected by BCG on the first day, eighth day, and twenty second day of life respectively. The later BCG was injected, the smaller occurrence of diabetes and the lower severity of insulitis were.
Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD* ; Mycobacterium bovis*