The isolated rabbit kidney was perfused with the blood collected from the donor rabbits. in order to investigate the substrates taken up by the rabbit kidney as the fuels of energy source. Perfusion pressure was set at 150 mmHg which was within the range of autoregulation. Blood glucose was determined by the Somogyi-Nelson method, and O2 and CO2 contents in renal artery and vein were measured by the VanSlyke mercury manometric technique. Radioactivity of 14CO2 in the blood sample derived from 14C-UL-glucose was measured by use of liquid scintillation counter. Respiratory quotient (R.Q.) of rabbit kidney was calculated from the CO2 production and O2 consumption rate. Relative specific activity (R.S.A.) of CO2 was also calculated from the specific activity of plasma glucose and specific activity of CO2. The results were as follows: 1) Average renal blood flow was 1. 41 ml/min-gm kidney. 2) COs content of renal artery and vein were 13.6 mM/L and 15. 5 mM/L respectively. (AV. difference of CO2... 1.9mM/L) and O. content of renal artery and vein were 13.6 vol% and 8.3 vol%. (Av-difference of O2.., 5. 3vol%) 3) COs production rate (VCO2) was 5l. 6 uL/min-gm kidney and O2 consumption rate(VO2) was 73. 6uL,min.gm kidney. Therefore respiratory quotient of kidney was O. r3. 4) Glucose concentration in the perfused blood was 242mg% and the specific activity of plasma glucose was 4, 439 c.p.m/,mgC of glucose. 5) The specific activity of CO2 was 40c,p.m/mgC of CO2 and the relative specific activity was 0.90%. From the above results, it was concluded that glucose is almost not used as the fuel of energy source in the rabbit kidney as found in human and dog kidneys, and suggested the possibility that fats such as free fatty acids are utilized as predominant energy source.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Dogs ; Fats ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Metabolism* ; Perfusion ; Rabbits ; Radioactivity ; Renal Artery ; Renal Circulation ; Scintillation Counting ; Tissue Donors ; Veins

A clinical study was made on 47 cases of undescended testes during 9 years, from March 1973 to February 1982. The results obtained as follows: 1. The age distribution varies from 3 to 35 and 12 cases (26%) were between 21-25 years old. 2. Bilateral undescended testes were found in 8 cases, and in the cases of unilateral, right in 27 cases and left in 12 cases. 3. Of the 57 undescended testes, most popular location was inguinal type in 31 testes. (56.4%). 4. Hormonal therapy was done on 11 cases and among them only 2 cases of unilateral type responded with partial descent. 5. Orchiopexy was performed on 45 cases and orchiectomy on 2 cases. 6. Of the several methods of orchiopexy, dartos pouch method revealed high success rate (91%).
Age Distribution ; Cryptorchidism* ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Orchiopexy ; Testis

To determine the value of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of testicular rapture due to blunt trauma, we reviewed 69 patients of blunt scrotal trauma, which were evaluated by ultrasound before treatment. Thirty patients were managed conservatively, of which 3 cases were explored lately due to persistent pain or mass, and 39 explored immediately. Of the 30 patients treated conservatively the injury was resolved in 27. Surgical exploration of the 42 cases revealed testicular rupture in 29 and simple hematocele in 13. Analysis of the 29 cases with testicular rupture demonstrated that orchiectomy rates were 20% in early exploration and 53% in delayed exploration. in the 27 cases the testicular rupture was correctly diagnosed by ultrasonography, and there were 4 false-positive and 2 false-negative diagnoses of rupture. The specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of testicular rupture are 70% and 93%, and the positive and negative predictive values are 87% and 82%, respectively. Ultrasonography used in conjunction with a thorough physical examination is highly sensitive in identifying testicular rupture, and can provide objective information supporting the need for early surgical exploration in patients with blunt scrotal trauma.
Diagnosis ; Hematocele ; Humans ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Physical Examination ; Rupture* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography*

A clinical observation was made on 51 cases of varicocele of the inpatient in the Department of Urology, National Police Hospital, during the period from January 1979 to April 1982. The results are as follows: 1. Left renal vein-internal spermatic confluence was joined right angle in all case and internal spermatic vein was demonstrated atonic, wide structure without constriction indicating valvular insufficiency in 8 cases. 2. The number of internal spermatic vein was between 1 and 4, showing the highest incidence in 2 vessels (8 cases). 3. The diameter of internal spermatic vein was between 2 mm and 6.5 ram, showing the highest incidence in 3 mm (8 cases). 4. This study showed lesser recurrence rate at the ligation of all Of the internal spermatic veins rather than ligation of the most markedly engorged one.
Constriction ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Ligation ; Police ; Recurrence ; Urology ; Varicocele* ; Veins

PURPOSE: To assess the ability of scrotal Doppler ultrasonography to confirm the diagnosis of clinical varicoceles and detect subclinical varicoceles. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Sixty patients with clinically evident varicocele were examined by scrotal doppler ultrasonography(gray scale: 60 patients, spectral Doppler: 35 patients, color Doppler: 22 patients). A control group of 21 patients with no suspected scrotal pathology also were studied. The age range of the varicocele group was 12-49 years. The normal group consisted of 21 subjects aged 19-23 years. Ultrasonographic measurement of scrotal vein diameter of patients before and during Valsalva maneuver, and scrotal vein blood flow reversal with Valsalva maneuver was compared with the findings of varicocele by physical examination. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in scrotal vein diameter before and during Valsalva maneuver between normal and varicocele testicular units. Cut-off points were selected in an arbitrary fashion on the basis of scattergram. Using this cut-off points and blood flow reversal, we found that 12(23%) of 53 patients with a clinically palpable left unilateral varicocele had an ultrasonographically positive subclinical right varicocele. 8(38%) of 21 patients without a clinical varicocele had a positive scrotal ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that scrotal doppler ultrasonography is a reliable means of confirming the clinical varicocele and screening the subclinical varicoceles.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Pathology ; Physical Examination ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler* ; Valsalva Maneuver ; Varicocele* ; Veins

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an uncommon entity of chronic renal infection and often misdiagnosed with renal tumor clinically. The characteristic examination are foamy histiocyte containing lipid material and foreign body giant cell forming granulomas, Macroscopically yellow nodules are present at the area of necrotic tissue. We have experienced a case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in 38 years old woman and reported with review of some literatures.
Adult ; Female ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Granuloma ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous*

34 cases of the scrotal injuries were evaluated from Jan. 1, 1980 to Jun. 30, 1984 in National Police Hospital on the testicular salvage rate in relation with the status of preoperative palpation of testis and early or delayed exploration. The rate of orchiectomy was 0 % (0/ 16) in group A(palpable testis in preoperative physical examination) and 55.5% (10/ 18) in group B(impalpable testis). In group B, the testicular salvage rate was 80% with early exploration and 0 %(0/8) with delayed explorations.
Humans ; Orchiectomy ; Palpation ; Police ; Testis

We present a 13 year old female patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism. Characteristic clinical pictures, low blood calcium level and X-ray findings of hands and feet were conformative for the diagnosis. Review of literature and referances on pseudohypoparathyoidism was attempted briefly.
Adolescent ; Calcium ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Pseudohypoparathyroidism*

Complete patent urachus is a congenital anomaly that remains Open by fistulous tract extending from the bladder to umbilicus even after birth and rarely observed in literatures. We have experienced a case of complete patent urachus and reported with review of some literatures.
Parturition ; Umbilicus ; Urachus* ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: The overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents and their resultant emergence of resistant microorganisms have made choices regarding antimicrobial therapy more difficult. We studied the changes of antibiotic sensitivity to the causative organisms of urinary tract infection(UTI) for recent 5 years in order to give some useful informations about the choice of adequate drug in the treatment of UTI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed 1191 uropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivities of the 1132 patients who admitted or visited the National Police Hospital and had more than 105cfu/ml on urine culture from January 1994 to December 1998 retrospectively. RESULTS: The common pathogenic organisms were E. coli(51.5%), staphylococcus(15.7%), pseudomonas(9.1%), klebsiella(7.5%) and enterobacter(4.0%), enterococcus(3.4%), proteus(3.1%) in order. The incidence of E. coli decreased from 50.8% in 1994 to 41.3% in 1998 but the incidence of other gram negative organisms like pseudomonas, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus and acinetobacter increased from 24.8% in 1994 to 42.6% in 1998. In E. coli isolates(the majority of positive cultures), resistance to six antibiotics changed significantly: ampicillin(19.4% to 15.5%), piperacillin(44.1% to 32.0%), cephalothin(70.6% to 58.6%), gentamicin(62.8% to 60.2%), tobramycin(95.0% to 88.1%), and ciprofloxacin(87.6% to 76.3%). The sensitivity rates of the gram negative organisms including E. coli were very low in 1998 (ampicillin 11.6%, piperacillin 36.6%, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 49.3%). CONCLUSIONS: We think that E. coli is still the most important organism in the UTI but we shoud be concerned about the increasing incidence of other gram negative organisms like pseudomonas, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus and acinetobacter. And prior to receiving the bacteriological report, using ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole as the first choice in the treatment of UTI shoud be reconsidered.
Acinetobacter ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Enterobacter ; Humans ; Incidence ; Klebsiella ; Piperacillin ; Police ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*