The isolated rabbit kidney was perfused with the blood collected from the donor rabbits. in order to investigate the substrates taken up by the rabbit kidney as the fuels of energy source. Perfusion pressure was set at 150 mmHg which was within the range of autoregulation. Blood glucose was determined by the Somogyi-Nelson method, and O2 and CO2 contents in renal artery and vein were measured by the VanSlyke mercury manometric technique. Radioactivity of 14CO2 in the blood sample derived from 14C-UL-glucose was measured by use of liquid scintillation counter. Respiratory quotient (R.Q.) of rabbit kidney was calculated from the CO2 production and O2 consumption rate. Relative specific activity (R.S.A.) of CO2 was also calculated from the specific activity of plasma glucose and specific activity of CO2. The results were as follows: 1) Average renal blood flow was 1. 41 ml/min-gm kidney. 2) COs content of renal artery and vein were 13.6 mM/L and 15. 5 mM/L respectively. (AV. difference of CO2... 1.9mM/L) and O. content of renal artery and vein were 13.6 vol% and 8.3 vol%. (Av-difference of O2.., 5. 3vol%) 3) COs production rate (VCO2) was 5l. 6 uL/min-gm kidney and O2 consumption rate(VO2) was 73. 6uL,min.gm kidney. Therefore respiratory quotient of kidney was O. r3. 4) Glucose concentration in the perfused blood was 242mg% and the specific activity of plasma glucose was 4, 439 c.p.m/,mgC of glucose. 5) The specific activity of CO2 was 40c,p.m/mgC of CO2 and the relative specific activity was 0.90%. From the above results, it was concluded that glucose is almost not used as the fuel of energy source in the rabbit kidney as found in human and dog kidneys, and suggested the possibility that fats such as free fatty acids are utilized as predominant energy source.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Dogs ; Fats ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Metabolism* ; Perfusion ; Rabbits ; Radioactivity ; Renal Artery ; Renal Circulation ; Scintillation Counting ; Tissue Donors ; Veins

A clinical study was made on 47 cases of undescended testes during 9 years, from March 1973 to February 1982. The results obtained as follows: 1. The age distribution varies from 3 to 35 and 12 cases (26%) were between 21-25 years old. 2. Bilateral undescended testes were found in 8 cases, and in the cases of unilateral, right in 27 cases and left in 12 cases. 3. Of the 57 undescended testes, most popular location was inguinal type in 31 testes. (56.4%). 4. Hormonal therapy was done on 11 cases and among them only 2 cases of unilateral type responded with partial descent. 5. Orchiopexy was performed on 45 cases and orchiectomy on 2 cases. 6. Of the several methods of orchiopexy, dartos pouch method revealed high success rate (91%).
Age Distribution ; Cryptorchidism* ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Orchiopexy ; Testis

To determine the value of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of testicular rapture due to blunt trauma, we reviewed 69 patients of blunt scrotal trauma, which were evaluated by ultrasound before treatment. Thirty patients were managed conservatively, of which 3 cases were explored lately due to persistent pain or mass, and 39 explored immediately. Of the 30 patients treated conservatively the injury was resolved in 27. Surgical exploration of the 42 cases revealed testicular rupture in 29 and simple hematocele in 13. Analysis of the 29 cases with testicular rupture demonstrated that orchiectomy rates were 20% in early exploration and 53% in delayed exploration. in the 27 cases the testicular rupture was correctly diagnosed by ultrasonography, and there were 4 false-positive and 2 false-negative diagnoses of rupture. The specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of testicular rupture are 70% and 93%, and the positive and negative predictive values are 87% and 82%, respectively. Ultrasonography used in conjunction with a thorough physical examination is highly sensitive in identifying testicular rupture, and can provide objective information supporting the need for early surgical exploration in patients with blunt scrotal trauma.
Diagnosis ; Hematocele ; Humans ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Physical Examination ; Rupture* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography*

A clinical observation was made on 51 cases of varicocele of the inpatient in the Department of Urology, National Police Hospital, during the period from January 1979 to April 1982. The results are as follows: 1. Left renal vein-internal spermatic confluence was joined right angle in all case and internal spermatic vein was demonstrated atonic, wide structure without constriction indicating valvular insufficiency in 8 cases. 2. The number of internal spermatic vein was between 1 and 4, showing the highest incidence in 2 vessels (8 cases). 3. The diameter of internal spermatic vein was between 2 mm and 6.5 ram, showing the highest incidence in 3 mm (8 cases). 4. This study showed lesser recurrence rate at the ligation of all Of the internal spermatic veins rather than ligation of the most markedly engorged one.
Constriction ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Ligation ; Police ; Recurrence ; Urology ; Varicocele* ; Veins

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an uncommon entity of chronic renal infection and often misdiagnosed with renal tumor clinically. The characteristic examination are foamy histiocyte containing lipid material and foreign body giant cell forming granulomas, Macroscopically yellow nodules are present at the area of necrotic tissue. We have experienced a case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in 38 years old woman and reported with review of some literatures.
Adult ; Female ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Granuloma ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous*

A clinical observation was made on 34 patients with renal injury, who were admitted to the Department of Urology, National Police Hospital from January 1982 to December 1986. Most of patients(33 of 34) were male and 22 patients (65%) were in the age group of 3rd decade. Common causes of injury were in order of blow (29.5%), fall down(23.5%), sport mishap(23.5%) and traffic accident (20.5%). Associated injuries were noted in 30% of the cases and rib fracture was most common. Renal injuries were classified as a minor, major and pedicle injury. Of the 34 cases, 30 were minor injury, 4 were major injury, and pedicle injury was absent. Most common symptoms and signs were hematuria and flank pain. Abnormal DIP findings were noted in 11 cases (30%) and renal displacement was showed in 3 cases with perirenal hematoma and incomplete filling and extravasation were revealed in 4 cases with major injury. Of the 30 cases with minor injury conservative treatment was performed in 26, hematoma removal in 3 and nephrectomy in 1 due to UPJ obstruction. Of the 4 cases with major injury conservative treatment was performed in 2 and nephrectomy in 2.
Accidents, Traffic ; Flank Pain ; Hematoma ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Police ; Rib Fractures ; Sports ; Urology

A Clinical observation was made on 85 cases of hydronephrosis who were admitted to the department of urology in National Police Hospital during 5 years and 4 months from Jan., 1978 to April, 1983. The following results were obtained; 1. The rate of hydronephrosis accounted for 8.6% of the total patients (981 cases) admitted to the urologic department. 2. Age distribution in this series ranged from a 4 years old male to a 69 years old male patient. The most common age group was the 3rd decade (29.4%). The male and female ratio was 2.7:1. 3. The left side was affected 1.4 times more than the right. 9 cases (10.9%) were bilateral. 4. In underlying diseases, the congenital causes were 11 cases (12.9%) and among them congenital ureteropelvic stenosis was the most Common (5 cases). The acquired causes were 74 cases (87.1%) and ureteral stone was the most common acquired cause (39 cases). 5. In the level of the obstruction, the upper tract was 76 cases (89.4%), mid & lower tract were 7 cases (8.2%) and I case was extraurinary tract disease. 6. The most common chief complaints on admission was flank pain (52 cases). 7. In laboratory findings, increased BUN over 20mg% were 8 cases (9.4%) and the increased creatinine over 2.0rag% were 4 cases (4.7%). In urinalysis, pyuria were noticed in 41 cases (48.2%) and among them urine culture were performed to 32 cases. And E. coli were isolated in 12 cases (37.5%). 8. In treatment conservative treatment was done in 18 cases(20%) and surgical treatment was performed in 67 cases (80%). Of the surgical treatment, the most common operation was the ureterolithotomy in 32 cases (37.6%) and nephrectomy was done in 14 cases (16.4%).
Age Distribution ; Aged ; Child, Preschool ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Creatinine ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Police ; Pyuria ; Ureter ; Urinalysis ; Urology

Varicocele has been considered the most common identifiable cause of adult infertility. but little has been known on the significance of histology and volume according to the grade in adults with varicocele. Herein, we have assessed bilateral testicular size before surgical ligation and performed bilateral testicular biopsies at the time of surgical ligation. The volume of each testes in adults with varicocele was smaller than those of normal adults and it was statistically significant. The grades of varicocele did not have a significant effect on differential testicular volumes, although the volume of the left testis in adults with varicocele was always less than that of the right testis. Histologic changes were showed degeneration of germinal epithelium, focal tubular atrophy, and premature sloughing of germinal epithelium into the lumen of the tubules. Tubular thickening was seen in most or the cases. Spermatogenesis was generally reduced in patients with varicocele, but there was no difference between the right and left testis. There was no correlation between the grade of the varicocele and the reduction in spermatogenesis.
Adult* ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Infertility ; Ligation ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; Varicocele*

Complete patent urachus is a congenital anomaly that remains Open by fistulous tract extending from the bladder to umbilicus even after birth and rarely observed in literatures. We have experienced a case of complete patent urachus and reported with review of some literatures.
Parturition ; Umbilicus ; Urachus* ; Urinary Bladder

An experimental study was made to detect the presence of Trichomonas Vaginalis in 300 urethritis patients and 600 police men without any subjective symptoms and signs during the period from Jan, 1977 to Dec., 1971. T. Vaginalis were found on 30 cases performed microscopic examination of centrifuged sediment of urine and prostatic secretion obtained by prostatic massage. Clinical observation was also performed on 30 cases of trichomoniasis and following results were obtained. 1. T. Vaginalis was detected in 4 % of urethritis patients (Group B) and in 3 % of control cases (Group A) with average of 3.5 %. 2. Age distribution ranged from 21 to 50 years and occupied 75 % between 21 and 35 years of age. 3. T. Vaginalis was found between 5.5-6.0 of urinary pH in 44.4 % of Group A and 50 % of Group B with average of 47.2 %. 4. Other pathologic bacteriae were detected in 8 cases ( 38.8 %) in urine of Group A and the most frequent mixed organisms were Gram negative bacilli. 5. Seasonal prevalence has been observed and increasing tendency can be seen in summer (June to Sept.) with average of 55.8 % (54 % in Group A and 57.6 % in Group B) 6. T. Vaginalis was discovered in higher percentage in the married and it ranged in 86.7 % 7. The frequent subjective complaints were in order of itching in urethra (33.3 %), burning on urination (25 %), frequency ( 16.6 %), morning drops (16.6 %) and perineal discomfort (8.3 %). 8. Metronidazole 400mg was administered orally twice a day for 7 days in 10 cases of Trichomoniasis without mixed bacterial infection and effective in 9 cases.
Age Distribution ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Infections ; Burns ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male* ; Massage ; Metronidazole ; Police ; Prevalence ; Pruritus ; Seasons ; Trichomonas vaginalis ; Urethra ; Urethritis ; Urinary Tract* ; Urination