The isolated rabbit kidney was perfused with the blood collected from the donor rabbits. in order to investigate the substrates taken up by the rabbit kidney as the fuels of energy source. Perfusion pressure was set at 150 mmHg which was within the range of autoregulation. Blood glucose was determined by the Somogyi-Nelson method, and O2 and CO2 contents in renal artery and vein were measured by the VanSlyke mercury manometric technique. Radioactivity of 14CO2 in the blood sample derived from 14C-UL-glucose was measured by use of liquid scintillation counter. Respiratory quotient (R.Q.) of rabbit kidney was calculated from the CO2 production and O2 consumption rate. Relative specific activity (R.S.A.) of CO2 was also calculated from the specific activity of plasma glucose and specific activity of CO2. The results were as follows: 1) Average renal blood flow was 1. 41 ml/min-gm kidney. 2) COs content of renal artery and vein were 13.6 mM/L and 15. 5 mM/L respectively. (AV. difference of CO2... 1.9mM/L) and O. content of renal artery and vein were 13.6 vol% and 8.3 vol%. (Av-difference of O2.., 5. 3vol%) 3) COs production rate (VCO2) was 5l. 6 uL/min-gm kidney and O2 consumption rate(VO2) was 73. 6uL,min.gm kidney. Therefore respiratory quotient of kidney was O. r3. 4) Glucose concentration in the perfused blood was 242mg% and the specific activity of plasma glucose was 4, 439 c.p.m/,mgC of glucose. 5) The specific activity of CO2 was 40c,p.m/mgC of CO2 and the relative specific activity was 0.90%. From the above results, it was concluded that glucose is almost not used as the fuel of energy source in the rabbit kidney as found in human and dog kidneys, and suggested the possibility that fats such as free fatty acids are utilized as predominant energy source.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Dogs ; Fats ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Metabolism* ; Perfusion ; Rabbits ; Radioactivity ; Renal Artery ; Renal Circulation ; Scintillation Counting ; Tissue Donors ; Veins

A clinical study was made on 47 cases of undescended testes during 9 years, from March 1973 to February 1982. The results obtained as follows: 1. The age distribution varies from 3 to 35 and 12 cases (26%) were between 21-25 years old. 2. Bilateral undescended testes were found in 8 cases, and in the cases of unilateral, right in 27 cases and left in 12 cases. 3. Of the 57 undescended testes, most popular location was inguinal type in 31 testes. (56.4%). 4. Hormonal therapy was done on 11 cases and among them only 2 cases of unilateral type responded with partial descent. 5. Orchiopexy was performed on 45 cases and orchiectomy on 2 cases. 6. Of the several methods of orchiopexy, dartos pouch method revealed high success rate (91%).
Age Distribution ; Cryptorchidism* ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Orchiopexy ; Testis

To determine the value of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of testicular rapture due to blunt trauma, we reviewed 69 patients of blunt scrotal trauma, which were evaluated by ultrasound before treatment. Thirty patients were managed conservatively, of which 3 cases were explored lately due to persistent pain or mass, and 39 explored immediately. Of the 30 patients treated conservatively the injury was resolved in 27. Surgical exploration of the 42 cases revealed testicular rupture in 29 and simple hematocele in 13. Analysis of the 29 cases with testicular rupture demonstrated that orchiectomy rates were 20% in early exploration and 53% in delayed exploration. in the 27 cases the testicular rupture was correctly diagnosed by ultrasonography, and there were 4 false-positive and 2 false-negative diagnoses of rupture. The specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of testicular rupture are 70% and 93%, and the positive and negative predictive values are 87% and 82%, respectively. Ultrasonography used in conjunction with a thorough physical examination is highly sensitive in identifying testicular rupture, and can provide objective information supporting the need for early surgical exploration in patients with blunt scrotal trauma.
Diagnosis ; Hematocele ; Humans ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Physical Examination ; Rupture* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography*

Varicocele has been considered the most common identifiable cause of adult infertility. but little has been known on the significance of histology and volume according to the grade in adults with varicocele. Herein, we have assessed bilateral testicular size before surgical ligation and performed bilateral testicular biopsies at the time of surgical ligation. The volume of each testes in adults with varicocele was smaller than those of normal adults and it was statistically significant. The grades of varicocele did not have a significant effect on differential testicular volumes, although the volume of the left testis in adults with varicocele was always less than that of the right testis. Histologic changes were showed degeneration of germinal epithelium, focal tubular atrophy, and premature sloughing of germinal epithelium into the lumen of the tubules. Tubular thickening was seen in most or the cases. Spermatogenesis was generally reduced in patients with varicocele, but there was no difference between the right and left testis. There was no correlation between the grade of the varicocele and the reduction in spermatogenesis.
Adult* ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Infertility ; Ligation ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; Varicocele*

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an uncommon entity of chronic renal infection and often misdiagnosed with renal tumor clinically. The characteristic examination are foamy histiocyte containing lipid material and foreign body giant cell forming granulomas, Macroscopically yellow nodules are present at the area of necrotic tissue. We have experienced a case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in 38 years old woman and reported with review of some literatures.
Adult ; Female ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Granuloma ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous*

34 cases of the scrotal injuries were evaluated from Jan. 1, 1980 to Jun. 30, 1984 in National Police Hospital on the testicular salvage rate in relation with the status of preoperative palpation of testis and early or delayed exploration. The rate of orchiectomy was 0 % (0/ 16) in group A(palpable testis in preoperative physical examination) and 55.5% (10/ 18) in group B(impalpable testis). In group B, the testicular salvage rate was 80% with early exploration and 0 %(0/8) with delayed explorations.
Humans ; Orchiectomy ; Palpation ; Police ; Testis

A clinical observation was made on 112 cases of chronic prostatitis during the period from January 197S to June l979. The following results were obtained. 1). Age distribution was between 20 and 50 years old, showing the highest incidence in 31 to 35 years (31.3%) and the next in 36-40 years (18.6%). 2) Previous diseases were acute or chronic urethritis on 78 cases (69.6%), epididymitis on 6 cases (5.4%). pulmonary tuberculosis on 2 cases (1.8%), bronchitis on 1 case (0.9%). 3) Subjective symptoms were in order of frequency, dysuria, perineal discomfort and testicular discomfort. 4 cases (12.5) were free of symptoms. 4) On rectal palpation of prostate, 60 cases (53.6%) were firm, 22 cases (l9.6%) indurated, 3 cases (2.7%) nodular and 26 cases (23.2%) soft. 78 cases were normal. 29 cases enlarged and 5 cases small in size. 5) In urine examination, 28 cases (25.9%) showed W.B.C. more than 5/HPF and 20 cases (17.9 %) R.B.C. more than 5/HPF. 79 cases (70.5%) were within normal limit. Prostatic fluid was within normal limit in 38 cases (33.9%) and in 74 cases (66.1%) W.B.C. were more than 10/HPF. 6) In 20 cases performing prostatic fluid culture, staphylococcus epidermis was isolated in 5 cases, E. Coli in 2 cases, streptococcus in l case, staphylococcus aureus in 1 case and Klebsiella in 1 case. Microorganisms were not cultured in 10 cases. 7) The period of treatment was from 2 weeks to 16 weeks.
Age Distribution ; Bronchitis ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Dysuria ; Epidermis ; Epididymitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Klebsiella ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate ; Prostatitis* ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Streptococcus ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Urethritis

A clinical observation was made on 34 patients with renal injury, who were admitted to the Department of Urology, National Police Hospital from January 1982 to December 1986. Most of patients(33 of 34) were male and 22 patients (65%) were in the age group of 3rd decade. Common causes of injury were in order of blow (29.5%), fall down(23.5%), sport mishap(23.5%) and traffic accident (20.5%). Associated injuries were noted in 30% of the cases and rib fracture was most common. Renal injuries were classified as a minor, major and pedicle injury. Of the 34 cases, 30 were minor injury, 4 were major injury, and pedicle injury was absent. Most common symptoms and signs were hematuria and flank pain. Abnormal DIP findings were noted in 11 cases (30%) and renal displacement was showed in 3 cases with perirenal hematoma and incomplete filling and extravasation were revealed in 4 cases with major injury. Of the 30 cases with minor injury conservative treatment was performed in 26, hematoma removal in 3 and nephrectomy in 1 due to UPJ obstruction. Of the 4 cases with major injury conservative treatment was performed in 2 and nephrectomy in 2.
Accidents, Traffic ; Flank Pain ; Hematoma ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Police ; Rib Fractures ; Sports ; Urology

PURPOSE: To assess the ability of scrotal Doppler ultrasonography to confirm the diagnosis of clinical varicoceles and detect subclinical varicoceles. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Sixty patients with clinically evident varicocele were examined by scrotal doppler ultrasonography(gray scale: 60 patients, spectral Doppler: 35 patients, color Doppler: 22 patients). A control group of 21 patients with no suspected scrotal pathology also were studied. The age range of the varicocele group was 12-49 years. The normal group consisted of 21 subjects aged 19-23 years. Ultrasonographic measurement of scrotal vein diameter of patients before and during Valsalva maneuver, and scrotal vein blood flow reversal with Valsalva maneuver was compared with the findings of varicocele by physical examination. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in scrotal vein diameter before and during Valsalva maneuver between normal and varicocele testicular units. Cut-off points were selected in an arbitrary fashion on the basis of scattergram. Using this cut-off points and blood flow reversal, we found that 12(23%) of 53 patients with a clinically palpable left unilateral varicocele had an ultrasonographically positive subclinical right varicocele. 8(38%) of 21 patients without a clinical varicocele had a positive scrotal ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that scrotal doppler ultrasonography is a reliable means of confirming the clinical varicocele and screening the subclinical varicoceles.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Pathology ; Physical Examination ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler* ; Valsalva Maneuver ; Varicocele* ; Veins

A clinical observation was made on 51 cases of varicocele of the inpatient in the Department of Urology, National Police Hospital, during the period from January 1979 to April 1982. The results are as follows: 1. Left renal vein-internal spermatic confluence was joined right angle in all case and internal spermatic vein was demonstrated atonic, wide structure without constriction indicating valvular insufficiency in 8 cases. 2. The number of internal spermatic vein was between 1 and 4, showing the highest incidence in 2 vessels (8 cases). 3. The diameter of internal spermatic vein was between 2 mm and 6.5 ram, showing the highest incidence in 3 mm (8 cases). 4. This study showed lesser recurrence rate at the ligation of all Of the internal spermatic veins rather than ligation of the most markedly engorged one.
Constriction ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Ligation ; Police ; Recurrence ; Urology ; Varicocele* ; Veins