Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death attributable to cancer in women. In view of the limitations of conventional predictable factors of the breast cancer, additional second-generation parameters would be valuable in selecting the patients who would be most likely to be beneficial from adjuvant therapy and breast reconstruction. The author investigated the HER2/neu gene amplification and the number of chromosome 17 in 39 cases of paraffin embedded breast cancer tissues, 20 cases without lymph node metastasis and 19 cases with lymph node metastasis, using fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) and compared the results with HER2/neu and p 53 protein expression detected by immunohistochemical method. Eleven cases fibroadenoma were used as benign tumor control. Numerical aberrations of chromosome 17 were found in 17 out 39 breast cancer cases (44%)(monosomy in 10 cases, 26%; trisomy in 3 cases, 8%; tetrasomy in 3 cases, 8%; polysomy in 1 case ,3%), and the frequency of each type aberration was not significantly different between the negative and positive groups in lymph node metastasis. Monosomy of chromosome 17 was found in 2 out of 11(12%) fibroadenoma cases. HER2/neu gene amplification was found in 8 out of 39 cases (19%) and other 2 cases revealed HER2/neu gene amplification in lymph node metastatic tumor only, not in original tumor. Fourteen out of 19 cases of breast cancer with lymph metastasis showed HER2/neu protein expression both in original and metastatic tumors. All of the six cases showing HER2/neu gene amplification in original and/or metastatic tumor revealed HER2/neu protein expression. The frequency of HER2/neu gene amplification in the 39 breast cancer cases was not different between metastatic and non-metastatic groups(p= 0.284). However, HER2/neu protein expression was increased significantly in the metastatic group(p=0.028). None of the 11 fibroadenoma cases revealed HER2/neu gene amplification or HER2/ neu protein expression. Nine out of 19 cases of breast cancer with lymph node metastasis showed p 53 protein accumulation in original tumor(47%), but 3 of them revealed p 53 protein accumulation only in original tumor. The frequency of p 53 protein accumulation was not significantly different between metastatic and non-metastatic groups. None of the 11 fibroadenoma cases revealed p 53 protein accumulation. In conclusion, there are no differences between the lymph node metastatic group and non-metastatic groups in numerical aberrations of the chromosome 17 , amplification of the HER2/neu gene expression and accumulation of the p 53 protein in breast cancer. However, the HER2/neu protein expression was increased significantly in lymph node metastatic group, so it could be one of the predictors of the metastasis in breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cause of Death ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17* ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; Gene Amplification* ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mammaplasty ; Monosomy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Tetrasomy ; Trisomy

No abstract available.
Frontal Sinus*

PURPOSE: An adjustable fadenoperation is recently developed surgical procedure which was designed to use adjustable suture by combining resection and recession of a single rectus muscle. An inferior rectus recession, especially on an adjustable suture, has a drawback which allows slippage of the muscle and may cause an postoperative overcorrection. Therefore, we performed so called "Reinforced adjustable fadenoperation", a procedure that added the reinforced fixation suture to the new insertion site of the sclera, and hereby we report the case. METHODS: A fifty three year-old man with right inferior rectus muscle palsy was treated with reinforced adjustable fadenoperation. Under the topical anesthesia, we performed 11 mm resection and adjustable 12 mm recession until diplopia was diappeared. To prevent postoperative slippage of the new insertion, reinforced suture was fixed at the sclera using 5-0 Polyester (Dacron(R)). RESULTS: On postoperative 1 month, ocular motility examination showed an orthophoria in primary gaze and also in down gaze by 25 degrees. Binocular diplopia-free field was expanded except in extreme down gaze. CONCLUSIONS: The reinforced adjustable fadenoperation is a modification of the conventional fadenoperation or the adjustable fadenoperation. It may be applied to the inferior rectus muscle surgery which is known for the slippage of the muscle.
Anesthesia ; Diplopia ; Paralysis ; Polyesters ; Sclera ; Sutures ; Telescopes

No abstract available.
Animals ; Burns* ; Rats*

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (C.A.A) is characterized by the extracellular amyloid protein deposition in the vessel walls of the brain and meninges. It has been estimated to account for 5 to 10% of all primary, nontraumatic brain hemorrhage. We report two cases of C.A.A causing nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in the frontal lobe. The first case was a 60-year-old female who was admitted for the left hemiplegia and dysarthralgia. Brain CT revealed right frontal lobe hemorrhage. The second case was a 72-year-old male who was admitted for amnesia and gait disturbance. Clinical impression was Alzheimer's disease. Brain MRI revealed multifocal small hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe. Microscopically, both cases showed dilated small arteries of superficial cortex and meninges with hyalinization. Some vessels showed microaneurysm and fibriniod necrosis. Congo-red stain also exhibited birefringence under polarized light. There was no evidence of Alzheimer's disease.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Amnesia ; Amyloid ; Arteries ; Birefringence ; Brain ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy* ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Gait ; Hemiplegia ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meninges ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis

To evaluate the possibility of the newly developed highly porous glass ceramics as a space-filler in the cavitary bone defect, we made the opening sized 1 × 0.5 cm on the medial aspect of the right proximal tibia of nine rabbits. We impacted the highly porous glass ceramics firmly to the medullary cavity of rabbit tibia through the opening. Each three were sacrificed at 4th, 8th, and 12th week and analyze in vivo reaction of the glass ceramics in rabbit tibia with radiological and histological methods. On radiological examination, radiolucent line was seen around impacted glass ceramics at 4th week, but this radiolucent line was obliterated gradually to 12th week. On histological examination, new bone formation with osteoblast was appeared at 4th week without foreign body reactions. At 8th week, newly formed bone infiltrated into the porous space between glass ceramics particles was noticed, and the surface of glass ceramics was tightly bound by newly formed bone with osteoblastic rim and mature bone, At 12th week, the amount of newly formed mature bone increased, though there was on evidence of resorption of glass ceramics particle. So, we suggest that the highly porous glass ceramics is one of the possible artificial bone graft substitutes, especially as a space-filler.
Ceramics ; Foreign Bodies ; Glass ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Tibia ; Transplants

Endovascular treatment of isolated bilateral common iliac artery aneurysm (CIAA) requires salvage of at least one internal iliac artery to prevent complications such as ischemic buttock claudication. We treated a case of bilateral CIAAs using an internal iliac branched stent graft. We report a case of a 58-year-old man who presented with bilateral CIAAs. The left internal iliac artery was occluded with coil embolization. The right internal iliac artery was saved by using a branched stent graft. The aneurysms were excluded with conventional endovascular aneurysm repair. Completion angiography showed technical success. Follow up computed tomography angiogram at three months showed complete exclusion of bilateral CIAAs, no endoleaks, and patent right internal iliac artery. There was no pelvic ischemic complication. We treated successfully a case of isolated bilateral CIAAs using an iliac branched stent graft.
Aneurysm* ; Angiography ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis* ; Buttocks ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Endoleak ; Endovascular Procedures ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iliac Artery* ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: Febrile seizure affects 2 to 5% of children, but 30 to 40% of the children who already had febrile seizure experience another febrile seizure. We researched to define a high risk group of recurrent febrile seizures through investigating several risk factors. METHODS: We evaluated 342 patients who were admitted to our hospital or treated in the emergency room for their first febrile seizure from March, 1995 to August, 2001. We assessed various risk factors, such as age, the type of seizure, body temperature, serum sodium concentration, sex, neurologic abnormalities, and family history of febrile seizure or epilepsy. RESULTS: Age at the first febrile seizure(< or =18 months) and family history of febrile seizure were significant risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizure. The study showed that 21.9% of the children who had none of these risk factors, 36.4% of the children who had one, and 57.1% of the children who had both factors had recurrent febrile seizures. Thus, the recurrence rates clearly increase as the number of these factors increase. CONCLUSION: Two major risk factors for recurrent febrile seizures were identified:early onset(< or =18 months) and family history of febrile seizure. The risk of recurrent febrile seizures increased with the number of these risk factors increased. Consequently, children with both risk factors were considered to belong to a high risk group of recurrent febrile seizures.
Body Temperature ; Child ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors* ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile* ; Sodium

No abstract available.
Humans ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic* ; Rhabdomyolysis*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Extracellular uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) regulates a variety of biological functions in the airway epithelium including chloride and fluid transport, mucociliary clearance, and mucin secretion via P2Y purinergic receptors. This study was undertaken to investigate which P2Y purinergic receptors are expressed in the normal human middle ear epithelial (NHMEE) cells. We also determined the levels of mucin secretion and its mRNA expressions following stimulation with UTP. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The level of P2Y (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11 and P2Y12) receptors and mucin gene 5AC (MUC5AC), MUC5B, MUC8 messenger RNA (mRNA)s were measured by reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We also determined the levels of mucin secretion following stimulation with UTP by dot-blotting method in NHMEE cells. RESULTS: Middle ear epithelial cells expressed P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y6, P2Y11 and P2Y12 receptors but not the P2Y4 receptor. Apically applied UTP induced increased the mucin secretion. On the other hand, UTP did not enhance the mucin mRNA expression until 72 h had lapsed after treatment. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that UTP acts as a secretogogue on mucin secretion in NHMEE cells.
Ear ; Ear, Middle* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Epithelium ; Hand ; Humans* ; Mucins* ; Mucociliary Clearance ; Mucous Membrane ; Receptors, Purinergic ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger ; Uridine Triphosphate ; Uridine*