45 cases of proved renal cell carcinoma which were operated on during last 10 years between March 1972 and February 1982 in the department of Urology of Yonsei University College of Medicine were clinically observed with the reference to the operative morbidity due to the surgical incisions of both anterior transperitoneal approach (25 cases or 55%) and modified thoracoabdominal approach which is 11th-rib resection with extrapleural and transperitoneal exposure (20 cases of 45%). According to the experience with modified thoracoabdominal incision for the 17 radical nephrectomies and 3 open biopsies and through the review of the literatures, some results were obtained and summarized as follows. 1. Modified Thoracoabdominal approach is superior to the anterior transperitoneal approach for the operation of renal malignancy because of better exposure for the renal pedicle and upper pole as well as low morbidity rate (1:1.6). 2.We could also be sure by our self experiences of a few advantages of Modified Thoracoabdominal approaches as others reported previously. (1) An undisturbed intrathoracic space avoids a source of complications. (2) Because of adequate exposure of renal pedicle and upper pole even in the large renal tumor, operativemanipulation is easier and safer. (3) As muscle layers to be cut are not heavy, postoperative pain is less complained. The incision is also relatively simple to make and close. (4) Modified Thoracoabdominal approach is worth to apply to any urologic operations for the kidney and upper ureter. 3. In case tumor thrombi were involved in the supradiaphragmatic vena cava and vena caval resection is inevitable, either midline abdominal incision with sternotomy or conventional thoracoabdominal incision should be chosen rather than Modified thoracoabdominal approach.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Sternotomy ; Ureter ; Urology

A group of 180 men who visited Urology Department of Severance hospital, including 115 patients with nongonococcal urethritis (N.G.U.), 27 patients with prostatitis, 13 patients with gonococcal urethritis (G.U.) and 25 healthy medical student controls were investigated for the isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-strain mycoplasma) from the specimen of urethral discharge, urine and semen. Taylor-Pobinson media of T-broth and T-agar was used for the isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum. To the best of our knowledge, the study on the culture of Ureaplasma urealyticum was reported for the first time in Korea. The following results were obtained: 1. The isolation rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum in nongonococcal urethritis (53.0%) revealed highest of those in the other three groups of prostatitis, gonococcal urethritis and control (40.7%, 38.4% and 16.0% respectively). 2. As for the specimens, urethral discharge revealed higher isolation rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum (54.6%)than first voided urine (50.0%). 3. The more consorts patients had, the higher positive culture rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum were revealed. The isolation rate in case of more than one causal in nongonococcal urethritis (71.1%) revealed much higher than in case of marital only (42.8%), one regular (41.1%) and one causal (41.0%). 4. 18.7% of isolation rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum revealed in patients with nongonococcal urethritis who visited the clinic in later than 4 weeks after the symptoms developed. However, the isolation rate in patients who visited within 4 weeks revealed 58.9%. The lower isolation rate of Ureaplasma in the late treatment seekers might be probably due to the suppression effect against Ureaplasma urealyticum from the possible previous self antibiotic treatment. 5. Attachment of Ureaplasma urealyticum mostly to the neck and head portion of the spermatozoa seemed to play a role to affect the motility of sperms.
Head ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Neck ; Prostatitis ; Semen ; Spermatozoa ; Students, Medical ; Ureaplasma urealyticum* ; Ureaplasma* ; Urethritis* ; Urology

The present study was designed to elucidate the effects of rostral basal forebrain lesions on neuropeptide containing neurons in the cerebral cortex. Nine male Sprague-Dawley rats[250-300gm] received bilateral injections of ibotenic acid into the basal forebrain[A : +0.7mm, L : 2.3mm, D : 8.6mm] and additional five served as sham operated animals. Brains were removed at 8-14 days after lesioning and frozen coronal sections of 40 micrometer thickness were made. Immunohistochemical staining was performed against the somatostatin[SOM], neuropeptide Y[NPY], and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide[VIP]. No differences were observed in the number of the SOM-immunoreactive[SOM-ir] or NPY-ir neurons between the lesioned and the control groups. Density of the NPY-ir fibers also did not show any significant difference between the two groups. In contrast, the number of VIP-ir neurons in the frontal cortex was significantly reduced following the basal forebrain lesioning. These results suggest the functional relationship between the basal forebrain and the cortical VIP-ir neurons.
Animals ; Brain ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Humans ; Ibotenic Acid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurons* ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neuropeptides* ; Prosencephalon* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Somatostatin ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

BACKGROUND: Recently, there are so many newly developed equipments to detect blood gas analysis with serum electrolytes. And then, so many important parameters are quickly reported from laboratory department. So, many clinicians use the data to manage the critical patient. We attempted to detemine the correlation coefficient and adjustment equation. METHODS: Total 68 patients results of Na, K that are cheked using arterial whole blood(288 blood gas system) and venous serum electrolytes analyzer(NOVA 6) were evaluated and we detemined the coefficient of two methods from April to September, 1995. RESULTS: The correlations between the results obtained with NOVA 6 and that of 288 blood gas system were excellent for both Sodium and potassium(r>0.95, p<0.001 in both). In this study, we make the regression equation to adjust the differences between the two methods. Na : y=1.004190X+7.656643(r=0.9637, p<0.001) y=venous serum Na, x=arterial whole blood Na K: y=0.994831X+0.489631(r=0.9545, p<0.001) y=venous serum K, x=arterial whole blood K. CONCLUSIONS: Specimen(whole blood, serum), kind and content of heparin also affect the results of electrolytes. And then, the report of the result after adjustment of them using above equation will provide reinforcement of the efficacy of the results using arterial whole blood specmen. We recommend it especially for emergency laboratories for critical test.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Electrolytes* ; Emergencies ; Heparin ; Humans ; Sodium

Herpes simplex virus infections, with their increasing tendenes are one of the most common infectious diseases. But there have been no systematic investigations on the prevalence of HSV antibodies according to ages in Korea. We therefore decided to investigate this prevalence using micro-neutralization tests. Blood samples were collected from 502 randomly selected men and women, 5 months to 77 years of age who were outpatients or hospitalized patients at the Hanyang University Hospital between 1990-1991. Students at the Hanyang university college of medicine, and other volunteers were also tested. All of the serum samples were assayed for antibodies to HSV useing the microneutralization test. The Cos strain of HSV 1 and the YHS 2-1 strain of HSV 2 were use3 in our study. The antibody titers were expressed as the highest serum dilution causing 80% plaque reduction. The individuals with a neutralizing antibody titer of 1: 2 or higher to HSV 1 were regardel as having the antibody to HSV l. To determine HSV 2 antibody activity, the II/I index was used (II/I mdex : log HSV1 antibody titer/log, HSV 2 antibody titer, lI/I index >0.85) The results obtained were the followings : 1. HSV 1 antibodies were found at a relatively high rate in young a es and its prevalence gradually increased with age. 2. HSV 1 antibody titers iricreased with age. 3. HSV 2 antibodies were not found in children under 11 years of ae but were found in teenagers at a relatively low rate. The prevalence tended to increas with age. 4. HSV 2 antibody titers showed a higher value in those over 31 years of age.
Adolescent ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Child ; Communicable Diseases ; Female ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Outpatients ; Prevalence* ; Simplexvirus* ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Panniculitis, Peritoneal*

Epidermoid Cyst is a very rare benign neoplasm of the testis which represents about 1% of all testicular tumors. Ultrasonography findings of epidermoid cyst are so variable in reported cases that it is not eas y to diagnose preoperatively. The echogenecity of mixed echoic. it may show hyperechoic rim, and rarely shows target apperance. Target appearance may be a specific finding of epidermoid cyst, and it may be helpful to diagnose preoperatively. we describe a case of epidermoid cyst of the testis demonstrating double target sign on ultrasonography.
Epidermal Cyst* ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Testis* ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to assess the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the menopausal symptoms of Korean women by comparing the postmenopausal symptoms before and after HRT in women who continued therapy and those who stopped. METHODS: The subjects were 40 menopausal women(24 women on continuous medication, 16 women who discontinued medication) who received HRT and were alde follow of at least 2 months later in the Department of Family Practice. The menopausal symptoms were evaluated by two doctors according to the modified Kupperman Index. RESULTS: The basic values of Kupperman Index were not significantly different between women who had received the HRT continuously and those who discontinued HRT. In women with continued HRT improved symptoms after HRT were hot flushes, sweating, fatigue, headache, tachycardia and total score of Kupperman Index. However, only vertigo and headache were improved in women who discontinued HRT. Treatment period was the single most predictor of total score of Kupperman Index after therapy. And it could explain the 44.1% of variance of total score in the direction of improvement proportional to the treatment period. CONCLUSIONS: The HRT is helpful to relieve the menopausal symptoms. And the treatment period is more important than the severity of basic symptoms to improve menopausal symptoms after therapy.
Family Practice ; Fatigue ; Female ; Headache ; Hormone Replacement Therapy* ; Humans ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Tachycardia ; Vertigo

The heart, 500g in weight, with subacute myocarditis associated with granulomatous myocarditis may be a good model for the study on the pathophysiologic mechanism of cardiac failure. Furthermore, the clinical data of this case is enough to clarify his all clinical course from admission to death due to cardiac failure. So, we analyzed the clinical data, histologic findings, and morphometric pattern of histologically intact myocardial cells and inflammatory reaction to investigate the pathophysiologic mechanism of the cardiac failure. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Clinically, the heart showed cardiac failure of diastolic phase and abnormal conduction system related to sudden cardiac death. However, it might be adapted to the relatively stable wital signs due to pericardial positive pressure by slowlyprogressed pericardial effusion. 2. The distribution pattern of area of intact myocardial cell area and inflammtion reaction showed relatively even spread of inflammatory reaction and extremely decreased area of myocardial cells to about 21% of total heart. So, its contractility might be decreased below to the 21% of the normal cardiac contractility. 3. The mechanism of the cardiac failure in myocarditis may be sudden inflammatory involvement of conduction system and/or extremely decreased myocardial cell volume due to inflammatory destruction. 4. Morphometric analysis may be a useful objective method to grading the severity of old and recent form of myocarditis. From the above results, the cardiac failure of myocarditis is influenced by the adaptability at the inflammatory abnormality of the conduction system, contractility of injured myocardial cells, and compensation activity of pericardial effusion.
Cell Size ; Compensation and Redress ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Heart ; Heart Failure* ; Myocarditis* ; Pericardial Effusion