No abstract available.
Depression* ; Depressive Disorder

For the establishment of the basis of treatment and study in the patients of facial bone fracture, we performed a clinico-statistical study about 28 papers and 9564 cases reported as facial bone fractures in the journal of Korean association of oral and maxillofacial surgeons, the journal of the Korean academy of maxillofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery, and related journals. The results were as follows: 1. The ratio of men to women was 4.50:1. 2. The age frequency was highest in the third decade(37.6%), and fourth(21.5%), second(15.5%), fifth(10.3%) decade in orders. 3. The most common location of facial bone fractures was the mandible(62.7%), and zygoma complex (22.6%), nasal bone(15.0%), and maxilla(13.0%) were next in order of frequency. 4. The major etiologic factors were traffic accident(37.9% ), fisticuffs(26.4%), and falldown and slip down(23.4%). 5. The frequent fracture site of mandible is symphysis(39.3%), angle(24,4% ), and condyle(22.5%). The ratio of left to right was 1.31:1. Open reduction(69.1%) was the more frequently using method of treatment in mandibular fracture than colsed reduction (28.6%). 6. The sites of zygoinatic fractures were zygoma complex(48.0%), zygornatic arch(35.7%), and combined(16.3%). The left to right ratio was 1.37:1. 7. The most frequent maxillary fracture was Le Fort I (31.4% ), and Le Fort II (27.1%), unilateral(14.3%), Le Fort III (7.6%) were next in order of frequency.
Facial Bones* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Mandibular Fractures ; Maxillary Fractures ; Plastics ; Statistics as Topic* ; Zygoma

The effect of amiodarone on reperfusion arrhthmias after release of left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD) occlusion was studied in 22 anesthetized cats. All cats underwent 20 minutes LAD occlusion followed by reperfusion and amiodarone(20mg/Kg) or normal saline was given on cats which had reperfusion arrhythmias through the left ventricular catheter to observe the antiarrhythmic effect of amiodarone. And also the incidence and type of arrhymias during occlusion and reperfusion were analyzed. During the 20 minute LAD occlusion, 10 of 22 cats(45%) had no arrhythmias, and 12 cats(55%) had nonsustatined ventricular tachycardia. After release of occlusion, 5 of 22 cats(23%) had no arrthmias, and 17 cats(77%) developed sustained ventricular arrhythmias(ventricular tachycardia (n=5), ventricular fibrillation(n=12)). The 17 cats which had reperfusion arrhythmias were randomly divided and given normal saline(control(n=8)) or amiodarone(amiodarone group(n=9)). There was no difference on 2 groups. The reperfusion arrhythmias disappeared in 6 out of 9 cats(66.7%) vs none of 8 controls(P<0.01). We conclude that amiodarone seems to be the effective antiarrhythmic drug on reperfusion arrhythmias after release of LAD occlusion in anesthetized cats, and might be useful for the treatment of reperfusion arrhythmias in human.
Amiodarone* ; Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Catheters ; Cats ; Humans ; Incidence ; Reperfusion* ; Tachycardia ; Tachycardia, Ventricular

No abstract available.

Authors experienced a rare adenocarcinoma arising in presacral sacrococcygeal teratoma in a adult and herein reported. The patient was a 52 year old female admitted because of lower abdominal pain for 5 to 6 months. Past and familial history were unremarkable. On rectal examination a mass was palpated 3 cm above the anal verge. The large bowel was displaced by an extrinsic mass but there was no evidence of intrinsic tumor lesion on barium enema, CT was done and showed a large presacral tumor attached to the sacrum. Clinical impression was sacrococcygeal teratoma. Resected tumor mass was a relatively well circumscribed cystic mass, measuring 11 x 11 cm and the cystic content was previously evacuated. Inner surface showed ragged appearance, and focal nodular solid area was noted. On microscopic examination, the tumor revealed the derivatives of three germ layers and main components were tissues of respiratory tract. Sections from the solid area showed a well differentiated adenocarcinoma and with stromal, capsular and perineural invasion. Borderline malignant epithelial lesions are also noted suggesting the pathogenesis and progression of this tumor. There was no recurrence for one year after surgery in the follow up.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring has been examined for the evaluation of heart rate and longest pause in 34 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (20 patients treated with digoxin and 14 patients without treatment). Following results were obtained: 1. In 34 patients, the mean of average heart rates was 75.7±13.8/minute, fastest heart rates 148.0±32.4/minute, slowest heart rates 48.1±8.4/minute, difference between fastest and slowest heart rates in individual patients 99.9±29.0/minute and longest pauses 2.95±1.06seconds. The longest pauses of more than 4.0 seconds occurred in 4 of the 34 patients and made an exception of comparison groups. 2. In 27 of the 34 patients, ventricular premature contractures were developed and in 11 of 27, mainly occurred less than 100/24 hours and aberrant conduction occurred in all patients. 3. In 20 patients treated with digoxin (0.25 mg/day), the mean of average heart rates was 78.4±13.7/minute, fastest heart rates 152.5±33.1/minute, slowest heart rates 48.9±8.5/minute, difference between fastest and slowest heart rates in individual patients 103.6±31.7/minute and longest pauses 2.55±0.50 seconds. 4. In 10 patients without treatment, the mean of average heart rates was 78.0±10.7/minute, fastest heart rates 154.5±26.8/minute, slowest heart rates 50.6±7.1/minute, difference between fastest and slowest heart rates in individual patients 103.9±22.2/minute and longest pauses 2.66±0.39 seconds. 5. The difference of heart rates and longest pauses between patients with treatment and without treatment were statistically not significant (P>0.05). In summary, authors seemed to consider that 24-hour ambulatory ECG was useful and safe method for clinical evaluation of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation.
Atrial Fibrillation* ; Contracture ; Digoxin ; Electrocardiography* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Methods

It is well known that there is close relation of the left atrial pathology to atrial fibrillation(AF) in patients with mitral valvular disease. To evaluate such relation is existed or not in the right atrium, the right atrial wall biopsy was performed in 31 patients with mitral valvular disease during valve surgery. The specimens obtained were interpretated by the pathologist who had no information about the patients. The specimens were graded according to severity of morphological change. In Grade I, the atrial myocardium is degenerated and has moderate fibrosis in it. Grade II shows the atrial myocardial layer of the atrium and severe degenerated with pre and postoperative heart rhythm. Four patients had Grade I change and 3 patients among them had pre and postoperative AF. Eleven patients had Grade III changes and 9 among them had pre and postoperative AF. The results show there is strong tendency that the patients with pre and postopeative AF had Grade III change in the right atrium and the relation of the right atrial pathology to AF is same as that of the left atrium.
Atrial Fibrillation* ; Biopsy ; Fibrosis ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Myocardium ; Pathology*

A total of the 16 cases of rheumatic vavular heart desease were examined in order to compare fibrillatriy F wave with left atrial size and biopsy findings from October 1986 to April 1987 at the Ewha Womans University Hospital. The results were as follows : 1) Of the 16 patients, there were 5 males and 11 females. The mean age of the patients was 41.9+/-12.7 years old. 2) Among the 16 patients PTF-V1 was lesser than -0.04nn-sec, the left atrial size measured by M-mode echocardiography was 57.1+/-8.9mm. Inverse correlation between PTF-V1 and the left atrial size measured by M-mode echocardiography was observed(P<0.01). 3) No significant correlation between PTF-V1 and left atrial was found(P>0.01). 4) There was a tendency that the size of the left atrium was, the more degeneration, necrosis and fibrosis of the left atrial wall appeared through pathological findings.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Biopsy* ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Heart Valve Diseases* ; Humans ; Male ; Necrosis

To assess the role of multiple factors in influencing occurrence of ventricular premature complexes after acute myocardial infarction twenty-four hour Holter electrocardiographic tape recording were made in 40 survivors of an acute myocardial infarction 10 to 20days after attack. Ventricular premature complexes in the early post infarction period were not correlated with left ventricular function, age, sex, smoking, diabetes mellitus, previous angina, and previous myocardial infarction. The occurrence of ventricular premature complexes showed a positive correlation with the occurrence of ST-T change. The occurrence of ventricular premature complexes during sleep hours was compared to the awake state. In 22 patients, the incidence of ventricular premature complexes are excluded from analysis, the 22 of patients, or in 76 percent, sleep was associated with a lowered occurrence of ventricular extrasystoles.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Survivors ; Tape Recording ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Ventricular Premature Complexes*

The deleterious effects of infected urine refluxing into the collecting system are well documented. The resultant renal scarring, parenchymal atrophy and interference with renal growth and function are recognized sequela that may profoundly affect the future of these children. Prevention of reflux nephropathy depends upon early identification off reflux and appropriate management with continuous antibiotic chemoprophylaxis or surgical correction. The ultimate goal of therapy for vesicoureteral reflux, whether medical or surgical , aims at protecting the kidney from scarring, improving the pre-existing renal function and allowing the fulfillment of renal growth potential. We report 11 patients(19 kidneys) with vesicoureteral reflux treated with ureteroneocystostomy during the past 4 years. Follow-up over 3 months was possible in 9 patients who have had no evidence of recurrent pyelonephritic episodes. In 9 patients(15 ureters), performed postoperative I.V.P. and V.C.U.G., reflux was disappeared in 8(14 ureters) and still persisted in only 1(1 ureter) with grade I. And 13 kidneys have been improved radiographically, but 2 which had been shown unilateral atrophy and contralateral compensatory hypertrophy, have not been changed postoperatively. Renal scarring in 8 kidneys(42%), associated with severe reflux(more than grade IV) and infection, have not been improved postoperatively, but the development of new scars and the progression of established scars have not been observed.
Atrophy ; Chemoprevention ; Child* ; Cicatrix ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Kidney ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*