This study was performed to investigate the stimulating effect on oocyte maturation and cumulus cell expansion in TC199 media by human cord serum (HCS) supplementation. Immature mouse oocyte cumulus complexes (OCCs) were cultured in TC199 media supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA), HCS and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) instead of luteinizing hormone (LH) respectively, and the expression of cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation were observed. After 4hr and 24hr culture with or without OCCs, media containing 0.4% BSA, 10% HCS and 10 lU hCG respectively were collected and analyzed for changing concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone(P4), testosterone(T), and PGF2. There were no elevation of E2, T, and PGF2 by OCCs culture, but minute elevation of P4 level by 24hr OCCs culture in hCG supplementation (p=0.048). The stimulating pattern of cumulus expansion of OCCs by HCS and hCG supplementation was similar to our previously report using Ham's F-10 media, however oocyte maturation rates after 24hr OCCs culture in all media were increased by 20~30% compared to Ham's F-10 media. These results suggest that LH in HCS induce cumulus expansion probably by P4 secretion of OCCs, and TC199 is efficient media for immature mouse oocyte maturation.
Animals ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Cumulus Cells* ; Dinoprost ; Estradiol ; Humans* ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Mice ; Oocytes* ; Serum Albumin, Bovine

The posterior chamber intraocular lens(PC-IOL) implantation is the most effective method for adult cataract. In children, however, its use and effectiveness are still being debatd. To investigate the effect of PC-IOL implantation in unilateral pediatric cataracts, we analysed the results of visual acuities and refractive powers, the presence of complications, and the differences according to the types of posterior capsulectomy in 16 eyes of 16 children who underwent PC-IOL implantation and amblyopia treatment for unilateral pediatric cataracts. Postoperatively, nine eyes(56.3%) showed an improvement of visual acuities more than two lines on Han`s visual acuity chart. Average difference between target which was adjusted to the fellow eye and postoperative refractive power is -0.68diopters after at least 8 months follow-up. Four eyes in which had an intact capsule after surgery or were underwent posterior capsulectomy developed after-cataract, but not in eyes underwent posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy simultaneously. In unilateral pediatric cataracts, PC-IOL implantation, posterior capsulectomy, and anterior vitrectomy may give a good result for visual rehabilitation but the follow-up is necessary to evaluate the long-term safety.
Adult ; Amblyopia ; Cataract* ; Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Rehabilitation ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

The authors performed a retrospective review on 27 eyes of 23 children with vitreous hemorrhage, to assess the natural history, the outcome of vitrectomy and the important prognostic factors. Mean age was 3. 7 years(range: birth~13.5 years). The causes of vitreous hemorrhage included trauma(6 patients), retinopathy of prematurity(5 patients), persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous(4 patients)and others(8 patients). Spontaneous absorption of vitreous hemorrhage in 11 of 27 eyes was observed and took mean 2. 5 months. Sixteen eyes had undergone vitrectomy for persistent vitreous hemorrhage(mean duration: 3. 4 months). Follow up period was mean 32. 8 months(range: 20~79 months). Visual improvement was achieved in 70%of all patients and there was no statistical significance between spontaneous absorption group and vitrectomy group. Deprivation amblyopia was complicated in 7 of 9 patients whose visual acuity could be measured in both eyes. anisometropic myopia(> OR =2. 0 diopter)was observed in 7 of 14 patients. Our results supported that causes of vitreous hemorrhage in children was variable and early vitrectomy and postoperative correction with occlusion therapy might be essential in treatment of childhood vitreous hemorrhage.
Absorption ; Amblyopia ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Natural History ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

We measured the height and length of palpebral fissure, intercanthal distance and upward deviation of lateral canthus, and ovserved presence of double lid and epicanthal fold of 316 children who had no ocular disease except refractive anomaly by the use of standardized photographic method. We also analyzed the results according to the age, sex and the degree of refractive anomaly. The mean of central height of palpebral fissure was 8.0mm and the mean of maximal height was 8.1mm. In most of cases, the point where the height became maximal was at the center of the palpebral fissure and there was no difference accorging to laterality, sex, age and the degree of refractive anomaly. The length of palpebral fissure was 20.0mm in average and there was no difference according to laterality, sex and the degree of refractive anomaly, but it increased with the increasing age. The intercanthal distance was 33.8mm in average and increased with the increasing age but was not influenced by sex and refractive anomaly. The lateral canthus was deviated upward in relation to medial canthus by 5.90 in average and it was more deviated in female than in male. There was no difference according to laterality, age and refractive anomly, The double lid was present in 28.2% of total subject and it was equally frequent in male and female, and more frequent in the older age group. The epicanthal fold was present in 54.7% of total subject and there was no difference accrding to age and sex. Most of them were epicanthus tarsalis(56.1 %) and epicanthus palpebral is type.
Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Male

In the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity, it is necessary to coagulate retina including inner retinal layer to achieve regression. However, diode laser has long wavelength, thus damage to bruch`s membrane or choroid can occur when one attempts to coagulate whole retinal layers. We evaluated whether or not we could coagulate whole retinal layer without damage to Bruch`s membrane or choroid in rabbit eyes with indirect diode laser ophthalmoscopy. We palaced laser spots on retina of pigmented rabbits with various laser powers(150, 300, 500mW) and durations(0.3, 0.5, 1.0 second). Fundus photographs were taken immediately after photocoagulation. then we took fundus photographs and enucleated the eyes at one day, one week, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks after photocoagulation to perform pathologic examination. With laser setting of 150mW and 0.3 second, the coagulated retina revealed damaged outer layer but inner retinal layer was spared. We could coagulate whole retinal layer without any damage to Bruch`s membrane or choroid with laser power of 300mW and 0.3 second duration. In 300mW, 0.5 second laser burns and 500mW, 0.3 second burns, internal limiting membrane remained intact while Bruch`s membrane and whole retinal layers were damaged We found whole layer rabbit retina could be coagulated without damage to Bruch`s membrane and choriocapillaries with indirect diode laser opthalmoscopy. and we think it would be necessary to adjust laser power and duration in clinical situation to minimize possible deep tissue injury by diode laser.
Burns ; Choroid ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Light Coagulation* ; Membranes ; Ophthalmoscopy* ; Rabbits ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinopathy of Prematurity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the fundus findings, refractive error, strabismus, and visual outcomes in spontaneously regressed ROP patients, and to compare the results with that of the full term infants. METHODS: The medical records of 126 eyes in 67 spontaneously regressed ROP patients were retrospectively reviewed for refraction, IOP, ERG findings, fundus findings, and strabismus. Refraction and strabismus were compared according to active ROP stages and the presence of plus disease. Bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated for 40 eyes in 22 patients who were able to check the corrected visual acuity. RESULTS: All spontaneously regressed ROP patients had no cicatricial changes on fundus examination, and had normal IOP, and ERG findings. The incidence of myopia over 2.0 D and high myopia over 6.0 D was 18.2% and 7.1% respectively, and 10.5% had strabismus. Refraction and strabismus was not significantly different according to either active ROP stag or the presence of plus disease. For 40 eyes in 22 patients, 92.5% had BCVA 0.5 or better, and for 3 eyes with BCVA below 0.5, strabismic amblyopia and high myopia was the main cause of poor vision. CONCLUSIONS: All spontaneously regressed ROP patients had no cicatricial changes on fundus examination, and most of the patients had favorable visual outcomes. The incidence of myopia was not different from that of the term infants. The incidence of strabismus was higher than that of the term infants, but it was not different from that of the premature infants without ROP.
Amblyopia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Medical Records ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Femoral Neck Fractures* ; Femur Neck* ; Humans

In order to evaluate the components of the proliferative membranes in the retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), 8 proliferative membranes obtained from 8 eyes with ROP stage 5 during lensectomy, vitrectomy and delamination of membrane were examined under electron mIcroscopy. Among the 8 proliferative membranes of ROP, fibrous astrocytes, myofibroblasts, lymphocytes, macrophages, calcifications were respectively found in 2 cases, vascular tissues in 4 cases and abundant collagen matrix in 7 cases. While in the 2 cases with fibrous astrocytic proliferations the membranes were hypercellular, in the other 6 cases the membranes were hypocellular and mainly composed of collagen matrix.
Astrocytes ; Collagen ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Membranes* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myofibroblasts ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Vitrectomy

Lyodura(R) is a commercial name of a cleaned, desantigenized, desenzymatized, rendered free of pyogenics, sterilized by gamma rays, and lyophilized dura. Frontalis suspension with Lyodura(R) was performed on a total of 16 patients (21 lids) of congenital ptosis with levator muscle function of 3mm or less in the ptotic lid. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 39 weeks with a mean of 19.6 weeks. Postperative lid levels were judged good, fair, and poor. Good results occurred in 12 of 21 procedures (57.1%) and fair results in 6 of 21 procedures (28.6%). The summation of these two indicates an over all satisfactory result of 18 of 21 cases (85.7%).
Blepharoptosis/*congenital/therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Collagen/*therapeutic use ; Eyelids/surgery ; Humans ; Infant

To investigate the incidence, clinical findings and risk factors of retinopathy of juvenile diabetes, we retrospectively studied the medical records of patients from 1986 to 1997. We analysed 140 eyes in 70 patients underwent on annual indirect ophthalmoscopic examination and, when needed, a fluorescein angiography. After mean follow-up of 5.5 years, diabetic retinopathy was observed in 20 eyes(11 patients) and majority of them was mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. In three eyes(two patients) proliferative diabetic retinopathy was developed. The mean age of the diagnosis of retinopathy was 16.2 years and at the first detection of diabetes was 9.0 years. In the univariate analysis, the total duration of diabetes, the duration of diabetes after puberty, sex and hypertension were not related to diabetic retinopathy but the HbAlc level, family history, and microalbuminuria were related. These results show important considerations during follow-up examination of the fundus in juvenile diabetes.
Adolescent ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Diagnosis ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Puberty ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors