No abstract available

Understanding of brain morphology and magnetic resonance image(MRI) is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment of the brain diseases. As education tools, the cadaver dissection, plastic models, and neuroanatomy books have been used for understanding brain morphology; and the MRI films and radiology books have been used for understanding brain MRI. Recently, due to the popularization of powerful personal computers, computer programs compensating the conventional education tools have been used. But these computer programs have a disadvantage that it is not possible to visualize the details of brain morphology or to compare the corresponding sectioned specimens and MRI. Therefore, we attempted to make a computer program which could visualize not only the details of brain morphology but also the corresponding sectioned specimens and MRI by using the brains removed from Korean cadavers. Three brains were removed from Korean cadavers. With a brain, 122 MRI and 122 serially-sectioned specimens with an 1.4mm interval were acquired and inputted into the computer. Ten brain structures were segmented, and 83 fine structures were designated on the images. With two brains, 27 dissected specimens were acquired and inputted into the computer. One-hundred two fine structures were designated on the images. Based on these images, a computer program for understanding brain morphology and MRI was made. The computer program, which was made in this study, visualized the corresponding sectioned specimens, MRI, and segmented images after sectioning a brain horizontally or at any angles. In addition, the computer program visualized the images of dissected brain. This computer program is helpful to understand brain morphology and MRI. This computer program is expected to be used through CD-title or Internet as an educational tool for medical students and doctors.
Brain Diseases ; Brain* ; Cadaver ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Humans ; Internet ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microcomputers ; Neuroanatomy ; Plastics ; Students, Medical

Blood gas values corrected for temperature were compared to uncorrected values in 35 cases of open heart surgery and the following results were obtained. 1) The corrected pH values were higher than the uncorrected values, and a 1 degrees C decrease in the rectal temperatures resulted in an increase pH values by 0.013(Y=-0.013x + 0.504, p<0.01). 2) The corrected values for PCO2 were lower han the uncorrected values, and a 1 degrees C decrease in the rectal temperature resulted in a decrease in corrected PCO2 values by 1.256mmHg(Y=-1.256x + 49.267, p<0.01). 3) The corrected values for PO2 were slightly lower than the uncorrected values, and the differences between temperature corrected and uncorrected PO2 values had statistically significant, but clinically no significant correlation (Y=-3.236x + 133.075, p<0.01). 4) The differences between temperature corrected and uncorrected base excess values had no satistical correlation. 5) If the uncorrected pH values were maintained around 7.4 at any temperature then the corrected pH values at each temperature were very close to the theoretically ideal values (Y=-0.014x).
Heart* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypothermia* ; Thoracic Surgery*

No abstract available.
Abscess* ; Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Living Donors* ; Transplants*

Osteopetrosis is an uncommon hereditary bone disorder whose prominent radiologic feature characterized by increased bone density. The authors reported a 7-year-old male patient who referred from local dental clinic for dental problems such as early exfoliation of deciduous teeth(#54,73,83) and delayed eruption of permanent teeth(#31,41,36,46). The patient appeared as a poorly developed. Dental X-ray films showed early exfoliation of deciduous teeth, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, and rampant caries. Lateral view of skull demonstrated increased opacity of calvarium, facial bones, and skull base. Generally the skeletal density is greatly increased throughout all bones. Facial CT showed poor development of paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells. No hematopoietic and neurologic complications such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, blindness and deafness were found. Also mental retardation was not found. The final diagnosis of this case was a osteopetrosis tarda. Sometimes patient with osteopetrosis tarda may be developed dental problems prior to severe systemic symptoms. The dentist can be the first clinician to see the patient. It is very important for the dentist to have the knowledge of the osteopetrosis and to care the patient's dental problems to prevent complication such as osteomyelitis of jaws.
Anemia ; Blindness ; Bone Density ; Child ; Deafness ; Dental Clinics ; Dentists ; Diagnosis ; Facial Bones ; Growth Disorders ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Jaw ; Male ; Mastoid ; Osteomyelitis ; Osteopetrosis* ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Skull ; Skull Base ; Thrombocytopenia ; Tooth ; Tooth Eruption ; Tooth, Deciduous ; X-Ray Film

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The microbial adhesion on the surface of materials used in prosthodontics and restorative dentistry significantly influences microbial infection. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of how the degree of surface roughness of acrlyic resin affect the adhesion of bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Resins were finished with 50micrometerand 250micrometeraluminium oxide particles by using sandblaster, by using stone point, and high polished with Opal(R) and Lace motor(R). The surface of acrylic resin attached by bacteria was directly touched on the surface of BHI agar, which was incubated. Bacteria colonies formed on BHI agar were counted in accordance with the degree of the surface roughness. RESULTS: 1. The viable cell number of Streptococcus mutans increased on the acrylic resins incubated in BHI broth than in PBS. 2. The viable cell number of Streptococcus mutans increased on the acrylic resins incubated without agitation than with agitation, washed three times than six times, and incubated in broth added with 5% sucrose than without sucrose. 3. When Streptococcus mutans incubated in BHI broth, the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies formed on BHI agar was the largest on the acrylic resins finished with 250micrometeraluminium oxide particle using sandblaster. But when incubated in BHI broth containing sucrose, the number of colonies formed on that was the largest on the acrylic resins high polished using Opal(R) and Lace motor(R). 4. When Streptococcus sanguis was incubated in BHI broth with or without sucrose, the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies formed on BHI agar was the largest on the acrylic resins finished with 250micrometeraluminium oxide particle using sandblaster. 5. When Actinomyces viscous was incubated in BHI broth with or without sucrose, the number of Streptococcus mutanscolonies formed on BHI agar was the largest on the acrylic resins high polished using Opal(R) and Lace motor(R). CONCLUSION: These results indicated that when acrylic resins attached by bacteria were touched on the surface of BHI agar, the number of bacterial colonies formed on the agar was dependent on the bacterial species. Also, the result of this study was showed that increase in the surface roughness and the addition of sucrose increased retention of microbial cells.
Acrylic Resins ; Actinomyces ; Agar ; Bacteria* ; Cell Count ; Dentistry ; Dihydroergotamine ; Prosthodontics ; Streptococcus ; Streptococcus mutans ; Streptococcus sanguis ; Sucrose

Purpose: : Intensive care unit (ICU) diaries have been implemented across the international ICU community. This study aimed to comprehend the meaning and nature of the lived experience of patients’ families using the ICU diary in Korea. Methods: : This qualitative study adopted van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenology. The participants comprised eight women and two men who were the family members of patients in the ICU for more than three days. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and observation from July 2018 to January 2019. Results: : Patients’ families who experienced the ICU diary recognized it with six beings according to time: a good idea, forgotten stuff, burdensome work, touching service, my stuff, and a thing in the memory. The ICU diary had three essential meanings for the families: communication, solace and hope, and a record of life. These findings were rearranged according to van Manen’s fundamental existential, and the lived things and lived others were remarkably confirmed. Conclusion : Patients’ families experienced various ICU diary forms over time and recognized an ICU diary as a means of communication. Therefore, the ICU diary is expected to be used as an intervention between families and healthcare providers in the ICU to support mutual communication.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The follow-up strategy after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually depends on the experience of physician, resulting in frequent imaging studies, which leads to increased cost. Hence, we investigated the role of monitoring alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels after hepatectomy in patients with preoperative high AFP. METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2004, 66 patients who underwent curative hepatectomy due to HCC with preoperative AFP level >400 ng/mL were reviewed. Changes in AFP level after the operation were investigated. The recurrence was suspected in case of two consecutive increase of AFP over cut-off value. Cut-off value was determined by ROC curve. All patients were divided into 2 groups: patients who met the definition (Group S) and those who didn't (Group D). RESULTS: AFP level of 20 ng/ml was proposed as the cut-off value for diagnosis of recurrence by ROC curve. Thirty two patients who didn't have the AFP level decreased below 20 ng/ml after the resection had HCC recurred, whereas 16 out of 34 patients who had AFP decreased had tumor recurrence. The AFP level of patients without recurrence was kept below 20 ng/ml during the follow-up. The AFP level of 44 out of 48 recurred patients increased over 20 ng/ml upon recurrence. By definition, group D were 5 patients. In 4 patients of group D, the AFP level didn't increase above 20 ng/ml upon recurrence. These patients had HCC and they recurred 1 year after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with preoperative AFP level >400 ng/ml, the AFP level tended to increase above 20 ng/ml at recurrence mostly within 1 year. Hence, we proposed that these patients could be monitored by only AFP until 1 year after surgery.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality/radiography/*surgery ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/mortality/radiography/*surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality/radiography/*surgery ; ROC Curve ; alpha-Fetoproteins/*analysis

We evaluated the role of endoscopic laser therapy and strip biopsy in the treatment of gastric flat adenoma. Over a period of three years, l6 adenomas in 13 patients were ablated with laser irradiation, while 10 adenomas in 7 patients were removed with strip biopsy. The size of adenomas, which ranged from 0.5 cm to 3.5 cm in diameter(mean 1.7 cm) showed no significant difference between the two treatment groups. All of the adenomas were successfully treated with either method and no complications occurred such as bleeding or perforation. The overall one-year recurrence rate was 6.2%. The recurrent adenoma was retreated successfully. We conclude that both endoscopic laser therapy and strip biopsy are safe and effective modalities in the treatment of gastric flat adenoma, but strip biopay may be preferred over laser therapy because the former enables us to examine the resected specimen.
Adenoma* ; Biopsy ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Recurrence ; Stomach

We evaluated the role of endoscopic laser therapy and strip biopsy in the treatment of gastric flat adenoma. Over a period of three years, l6 adenomas in 13 patients were ablated with laser irradiation, while 10 adenomas in 7 patients were removed with strip biopsy. The size of adenomas, which ranged from 0.5 cm to 3.5 cm in diameter(mean 1.7 cm) showed no significant difference between the two treatment groups. All of the adenomas were successfully treated with either method and no complications occurred such as bleeding or perforation. The overall one-year recurrence rate was 6.2%. The recurrent adenoma was retreated successfully. We conclude that both endoscopic laser therapy and strip biopsy are safe and effective modalities in the treatment of gastric flat adenoma, but strip biopay may be preferred over laser therapy because the former enables us to examine the resected specimen.
Adenoma* ; Biopsy ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Recurrence ; Stomach