The purpose of this study was to find educational needs of toddler's mother in child-caring experience. The subject of the study was toddler's mother who visited one health care center in J city for immunization and had a child or children between twelve and thirty six months old. The subjects were 37 mothers. The instrument used for this study was a semi-structured questionnaire developed by researcher and based on Objective Content Test of Garretson(1967). The Collected data were analized by two researchers using the method of content Analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1) Of the large categories, the need of the highest frequency was 'prevention and management of disease and injury', that of the lowest 'growth and development'. 2) In 'physical care' category, 'care of sleeping' was the highest. In 'nutrition and eating-habitual management' category, 'weaning management' was the highest. In 'prevention and management of disease and injury' category, 'disease management' was the highest. In 'discipline and teaching' category, 'discipline' was the highest. 3) In comparison with preceding references, the educational needs of child-caring which had not been shown in preceding references but had been shown in this study were hair-caring, kind of weaning diet, method of cure and nursing, management of deformity, and so on. In conclusion, educational needs of toddler's mother in child-caring experience were matter-of-fact and inclusive. Needs in management of special situation such as disease were higher than usual parenting procedure or method. In addition, there were higher needs in questions happened through child-caring experience or confirmation of procedures practicing now. Then, it is suggested that parent education program should be developed on the basis of educational needs found in this study to be more effective in preparing mothers's child-caring.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diet ; Education ; Humans ; Immunization ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Parenting ; Parents ; Weaning ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Heart Defects, Congenital*

PURPOSE: To determine the plain film findings of acute neuropathic joint in diabetic foot. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute neuropathic joint in diabetic foot was considered when fragmentation of the articular ends of bone and subluxation of the affected joint developed within eight weeks after clinical onset of diabetic gangrene. Eight toes of six diabetics were satisfactory to our criteria. We analyzed plain radiographic findings of the affected joint and soft tissue, interval changes in follow-up radiographs, and deformities after healing. RESULTS: The time interval between clinical onset of gangrene and bone destruction ranged from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(mean 2.6 weeks). Plain radiographs showed fragmentation of the articular ends, subluxation, and soft tissue swelling of the metatarsophalangeal joint or interphalangeal joint. The significant feature of these patients was rapid progression of the lesions. Clinically, all patients had diabetic gangrene in affected toes, however, there was no evidence of osteomyelitis in our series. Amputation was done in 2 cases, and lesions in 3 of the remaining 4 cases were repaired spontaneously with regression of gangrene, leaving radiological residua such as pointed-end, tapered-end, and ball and socket deformity. CONCLUSION: Rapid disorganization of the joint with associated evidence of soft tissue gangrene in plain radiograph is believed to be valuable for the diagnosis of diabetic osteoarthropathy.
Amputation ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diabetic Foot* ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gangrene ; Humans ; Joints* ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint ; Osteomyelitis ; Toes

Conventional hemorrhoidectomy is still the main stairway to the treatment of the third or the fourth degree hemorrhoids. Among the various methods of hemorrhoidectomy, open hemonhoidectomy is claimed to decrease postoperative pain and wound infection, but to have disadvantage of long period of wound healing. Semi-closed hemorrhoidectomy has the advantage of rapid wound healing without increased risk of wound infection, but more painful postoperative course than open hemorrhoidectomy is suggested. To assess this conventional concept, two hundreds of patients were randomly allocated to either an open hemorrhoidectomy(Group 4, Operated by modified Goligher method, n=100) or a semi-closed hemorrhoidectomy(Group B, Operated by modified Nesselrod method, n=100), and postoperative results were analyzed. In group 4, the average time for disappearance of wound edema was 4.9days, average time for disappearance of wound pain was 9.0days, average time for painless defecation was 14.1 days, average time for complete wound healing was 28.4days. The main complications were overgranulation, skin tag, anal discharge and pruritus. The overgranulation requires curettage, the skin tags were resected under local anesthesia. Anal discharge and pruritus were spontaneously disappeared after the healing of the wound. In group B, the average time for disappearance of wound edema was 6.1 days, average time for disappearance of wound pain was 6.3days, average time for painless defecation was 9.2days, average time for complete wound healing was 20.7days. The main complications were skin tags, more prevalent than group 4, requiring resection under local anesthesia. No infectious complications were noted in both groups. Consequently, the old concept that open hemorrhoidectomy has advantage of less painful postoperative course than semiclosed hemorrhoidectomy cannot be accepted. Semi-closed hemorrhoidectomy offers more rapid loss of pain and more rapid healing of the wound than open hemorrhoidectomy, without increased risk of infectious complications. In conclusion, semi-closed hemorrhoidectomy is superior method to open hemorrhoidectomy in third or fourth degree hemorrhoids.
Anesthesia, Local ; Curettage ; Defecation ; Edema ; Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Wound Healing ; Wound Infection ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Acetabulum* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip*

There have been a few reports of occupational asthma caused by Tetranychus urticae in fruit farmers or greenhouse workers. We report a case of bronchial asthma induced by Tetranychus urticae from a pear orchard in Cheonan city. An 18-year-old female student living around a pear orchard suffered from intermittent cough, rhinorrhea, and dyspnea for the 3 years. Her PC20 -methacholine was 0.15mg/ml, and skin prick test done with 55 inhalant allergens showed negative responses except Tetranychus urticae extract which was prepared with highly parasitized pear leaves. Bronchial provocation test with Tetranychus urticae extract showed a dual asthmatic response. These findings indicate that Tetranychus urticae, which include parasites in fruit trees, herba,ceous plants, and greenhouse cultures, can cause IgE-mediated bronchoconstriction in Korea.
Adolescent ; Allergens ; Asthma* ; Asthma, Occupational ; Bronchial Provocation Tests ; Bronchoconstriction ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Korea ; Parasites ; Pyrus* ; Skin ; Trees

Vascular injuries in lumbar disc surgery are serious complications which may be overlooked due to a broad range of clinical manifestations. It is important to be aware of the perioperative implications of this rare occurrence to lower mortality risk. A 20-yr-old man with a right L4-5 lumbar disc protrusion was operated on routinely under a surgical microscope. A bloody surgical field was noted temporarily during a discectomy along with a decreased blood pressure. After fluid resuscitation with an ephedrine injection, the bleeding soon stopped spontaneously and his vital signs were stabilized. Fifty hours after the operation, the patient showed signs of hypovolemic hypotension with abdominal distension. The right femoral artery pulsation was absent on palpation. An enhanced CT angiography revealed a retroperitoneal hematoma and obstruction of the left common iliac artery. An urgent laparotomy was done to repair the injured vessel by excision and interposition of a graft. The patient had an uneventful recovery.The subacute course of deterioration might have been due to intermittent blood leakage from the lacerated common iliac artery, which was sealed spontaneously. It is very important to pay close attention to post-surgical clinical manifestations to avoid a potentially fatal outcome in lumbar disc surgery.
Angiography ; Diskectomy/*adverse effects ; Hematoma/etiology ; Humans ; Iliac Artery/*injuries ; Intervertebral Disc ; Lacerations/*etiology ; Lumbar Vertebrae/*surgery ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Two cases of Castleman's disease (Giant lymph node hyperplasia) are reported. The first case was a multicentric cervical giant lymph node hyperplasia. Excisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Castleman's disease of the plasma-cell type. Despite repeated dissection of the cervical lymph nodes, complete removal of the lymph nodes was impossible, and the type was changed into mixed type, and regrowth of the tumor was noted. Prednisolone was of no benefit. The patient is now living with cervical masses in situ without general symptoms, 4 years after the initial diagnopsis. The second case was a solitary retroperitoneal giant lymph node hyperplasia, incidentally found. Complete excision was performed and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Castleman's disease of hyaline-vascular type. No recurrence was found at 2 years after the excision.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neck ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of drooling in children with cerebral palsy and to determine their parents' needs for adequate treatment. METHOD: 107 children with cerebral palsy who attended to the pediatric rehabilitational treatment center were investigated whether they had the problems related with drooling. For the children with drooling, the severity of drooling was measured with subjective and objective measurement tools, and the types of cerebral palsy were classified. The parents answered to the questionnaire for several problems caused by drooling and whether they wanted treatment for drooling or not. RESULTS: 25 (23%) out of 107 children with cerebral palsy had drooling problems. 16 (64%) of them were spastic quadriplegic, which was the most common type. Parents of 17 (68%) drooling children had much uncomfortable feeling to drooling, and of 21 (84%) parents wanted treatment. In 21 (84%) children, their therapists felt difficulties during their treatment sessions due to drooling. CONCLUSION: 23% of children with cerebral palsy in rehabilitation clinic had drooling and most of their parents wanted treatment for drooling.
Cerebral Palsy* ; Child* ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Sialorrhea*

Pulsed or conventional radiofrequency (RF) denervation of the third occipital nerve (TON) is considered to be a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of pain originating from the cervical 2-3 facet joint, including cervicogenic headache. However, proper positioning of the RF probe in the TON can be difficult and time consuming due to the possible involvement of various lesions along the target nerve. We found that bipolar RF is easier to perform and more convenient than unipolar RF when administering a lumbar medial branch block. Here, we report the successful treatment of a patient with a cervicogenic headache by pulsed RF (PRF) denervation of the TON, using a bipolar probe. We believe that bipolar PRF denervation of the TON is an effective alternative to unipolar RF or PRF for the treatment of pain originating from the cervical 2-3 facet joint.
Denervation ; Humans ; Post-Traumatic Headache ; Zygapophyseal Joint