No abstract available.
Encephalitis, Arbovirus*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle*

No abstract available.
Seizures*

BACKGROUND: Many countries have been legally prescribing health warning messages on cigarette packages as a part of their national policy of smoking cessation. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness for smoking cessation of graphic health warning labels, and compare them with the existing health warning messages. METHODS: From February to December 2002, we surveyed 103 smokers who were college students of fine arts. After letfing them see the graphic health warning labels, the self recorded questionnaires were collected. RESULTS: The effectiveness for the smoking cessation of the existing health warning messages was evaluated low, despite its wide recognition. But there was no difference between the visual effect and the effectiveness for the smoking cessation of the graphic health warning labels. The graphic health warning labels were more effective for the smoking cessation than the existing health warning messages, and it was the same in the subgroup analysis such as sex, degree of recognition of disease, and non- smoking planning. CONCLUSION: To quit smoking, it is reasonably concluded that the graphic health warning labels on cigarette packages was very effective. Hereafter, it is recommended more useful designs of graphic health warning labels be developed.
Humans ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products*

BACKGROUND: The typical MRI features of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) are volume loss and increased T2 weighted signal intensity. Hippocampal volumetry and T2 relaxometry are useful quantitative methods for presurgical diagnosis of HS, especially in the cases of mild, bilateral or focal hippocampal atrophies. We investigated the value of a new quantitative method using FLAIR (Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery) MR images compared to those of visual inter-pretation and MR volumetry. METHODS: Forty-five patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 21 under-went volumetric MRI (T1-weighted, SPGR, T2 weighted, and FLAIR images). All patients underwent anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy., where visual analysis and hippocampal volumetry were performed. The absolute and normalized values of hippocampal FLAIR signal intensity [hippocampal FLAIR intensity/superior frontal FLAIR intensity=Hippocampal-Frontal Signal Intensity Ratio (HFSR)] were obtained from both normal subjects and patients with TLE. RESULTS: The pathology of resected hippocampus showed HS in all patients. Visual interpretation of presurgical MRI failed to lateralize HS in 10 patients (22.2%). Among these 10 patients, the HS was lateralized by HFSR method in seven patients (70%) [Five (50%) by right-to-left difference of HFSR and the other two (20%) by analysis of a longitudinal regional curve of HFSR] while it was further lateralized by hippocampal volumetry in only three. CONCLUSIONS: In presurgical evaluation of patients with TLE, the hippocampal FLAIR signal analysis appeared to be complementary to visual interpretation and MR volumetry.
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy ; Atrophy ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pathology ; Sclerosis ; Temporal Lobe*

Purpose: To investigate chorioretinal vascular changes in the non-surgical eyes of patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery under general anesthesia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Data from 40 patients who underwent retinal surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Ophthalmologic examinations (including OCTA) were performed in the morning before and after surgery. The presence of intraoperative hypotension (IOH; mean arterial pressure <70 mmHg) was determined based on medical records. The vessel density of superficial and deep retinal capillary plexus layers, choriocapillaris void features, and thickness of the choroid and retina were quantified after image processing. Associations between retinal OCTA parameters and anesthesia profiles were also assessed. Results: DCP vessel density was increased after general anesthesia (p < 0.05). Among the patients who experienced IOH, there was no statistical difference in chorioretinal vessel parameters before and after general anesthesia. Also, we did not observe a difference in chorioretinal vessel parameters after general anesthesia between healthy patients and patients with chronic disease, including hypertension and diabetes (p > 0.05). The duration of anesthesia and average size of the choriocapillaris void (p < 0.05, r = -0.32), and the intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) fluctuation and DCP, showed statistically significant negative linear correlations (p < 0.05, r = -0.38). The choriocapillaris void size and intraoperative MAP fluctuation also displayed a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05, r = -0.37), while the average size signal void showed a weak positive linear correlation (p < 0.01, r = 0.41; and p < 0.01, r = 0.44, respectively). Conclusions This is the first study to assess the effects of general anesthesia on chorioretinal vessels using OCTA. The Vessel density of the DCP was significantly increased in the non-surgical eye after total vitrectomy under general anesthesia. Furthermore, we found a correlation between MAP fluctuation and choriocapillaris void features. More studies are needed to confirm and expand on these observations.

PURPOSE: To analyze the learning objectives and test items for Fundamentals in Nursing which were established between 1999 and 2000 and to develop these items toward a nationwide faculty workshop for national board examination for Korean nurses. RESULTS: 1. According to Bloom's taxonomy, learning objectives established in 1999 mainly consisted of two domains, comprehension (56.1%), and knowledge (27.7%). The learning objectives established in 2000, mainly consisted of comprehension (45.2%) and application (25.4%). 2. According to McGuire's taxonomy, domain of test items established in 1999 consisted of recall (66.7%), interpretation (28.0%) and problem solving (4.9%). Domain of test items established in 2000, consisted of recall (65.1%), interpretation (22.0%) and problem solving (12.9%). 1) Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University 2) College of Nursing, Yonsei University 3) College of Nursing, Seoul National University 4) Department of Nursing, Kyung-Hee University 5) College of Nursing, Ewha University 6) College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea(corresponding author, Email: sky@catholic.ac.kr) 7) National Medical Center Nursing College 8) Red Cross Nursing College 9) Department of Nursing, Gachun Gil College 3. The proportion of learning objectives in the knowledge and comprehension domains established in 200, decreased from 27.7% to 13.5%, and from 56.1% to 45.2% respectively over that of 1999. But the domain of application increased from 5.3% to 25.4% over that of 1999. 4. With regard to McGuire's taxonomy, the proportion for the recall and interpretation domains established in 2000 decreased from 66.7% to 65.1%, and from 28.0% to 22.0% respectively. But the proportion for the problem solving domain increased from 4.9% to 12.9% over that of 1999. For type of test items, the proportion of A type established in 2000 decreased from 47.2% to 37.6%, and K type increased from 52.1% to 60.8% over that of 1999. CONCLUSION: The learning objectives and test items established in 2000 showed remarkable improvement compared to those established in 1999. For better learning objectives and test items in Fundamentals of Nursing, further research is recommended on essential content and standardization of job analysis for national board examination for nurses in Korea.
Classification ; Comprehension ; Education ; Electronic Mail ; Korea* ; Learning* ; Nursing* ; Problem Solving ; Red Cross ; Seoul

A case of gastric anisakiasis due to the larva of Pseudoterranova decipiences was con- firmed by a gastroendoscopic examination. A long whitish nematode larva invading the stomach wall (fundus) was discovered and was extracted using biopsy forceps after 3 days to the onset of symptoms. The worm was 42.6 X 1.1 mm size, and was identified as being a the 4th stage larva of P. decipiens, based upon its morphological characteristics, The patient, residing in Seoul, was a 51-year-old housewife, who complained of severe epi- gastric pain and recalled that she had previously eaten the raw flesh of an Astroconger myriaster in a Japanese restaurant (sushi Bar). This study probably emerges as the 7th human case of gastric anisakiasis of pseudoterranoviasis in Korea.
Anisakiasis ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biopsy ; Humans* ; Korea ; Larva* ; Middle Aged ; Restaurants ; Seoul ; Stomach ; Surgical Instruments

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine an adequate period of prophylactic antibiotics administration in order to prevent postoperative acute infection in total hip arthroplasty patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the periods of antibiotics administration was performed in 467 cases. They were divided into three groups: those who received antibiotics more than hours postoperatively (group I), up to 48 hours postoperatively (group II), and those received antibiotics only on the day of the surgery (group III). The antibiotics used was first generation cephalosporin empirically. RESULTS: An Infection occurred in 2 out of 229 cases in group I. One case had an acute superficial infection, which was treated with soft tissue surgery. Another case had delayed deep infection, which occurred 15 months after surgery. There was 1 case of an acute superficial infection out of 197 cases in Group had . There was no infections in the 41 cases in Group III. CONCLUSION: The prophylactic antibiotic effect in group III was similar to those in group I and II. The level of resistance, the number of drug side effects and the economic benefits can be improved by shortening the period of antibiotics use.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

Hypertension and atherosclerosis are the most important factors contributing to the development of aortic dissection. Primary aldosteronism is a rare cause of hypertension. The concurrence of aortic dissection is very rare in primary aldosteronism. However, when aortic dissection is found as a life-threatening complication of primary aldosteronism, then the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism is important because the therapeutic intervention can be curative. Only 3 cases of primary aldosteronism with aortic dissection have been reported in the literature. We report here on a case of primary aldosteronism with aortic dissection, which was treated by laparoscopic adrenalectomy. We lowered the blood pressure with antihypertensive drugs and potassium replacement was done to treat the aortic dissection. After stabilization of aortic dissection, we removed his left adrenal mass by laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Postoperatively, the patient's blood pressure has been within normal limits and the serum potassium increased to a normal level without supplementation. The aortic dissection has remained in a stable state
Adrenalectomy ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Pressure ; Diagnosis ; Hyperaldosteronism* ; Hypertension ; Potassium