The emergency arteriography have been performed in a total of 13 patiens with extermity trauma, including 9fractures, 3 blunting traumas, and 1 penetrating injury. over 17 months period. The indications were as follows:absent or diminishe pulse, swelling, sensory or motor deficit , and hypotension. Patients with an absent pulse,the most reliable indication of arterial injury, should have immediate arteriography. The superficial femoralartery was commonly injured especially with distal femoral shaft fracture. The most common arteriographic findingswas arterial occlusion.
Angiography ; Emergencies ; Extremities ; Humans ; Hypotension

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

BACKGROUND: It is well known that ischemic preconditioning protects the heart against infarction or arrhythmias from a subsequent ischemic injury. Recent laboratory data indicate that the adenosine during the ischemic period may trigger protection via A1 or A3 adenosine receptor and also protein kinase C(PKC) plays a central role. This study was designed to determine the role of adenosine receptor subtypes and PKC in the preconditioning protection. METHODS: All cat heart groups were subjected to 40min ischemia and 30min reperfusion. The preconditioning protocol consists of 4min ischemia and then 10min of reperfusion 4 times. The effects of ischemic preconditioning, nonselective adenosine receptor blocker(SPT), an A1 specific antagonist(DPCPX) and protein kinase C inhibitor(Polymyxin B), on ischemic preconditioning were determined by infarction size. There were 5 groups : (1) control group (Group 1, n=10)(2) Ischemic preconditioned group(Group 2, n=9)(3) DPCPX pretreatment group(Group 3, n=6)(4) SPT preteatment group(Group 3, n=6)(5) Polymyxin B pretreatment group(Group 5, n=6). SPT and DPCPX were given intravenously 5 min before ischemic preconditioning. Polymyxin B was administered to cats for 30min during ischemic preconditioning period. RESULTS: Ischemic preconditioning only or pretreatment with DPCPX prior to preconditioning demonstrated a significant reduction in infarct size(22.6+/-1.5, 25.4+/-0.9% infarction of the risk zone, respectively, p<0.05) with respect to control, SPT-pretreatment, and polymyxin B-pretreatment groups(44.0+/-1.7, 43.0+/-2.0 and 40.3+/-0.4% infarction of the risk zone, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic preconditioning protects heart from subsequent ischemia. Protection was blocked by SPT and protein kinase C inhibitor(polymyxin B), but not by A1 antagonist DPCPX. The cardioprotective effects by ischemic preconditioning in the in vivo cat heart appear to be dependent on A3 adenosine receptors and activation of protein kinase C.
Adenosine* ; Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Cats* ; Heart* ; Infarction ; Ischemia ; Ischemic Preconditioning* ; Polymyxin B ; Polymyxins ; Protein Kinase C* ; Protein Kinases* ; Receptors, Purinergic P1* ; Reperfusion

The aim of this vitro-study is to evaluate the effects of fluoride on remineralization of artificial dentine caries. 10 sound permanent premolars, which were extracted for orthodontic reason within 1 week, were used for this study. Artificial dentine caries was created by using a partially saturated buffer solution for 2 days with grounded thin specimens and fractured whole-body specimens. Remineralization solutions with three different fluoride concentration (1 ppm, 2 ppm and 4 ppm) were used on demineralized-specimens for 7 days. Polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope were used for the evaluation of the mineral distribution profile and morphology of crystallites of hydroxyapatite. The results were as follows : 1. When treated with the fluoride solutions, the demineralized dentine specimens showed remineralization of the upper part and demineralization of the lower part of the lesion body simultaneously. 2. As the concentration of fluoride increased, the mineral precipitation in the caries dentine increased. The mineral precipitation mainly occurred in the surface layer in 1 and 2 ppm-specimens and in the whole lesion body in 4 ppm-specimens. 3. When treated with the fluoride solution, the hydroxyapatite crystals grew. This crystal growth was even observed in the lower part of the lesion body which had shown the loss of mineral.
Bicuspid ; Crystallization ; Dentin ; Durapatite ; Electrons ; Fluorides

The abnormalities in Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis are associated with many psychiatric symptoms including depression. We present a report of a 71 year old man who was admitted to the psychiatric department presenting symptoms of headache, avolition, loss of energy, psychomotor retardation, poor appetite, insomnia, anxiety resulting from adrenal insufficiency and hypopituitarism. Hypothyroidism and electrolyte disturbance were managed and headache, insomnia, anxiety, GI symptoms were improved. But he remained in anergic state. After discharge, he was readmitted to infection department with high fever and drowsy mentality. Adrenal insufficiency was recognized and he was treated with corticosteroid replacement therapy. Finally his diagnosis was made as panhypopituitarism and overall symptoms were resolved. In this case, we showed how the atypical symptoms resulting from hypopituitarism develop and progress. Hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and growth hormone deficiency resulting secondarily from panhypopituitarism were associated with various nonspecific symptoms such as loss of energy, fatigue, insomnia, weight loss, decreased appetite etc. In clinical situation, differential diagnosis with depression is needed when clinicians were met a patient with these nonspecific symptoms. It is important that laboratory tests and differential diagnosis with endocrine diseases should be conducted, especially in geriatric patients with nonspecific symptoms like anergia, fatigue, poor appetite and so on.
Adrenal Insufficiency ; Anxiety ; Appetite ; Axis ; Depression ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Fatigue ; Fever ; Growth Hormone ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism ; Hypothyroidism ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Weight Loss

Two cases of congenital anterior urethral diverticula which have occurred in a 4 year-old and one month-oldboys are presented. Etiology, diagnostic procedures, and its clinical results are briefly reviewed.
Diverticulum

One of the important functions of nervous system is to supply the information related to the injury. Therefore, for various kinds of injuries, to feel pain is thought to be the part of this important function. There are A-fiber (Type I AMHs, Type II AMHs) & C-fiber (CMHs) which respond to the mechanical & thermal stimuli as the nerve fibers of peripheral unit performing this function. The phenomena expressed to us by these stimuli are those reaction like the in- crease of heart rate and the elevation of blood pvessure by stimulation of the autonomic nervous system as well as pain. As it is, using these reactions which are the most popular parameter of pain expression during anesthesia, we make the depth of anesthesia deeper or use analgesics as adjuvants. In general, there are many kinds of analgesics for adjuvants of anesthesia or for elimination of postoperative pain. To compare the efficiency of those analgesics toward pain, the authors studied the inhibitory effects of analgesics on the increase of pulse rate and mean arterial pressure evoked by the thermal and mechanical stimulations in rats. We used the agents popularly used in nowadays 1) Tramadol HC1, known as a potent analgesics, 2) Nalbuphine, antagonist of opioids, 3) Meperidine and Morphine, opioids to com- pare the efficiency of hemodynamic augumentation by the thermal and mechanical stimulations with the control group. The results were as follows', 1) The inhibitory effects on the increase in pulse rate and mean arterial pressure evoked by the stimulations were in the decsing order of morphine, meperidine, nalbuphine, and tramadoL 2) The inhibitory effect of morphine on the incmnent of pulse rate and mean arterial pressme was evident. 3) Meperidine and nalbuphine, not so much potent as morphine in inhibitory also inhibit to a considerable degree. 4) In the case of tramadol, the increament of pulse rate evoked by the stimulations were inhibited to some extent, but it was proven not to inhibit the elevation of mean arterial pressure.
Analgesics* ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Meperidine ; Morphine ; Nalbuphine ; Nerve Fibers ; Nervous System ; Pain, Postoperative ; Rats* ; Tramadol

One of the important functions of nervous system is to supply the information related to the injury. Therefore, for various kinds of injuries, to feel pain is thought to be the part of this important function. There are A-fiber (Type I AMHs, Type II AMHs) & C-fiber (CMHs) which respond to the mechanical & thermal stimuli as the nerve fibers of peripheral unit performing this function. The phenomena expressed to us by these stimuli are those reaction like the in- crease of heart rate and the elevation of blood pvessure by stimulation of the autonomic nervous system as well as pain. As it is, using these reactions which are the most popular parameter of pain expression during anesthesia, we make the depth of anesthesia deeper or use analgesics as adjuvants. In general, there are many kinds of analgesics for adjuvants of anesthesia or for elimination of postoperative pain. To compare the efficiency of those analgesics toward pain, the authors studied the inhibitory effects of analgesics on the increase of pulse rate and mean arterial pressure evoked by the thermal and mechanical stimulations in rats. We used the agents popularly used in nowadays 1) Tramadol HC1, known as a potent analgesics, 2) Nalbuphine, antagonist of opioids, 3) Meperidine and Morphine, opioids to com- pare the efficiency of hemodynamic augumentation by the thermal and mechanical stimulations with the control group. The results were as follows', 1) The inhibitory effects on the increase in pulse rate and mean arterial pressure evoked by the stimulations were in the decsing order of morphine, meperidine, nalbuphine, and tramadoL 2) The inhibitory effect of morphine on the incmnent of pulse rate and mean arterial pressme was evident. 3) Meperidine and nalbuphine, not so much potent as morphine in inhibitory also inhibit to a considerable degree. 4) In the case of tramadol, the increament of pulse rate evoked by the stimulations were inhibited to some extent, but it was proven not to inhibit the elevation of mean arterial pressure.
Analgesics* ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Meperidine ; Morphine ; Nalbuphine ; Nerve Fibers ; Nervous System ; Pain, Postoperative ; Rats* ; Tramadol

No abstract available.
Animals ; Female ; Horns* ; Humans ; Uterus*

Primary or isolated chylopericardium of unknown etiology is considered a rare cause of pericardial effusion. Its etiology is obscure but certain communication between the lymphatic system and pericardial sac was suggested. Up to 1991, there was only one case report that successfully showed the direct communication by a lymphangiogram. We report a case of chylopericardium occurring in a nearly asymptomatic 22-year-old man with no apparent history of trauma, infection or mediastinal neoplasm, in which we succeeded in visualizing the communication between the thoracic duct and pericardial sac by lymphangiography and computed tomography of the chest. A review of the previous cases is described also.
Adult ; Case Report ; Chyle/*metabolism ; Human ; Lymphography ; Male ; Pericardial Effusion/*metabolism/radiography ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed