No abstract available.
Uterus*

Kinship testing in forensic casework is largely based on a likelihood ratio (LR) approach with short tandem repeat (STR) markers; however, in order to efficiently identify potential relatives in a specific population, the threshold values for kinship prediction should be determined by analyzing the kinship index distributions of the population in question. In this study, 250,000 DNA profiles were simulated using allele frequencies at 20 autosomal STR loci in Koreans, then the LRs were calculated for true close relatives and unrelated pairs. The LR distributions in related and unrelated pairs under a given relationship were compared in 2 sets of 13 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) and 20 STR profiles. Using 13 CODIS STRs, true relatives in parent/child and full-sibling relationships were sufficiently discriminated from unrelated pairs with LR thresholds of 1,000 and 100, respectively. However, the CODIS STRs lacked the discriminatory power to differentiate between related and unrelated pairs in uncle/nephew and first cousin relationships due to high false-positive and false-negative rates with a LR threshold of 10. Increasing the number of STR loci to 20 increased discrimination of close relatives, but high false results remained in uncle/nephew and first cousin relationships. The kinship index data from this study will help make decisions on various kinship testing and familial searching in Koreans.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; DNA ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the rat cornea and lacrimal gland before and after corneal epithelial wounding. METHODS: Twenty-nine Sprague-Dawley male rats were used in the present study. Corneal trephination was performed using a 4.0-mm diameter trephine before scratch and at 24, 48, 72 hours after debridement. The lacrimal gland was excised before scratch and at 24 hours after epithelial debridement. NGF levels of the excised cornea and lacrimal gland were measured in rat corneas by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemistry staining was performed on rat corneas and lacrimal glands. RESULTS: The NGF/total protein ratio (NGF/tP) increased after wounding in the cornea and lacrimal gland. NGF levels in the cornea significantly increased in the wounded group until the 2nd day after wounding (p < 0.05). After NGF concentration peaked on the 1st day, there was a progressive decline after wounding. Additionally, the NGF concentration in the lacrimal gland of the wounded group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 24 hours after epithelial debridement (p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry staining showed that NGF staining was stronger in rat corneas and lacrimal glands after epithelial debridement than before. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of NGF increased in rat corneas and lacrimal glands after corneal epithelial wounding, which suggests that NGF may play an important role in corneal wound healing.
Animals ; Cornea ; Debridement ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Male ; Nerve Growth Factor ; Rats ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: To evaluate the cumulative incidence and estimate the risk factors of Nd:YAG capsulotomy due to posterior capsular opacification in adult cataract patients younger than 50 years of age. METHODS: In the present study we retrospectively reviewed 118 consecutive eyes that received phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. We analyzed the cumulative incidence of Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy and the associated risk factors. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of posterior capsulotomy was 4.24%, 5.08%, 8.47%, 15.25%, and 20.34% in adults younger than 50 years of age at 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, and more than 24 months after cataract surgery, respectively. The nuclear type (p = 0.021) and the mature type (p = 0.014) cataract groups were strongly associated with an increased risk of posterior capsulotomy compared with the posterior subcapsular type. The hydrophobic and single-piece intraocular lens caused the lowest incidence of posterior capsulotomy among intraocular lenses used for cataract surgery (p = 0.028). The subgroup analysis showed no statistical significance between gender, existence of diabetic mellitus or glaucoma, intraocular lens haptic material and the risk of posterior capsulotomy (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative incidence of Nd:YAG capsulotomy was 20.34% in adults younger than 50 years of age and at more than 24 months after cataract surgery. The risk factors associated with posterior capsulotomy included nuclear and mature cataract types. Additionally, there was a difference in the incidence of posterior capsulotomy according to the type of intraocular lenses.
Adult ; Cataract ; Eye ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between the differences in the ocular component values with the degree of anisomyopia. METHODS: Refraction, corneal power (CP), and biometry were examined in 50 myopic adults with refractive differences (RD) over 1.50 diopters (D). Ocular components were measured by ultrasound biometry and keratometry. The correlation between the differences in the ocular component values with the degree of anisomyopia was analyzed by linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Among 50 adults with anisomyopia, 5 had RD from 1.50 to 2.99 D, 11 had RD from 3.00 to 3.99 D, 9 had RD from 4.00 to 5.99 D, 12 had RD from 6.00 to 7.99 D, 7 had RD from 8.00 to 11.99 D, and 6 had > or =12.00 D. There was no significant correlation between the ocular components (CP, crystalline lens thickness [LT], and anterior chamber depth [ACD], and the length from the cornea to the posterior surface of the lens [ACD + LT]) and the RD (p > 0.05). The RD showed a significantly positive correlation with vitreous chamber depth (VCD), and axial length (r = 0.963, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The severity of anisomyopia was not correlated with the between-eye differences in the anterior chamber values of the eye (CP, ACD, LT, ACD + LT). The severity of anisomyopia was significantly correlated with the between-eye differences in VCD.
Adult ; Aged ; Anisometropia/complications/physiopathology/*ultrasonography ; Anterior Chamber/*ultrasonography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Acoustic/methods ; Middle Aged ; Myopia/complications/physiopathology/*ultrasonography ; Refraction, Ocular ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Fibrosis* ; Hypersplenism*

PURPOSE:Obesity is a common complication in children who were surgically treated for craniopharyngioma. We analysed body composition, metabolic parameters and evaluated for correlation between adiponectin and metabolic parameters in children who were surgically treated for craniopharyngioma. METHODS:Sixteen patients with craniopharyngioma (9 males, 7 females) were included in this study (patient group). The data of patient group were compared to those of children who visited the clinic for normal short stature with appropriate gestational age (14 males, 4 females) (control group). Height SDS, weight SDS, BMI were calculated. Total body fat, abdominal fat distribution were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, adiponectin, and insulin were measured after overnight fasting. The degree of insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR. RESULTS:Four of 16 patients were obese. and three were overweight. Patient group had higher total body fat percentage (27.5+/-6.8 vs 17.6+/-6.8, P=0.01), triglycerides (207.9+/-241.6 vs 76.7+/-30.8, P=0.001), lower HDL-cholesterol (37.5+/-14.6 vs 61.4+/-15.4, P=0.000) and adiponectin levels (7.1+/-4.2 vs 10.7+/-4.3, P=0.012). Adiponectin levels were correlated negatively with total body fat percentage (r=-0.631, P= 0.009), abdominal fat distribution (r=-0.547, P=0.03), triglycerides (r=-0.518, P=0.04), insulin (r=-0.525, P=0.037) and correlated positively with HDL-cholesterol (r=0.572, P=0.021). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that children who were surgically treated for craniopharyngioma, had tendency to develop obesity, dyslipidemia and Insulin resistance. Therefore, patients who were surgically treated, should be closely monitored to minimize the effect of metabolic syndrome on their health and well being.
Abdominal Fat ; Adiponectin ; Adipose Tissue ; Body Composition ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Craniopharyngioma* ; Dyslipidemias ; Electric Impedance ; Fasting ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Plasma ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of family stressors, family strains, general family values, family values for hospitalized children and family hardiness on family adaptation based upon McCubbin's family resilience model for families of hospitalized children in China. METHODS: A survey using a self-report questionnaire was conducted with 330 hospitalized children's parents. Six instruments were used in this model. The data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 19.0 and AMOS 19.0 program. RESULTS: Family strain had a significant negative direct effect, general family values and family hardiness had a significant positive direct effect, and family values for hospitalized children had a significant positive direct effect and indirect effect on family adaptation of hospitalized children. CONCLUSION: In this study McCubbin's resilience model and resiliency factors were identified. According to the finding of this study nursing interventions to reduce family stress, enhance family hardiness and consolidate general family values and family values for hospitalized children can help to increase family adaptation in families of hospitalized children. Therefore, the significance of this study is that the results can be used to develop family nursing intervention programs based on family resilience to strengthen family adaptation in families of hospitalized children.
Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; China ; Family Nursing ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Parents ; Sprains and Strains ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to evaluate the abnormalities in eating attitude and the correlations between ego-identity and self-esteem among the urban high school girls. METHODS: Four hundred and thirty-six high school girls were investigated by using Eating Attitude Test for Korean Adolescent(EAT-26), Korean Adolescent Ego-identity Scale(KA-EIS) and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scales(SES). According to the score of EAT-26KA, the high risk group was identified. We compared weight, height, body mass index(BMI), KA-EIS and SES between the high risk group and the control group. According to BMI, we identified a underweight, normal weight, and overweight group among subjects, and then we compared weight, height, EAT-26KA, KA-EIS, and SES among the three groups. RESULTS: By EAT-26KA scores, 10.3% of girls had abnormal eating attitude and were considered as the high risk group for eating disorder. By BMI, 3.7%(N=16) of girls was overweight(BMI>25), 69.7%(N=304) was normal weight, and 26.6%(N=116) was underweight(BMI<19). The high risk group showed lower SES scores and 'self receptiveness' of KA-EIS than the control group. The overweight group showed higher EAT-26KA scores than other two groups. There were no significant differences in SES and KA-EIS among the three groups. KA-EIS was positively related to SES, and EAT-26KA was negatively related to SES. CONCLUSION: The distribution rate of the high risk group for eating disorder is 10.3%, and the high risk group has low self-esteem and is poor in self-receptiveness. The overweight group is more likely to have higher EAT-26KA scores than other two groups. Therefore, it is useful to educate adolescents for the healthy eating behaviors and to provide them with the programs which promote the self-esteem and self-receptiveness.
Adolescent ; Body Height ; Feeding and Eating Disorders ; Eating* ; Feeding Behavior ; Female* ; Humans ; Overweight ; Thinness

The incidence of conjoined twins is so rare that few anesthesiologists have an opportunity of managing them. Especially in Korea, there are only a few reports describing the anesthetic management for surgical separation of newborn conjoined twins. We experienced the successful anesthetic management for surgical separation of thoraco-xiphopagus conjoined twins without any particular problems. After applying the noninvasive monitors (ECG, pulse oximeter), one of the twins (twinA) with congenital heart disease was administered with intravenous ketamine for induction of anesthesia and intubated without neuromuscular blocker. Anesthesia was maintained with N2O-O2 and hand ventilation using Mapleson D breathing circuit. After maintaining airway of the twinA, the twinB was intubated and maintained with the same manner. Eighteen days after the separation procedure, the twinA with congenital heart disease died and the other one, twinB has been alive with normal growth and development.
Anesthesia ; Growth and Development ; Hand ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Ketamine ; Korea ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Respiration ; Twins, Conjoined* ; Ventilation