The stability of the Knowles pinning in the intertrochanteric fractures of the femur was studied to determine which state would best support the load and compared with that of others. Experimental stable and unstable four-part fractures of the intertrochanteric region were produced by manual straight cut in 20 embalmed adult femora. These fracture were stabilized using accurate or inaccurate reduction combined with implant of Knowles pin parallel to calcar femorale or femoral neck. Those specimen were examined for the maximum load supported with the Universal Testing Machine. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Those femora of stable fracture with accurate reduction and Knowles pinning parallel to calcar femorale were failed by load of 140±13kg. 2. Those femora of stable fracture with accurate reduction and Knowles pinning parallel to femoral neck were failed by load of 120±11 kg. 3. Those femora of stable fracture with minimal displacement and Knowles pinning parallel to calcar femorale were failed by load of 110±10.4kg. 4. Those femora of unstable four-part fracture with accurate reduction and Knowles pinning parallel to calcar femorale were failed by 80±9kg.
Adult ; Femur Neck ; Femur ; Hip Fractures ; Humans

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality characteristics on drinking patterns and drinking-related problems. Subjects were selected through convenience sampling from the two universities in Kyung-Ki area. Data were collected from Nov. 1st to Dec. 20th 2000 using a structured questionnaire that including general characteristics, Q-F(Quantity-Frequency) Methods, Personality Scales and Drinking-related Problem Scales. The results of this study show 1. 50.8% of subjects were heavy drinkers. 2. Heavy drinker scores higher on drinking-related problems and amount of smoking than light drinkers. 3. The Drinking patterns and drinking-related problems of heavy drinkers were selected to the influence of a depressive-tendency in personality and the amount of smoking. The results of this study suggest that the drinking-related problems of male university students are selected to the influence of depressive and anti-social characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary that further study on various nursing interventions be done and that personality be taken into consideration in developing programs aimed of preventing drinking-related problems in heavy drinkers.
Drinking* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Male* ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Weights and Measures

The purposes of this study were to investigate the pathway which stroke patients take in seeking medical care and to identify factors which influence that pathway. This study was conducted by a survey. The subjects were 130 adults, who were diagnosed with a stroke between January and April of 2000. Data was collected by means of a interview, questionnaires, and an Activity Index. The result of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean age of subject was 61.58 years. Forty-nine percent were men and fifty percent were women. The majority of the subjects were married. For educational level, thirty-three percent finished elementary school, and twenty-three percent, high school. Most of the subjects reported "middle" economic status. Ninety-two percent lived with their spouse and children. The diagnosis for seventy-two percent was ischemic stroke and for twenty-two percent, hemorrhagic stroke. 2. The most frequent early sign of stroke was hemiplegia(43.3%), loss of consciousness (36.7%), dysarthria(33.3%). The type of hospital first used was a herb hospital (40.8%), or a western hospital(59.2%). The factors in their choice were; distance from the hospital to the place that the stroke occurred(47.5%), desire for a herb hospital(15.8%), and an invitation (12.9%). The ischemic stroke patients preferred herb hospitals, but hemorrhagic stroke patients preferred a western hospitals. 3. The pattern of stroke patients seeking medical care was that forty-three percent of stroke patients pass through step 1, forty-six percent, through step 2, and 8.5% through step 3. The more steps, the higher the use of herb hospitals. 4. The factors influencing the pathway of stroke patients seeking medical care were diagnosis, and level of consciousness. Ischemic stroke patients used herb hospitals, more frequently hemorrhagic stroke patients, who used western hospitals. The alert patient preferred a herb hospital, but stupor patients preferred a western hospital. 5. The Activity Index was not related to the pathway which stroke patients used in seeking medical care.
Adult ; Child ; Consciousness ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Spouses ; Stroke* ; Stupor ; Unconsciousness

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify health risk behaviors in adolescents according to grade in school and to offer basic data to develop a health promotion for adolescents. METHODS: A descriptive survey design was used and the SPSS 12.0 program was used for the data analysis, which included Chi-square test and Spearman correlation coefficients. The instrument for this study was based on the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: The results indicate that adolescent have an average of 2 risk behaviors out of 10 health risk behaviors categories. There are various types of risk behaviors, which are different for each grade, such as physical fights, using alcohol, using heroin, weight control, and the lack of AIDS education. Physical fights, and the lack of AIDS education are common in the 9th grade, using alcohol, heroin, and weight control are common in the 11th grade. Physical fights were correlated with using cigarettes and sexual intercourses. Using alcohol was correlated with using cigarettes, heroin, sexual intercourses and weight controls. Using heroin was correlated with sexual intercourse and weight control. CONCLUSION: For the promotion of health in adolescents, different approaches to health education and prevention of health risk are needed for each grade because the health risk behaviors differ between grades.
Adolescent* ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Coitus ; Education ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Health Promotion ; Heroin ; Humans ; Risk-Taking* ; Statistics as Topic ; Tobacco Products

PURPOSE: this study was to describe patient learning needs and the relationship between health promoting behavior and health concept with women with disabilities. METHODS: A descriptive survey design was used and the SPSS 11.0 program was used for data analysis, which included t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients. The women (n=50) were in-patients in a rehabilitation center. RESULTS: The study results indicate that they had high levels of patient learning needs and the most important information for patient learning needs was support and care. Patient learning need was correlated with health promoting behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study give useful information to construct further studies in educational programs and rehabilitation nursing care and to support a healthcare system for women with disabilities.
Delivery of Health Care ; Disabled Persons ; Female ; Health Behavior* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Learning* ; Patient Education as Topic ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Rehabilitation Nursing ; Statistics as Topic

A validation of the nursing diagnosis "fluid volume deficit" was completed by using the diagnostic content validity method. Articles pertaining to fluid volume depletion were reviewed to identify the signs and symptoms used to describe the nursing diagnosis. The topics addressed in the articles included hypovolemic shock, hemorrhage, trauma, fluid balance, hydration, burn injury, thirst, dehydration. A validation instruments was constructed of 52 signs and symptoms. A validation tool was examined by expert nurses group who work on intensive care unit, kidney transplantation unit, internal medicine and general surgery unit. The study sample rated the signs and symptoms on a scale from one to five, evaluating their relevance to this diagnosis. Of the 52 signs and symptoms on the validation tool, 10 were categorized as critical indicators and 34 were categorized as defining characteristics.
Burns ; Dehydration ; Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Intensive Care Units ; Internal Medicine ; Kidney Transplantation ; Nursing Diagnosis* ; Nursing* ; Shock ; Thirst ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

This study was performed ta evaluate difference of colposcopic findings between carcinoma in situ and microinvasive carcinoma. From August l, 1988 through November 30,1989, the conixation was undertaken in 138 patients. We compeied colposcpic findings with hiatologic diagnoiis on 1656 seetions. Comparison between the microinvasive carcinorna and the carcinoma in situ groups showed a significant higher incidence of large exoeervtcal lesion size(>3/2 33.9% vs. 1.2%), circumscribved location around external cervical os.(75.0% vs, 51.2%), combined abnormal colposcopic findings(19.6/a vs. 3. 7%) and deep endocervical involvement( >lcm : 23,2% vs. 7. 3%). (P<0.01) Granular area was showed 11% incidence of the worst histologic diagnosis.
Carcinoma in Situ* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence

Although the results of foldable intraocular lens are generally excellent, there are several complications. After cataract surgery with silicone lens, the patients with vitreoretinal surgery using silicone oil have not only visual acuity decrease, but also visual abberations such as halos and rainbow patterns. To report a newly defined complication, we studied the silicone lens-silicone oil interaction. The nonimplanted ilicone, acryl and PMMA lens, ten cases each, had been incubated in silicon oil at 36C for 9 months. After removal from the oil, each lens was examined and photograp hed by scanning electron microscopy every week. Appearance of lens surface and degree of adherence of the silicone oil to each IOL`s optic were estimated. Oily residue on the PMMA and acryl lens was removed easily and shown clear surface. In case of silicone lens, presence of distinct film or coating of oil was shown on the surface of both the optic and haptic component of IOL`s. They could not be removed with mechanical pressure with injected balanced saline solution and the oily residue remained strongly adherent to the optic surface. After 9 weeks, gelly-like adherence was appe ared on the silicone lens surface. As a result, the use of silicone IOL`s in patients with current vitreoretinal disease or those who are at high risk for future vitreoretinal disease that may require silicone oil as part of the therapy should be reconsidered.
Cataract ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Silicone Oils* ; Sodium Chloride ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreoretinal Surgery

No abstract available.
Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Collagen Type IV* ; Female ; Laminin*