PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging findings of cerebral venous angiomas, and to compare those findings with those of cerebral angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the findings of gadolinium-enhanced MR images of 11 cases with angiographically proved cerebral venous angiomas. We obtained Tl-and T2-weighted images with gadoliniumenhanced Tl-weighted images at a 0.5 T MR imager with a spin-echo technique. We analyzed the location and signal intensity of the lesion, pattern of contrast enhancement, the distribution of draining veins and medullary veins before and after contrast enhancement, and then compared with the findings of cerebral angiography. RESULTS: The characteristic central tubular signal void structure showed low signal intensity on Tl-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images in all cases. After gadolinium enhancement, we could find a characteristic enhancement of all medullary and central veins in 7 cases. CONCLUSION: Gadolinium-enhanced MR image was useful in the diagnosis of venous angiomas especially in the detection of medullary veins. The invasive cerebral angiography could be replaced by this technique in this disease.
Central Nervous System Venous Angioma* ; Cerebral Angiography* ; Diagnosis ; Gadolinium ; Gadolinium DTPA* ; Hemangioma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Veins

No abstract available.
Action Potentials* ; Adult* ; Humans ; Median Nerve* ; Ulnar Nerve*

BACKGROUND: Histamine, released from mast cells in atheromatous plaque, has been known to cause cardiac ischemia or sudden cardiac death in atherosclerosis patient. Previous reports have suggested that histamine induced coronary vasoconstriction was due to increase in IP(3) and DAG, which induce release of Ca2+ from SR and increase the Ca2+ sensitivity of contractile element via activation of PKC. Recently, it was reported that application of histamine cause depolarization of intestinal smooth muscle, which may contribute to histamine-induced contraction via augmenting Ca2+ influx through activation of Ca2+ channels. However, the underyling mechanism of histamine-induced depolarization and its contribution to the magnitude of coronary vasoconstriction are still uncertain. METHOD: To elucidate the underlying mechanism of Ca2+ influx change during histamine-induced vasoconstriction, we examined the effect of Ca2+ channel antagonist and PKC blocker on histamine-induced contractions, and then measured the effect of PKC antagonist on whole cell K+ current using patch clamping method in rabbit coronary smooth muscle cells. RESULTS: Application of histamine induced phasic and tonic constraction of coronary rings via activation of H(1) receptors. Pretreatment of Ca2+ channel antagonist (nifedipine, 1 microM) or PKC blockers (10 nM staurosporine and 10 microM Go6976) markedly inhibited histamine-induced tonic contraction, which suggest that the magnitude of tonic contraction depend on the Ca2+ influx. Application of 4-AP, a blocker of voltage-dependent K+ channels, increased resting tone of coronary rings, and combined treatment of nifedipine blocked this 4-AP induced increase of resting tone. Application of active analoge of DAG (1,2-DiC(8)) significantly inhibited the activity of voltage-dependent K+ current in single smooth muscle cell, meanwhile the inactive analogue of DAG (1,3-DiC(8)) has no apparent effect on the activity of voltage-dependent K+ current. Furthermore, pretreatment of calphostin C (1 microM), a blocker of PKC, diminished the 1,2-DiC(8)-induced inhibition of K+ current. CONCLUSION: PKC dependent inhibition of voltage-dependent K+ current may be responsible for the maintaining of histamine-induced tonic contraction in rabbit coronary artery.
Atherosclerosis ; Constriction ; Coronary Vessels* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Histamine ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Mast Cells ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Nifedipine ; Protein Kinase C ; Staurosporine ; Vasoconstriction

Teramethylammonium(TMA) in one of the synthetic compounds of nicotine that act at ganglionic site. The major action of TMA consists of initial stimulation followed by a more persistent depression of all autonomic ganglia by binding to a cholinergic receptor. It is well believed that the level of membrane potential in arterial smooth muscle is an important regulator of tension development. Depolarization and hyperpolarization by only few millivolts results in significant changes in tension. In general, the agents of vascular smooth muscle induce vascular relaxaion. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of TMA on vascular contractility in the isolated rabbit thoracic aorta with or without endothelial cell, and mechanisms involved in the change of vascular contractility by TMA. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1) In the presence of endothelial cell, TMA induced a relaxtion of the aorta precontracted with norepinephrine but induced a contraction in the aorta without endothelial cells, indicating that in the rabbit aorta, relaxations produced by TMA were the endothelium-dependent. 2) The addition of inhibitor such as methylene blue, hemoglobin, hydroquinone and p-bromophenacyl bromide during the TMA-induced relaxation reversed the contractile tension to a level similar to or higher than that before the addition of TMA in rabbit thoracic aorta.This relaxation effect of TMA suggest that the TMA-inducdd relaxation in rabbit aorta is due to the release of endotheline derived relaxing factor(EDRF). 3) Relaxation induced by TMA was antagonized by atropine and thus the TMA does seem to act on the muscarinic receptors. 4) TMA reduced the norepinephrine-induced Ca++ influx into rabbit smooth muscle membrane. From the above results, it may be concluded that TMA-induced vacular relaxation in rabbit aorta is due to the release of EDRF. Mechanism involved in the relaxation induced by TMA may be the stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase and increased tissue cGMP concentrations.
Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Atropine ; Depression ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelins ; Endothelium ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors* ; Ganglia, Autonomic ; Ganglion Cysts ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Membrane Potentials ; Membranes ; Methylene Blue ; Muscle, Smooth ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Nicotine ; Norepinephrine ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; Relaxation

No abstract available.
Carrier State*

No abstract available.
Thrombocytosis*

In order to assess the physical growth pattern of Korean Youth, the authors measured the body height, chestgirth and sitting height of 40967 persons (24832 males and 16135 females) from primary schools, middle and high schools and colleges of metropolitan (urban) and rural areas, and calculated the mene, standard deviation, standard error and coefficient variance of the body weight chestgirth, sitting height and various pertinent index by body height to demonstrate the standard physical growth and development by body height of sex and age. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. Physical growth and development: Rapid growth of physical growth in terms of body height has been observed among males in the age 7-15 and among female 7-13. Growth in terms of body height turned out to be slower among students of higher age by both sexes. The age of cross over between to sexes is between 10 to 13 years where upon girls out grows boys. Maximum annual growth were upon girls out grows boys. Maximum annual growth were both of 6.16cm from 8 to 9 years old and 12 to 13 years old for boys and 7.2cm from 8 to 9 and 6.1cm from 9 to 10 for girls. This indicates that girls enter a rapidly growing stage 2 years earlier than boys. Meanwhile, prominent improvement in body height of national students over period of ten year was noticed. 2. The distribution status of body height by age: The distribution status of body height by age were as follows; 7 year of age: boys-30cm range of body height from 104.0cm to 133.9cm, girls-27cm from 104.0 to 130.9cm, 8 year of age: boys-30cm from 116.0 to 145.9cm, girls-33cm from 113.0 to 145.9cm, 9 year of age: boys-30cm from 116.0 to 145.9cm, girls-33cm from 113.0 to 145.9cm, 10 year of age: boys-39cm from 116.0 to 154.9cm, girls-39cm from 119.0 to 157.9cm, 11 year of age: boys-45cm from 119.0 to 163.9cm, girls-39cm from 122.0 to 160.9cm, 12 year of age: boys-45cm from 125.0 to 169.9cm, girls-42cm from 125.0 to 166.9cm, 13 year of age: boys-45cm from 128.0 to 172.9cm, girls-42cm from 128.0 to 169.9cm, 14 year of age: boys-48cm from 131.0 to 178.9cm, girls-36cm from 134.0 to 169.9cm, 15 year of age: boys-42cm from 137.0 to 181.9cm, girls-33cm from 137.0 to 169.9cm, 16 year of age: boys-39cm from 146.0 to 184.9cm, girls-30cm from 143.0 to 172.9cm, 17 year of age: boys-39cm from 146.0 to 184.9cm, girls-27cm from 143.0 to 169.9cm, 18 year of age: boys-36cm from 152.0 to 187.9cm, girls-27cm from 146.0 to 172.9cm, 19 year of age: boys-30cm from 155.0 to 184.9cm girls-24cm from 146.0 to 169.9cm, 20 year of age: boys-24cm from 158.0 to 181.9cm girls-18cm from 149.0 to 166.9cm, 3. Standard values of body weight, chest-girth and sitting height by body height of age were found all age groups from 7 to 20 years old and listed in tables from 3-a to 16-a. 4. Standard values of relative body weight, relative chestgirth and relative sitting height by body height of age were found all age groups from 7 to 20 years old and listed in tables from 3-b to 16-b. 5. Standard values of physical and nutritional indices (Rohrer index, Kaup index, Vervaeck index and Pelidisi index) by body height of age were found all age groups from 7 to 20 years old and listed in tables from 3-c to 16-c.
Adolescent* ; Body Height* ; Body Weight ; Child ; Female ; Growth and Development* ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Assessment ; Young Adult

At the preliminary survey of Seosan demonstration project for integration of family planning and maternal and child health service, 6 questions about morbid conditions of all household members were included. Definition of morbid condition used at the survey was self-conceived physical or mental infirmity which had been caused by diseases or accidents, resulting in obstacles to ordinary daily life for past 30 days. Analyzing those morbidity data, the following results were obtained. 1. The morbid person rate was 192.2 per 1,000 persons and the morbidity rate 214.2 per 1,000 persons. 2. The percentage of household which had at least one morbid person was 61.9% and average number of morbidity per one household was 1.1. 3. Analyzing the 1st morbid condition of the total 4,433 morbid persons, morbidity rate of male was 194.6 per 1,000 persons and that of female was 189.8 per 1,000 persons. 4. The highest age specific morbidity rate was that of 0~4 years of age, and it was 304.3 per 1,000 persons. The lowest was that of 10~14 years of age and the rate of 93.8 per 1,000 persons. 5. The following was the order of five major diseases which were classified according to 17 International Classification of Diseases. (1) Symptoms and Ill defined conditions : 17.3% (2) Disease of the Digestive system : 15.7% (3) Infections and Parasitic disease : 14.3% (4) Disease of the Respiratory system : 13.7% (5) Disease of the Nervous system and sense organs : 9.4%. 6. 30 leading morbid conditions were described in Table III-2 and which composed 70.6% of total morbid conditions. 7. The percentage of the morbid conditions of which duration was longer than 90 days was 40.5%. 8. Of the total 4,433 morbid persons, 4,394 morbid persons responded for the morbid condition management method. Of those, Hospital & clinic (35.3%), drug store (40.0%), herb drug store (3.6%), health center (2.2%) ware selected for the 1st place or method for management morbid condition, and 18.0% did not search for morbid condition management.
Child ; Child Health Services ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Digestive System ; Family Characteristics ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Male ; Nervous System ; Parasitic Diseases ; Respiratory System ; Sense Organs

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the relationships of the types of nurse staffing, the competency of nursing performance and job satisfaction by analyzing the types of nurse staffing in operating room. METHOD: The subjects were 472 nurses who work in operating room. The instruments used in this study were three tools: competency of nursing performance, job satisfaction and type of nurse staffing. RESULT: Type 4 was most in the type of nurse staffing of the subjects. According to the type of nurse staffing, the competency of nursing performance was significantly different. There was significant difference in the competency of nursing performance according to age, marital status, bachelor, employ, position, and career, and job satisfaction according to age, position, and career. In opinion about the ideal type of nurse staffing, type 2 was most regardless of career. CONCLUSION: Type 4 which has lower competency of nursing performance was adopted in many hospitals now but, type 2 which has highest competency of nursing performance was selected by many nurses as the best one. So, it should be considered the type of nurse staffing of in operating room and change it.
Job Satisfaction* ; Marital Status ; Nursing* ; Operating Rooms*

The author had experienced 67 cases of blepharoptosis to be operated, such as anterior approach (Berke, 33 cases), posterior appoach (Iliff, 24 cases) and frontalis suspension with 2-0 supramid (10 cases) from March 1967 to Dec. 1978. To obtsurgical results in blepharoptosis, it is necessary to select the appropriate operation for each case according to levator function, degree of ptosis and its etiology and the others. In cases of 5 mm or more levator function, the author attempted to resect the levator muscle through Iliff's posterior approach; but in cases of beween 3 mm and 4 mm, levator resection through Berke's anterior approach for indication of ptosis repair was selected. On the other hand, in cases of 2 mm or less levator function, frontalis suspenion was done with 2-0 supramid. "With levator resection decided upon, how much in to be resected levator muscle considering levator function and condition of its aponeurosis in each case. The results were as follows: 1. The sex distribution was in ratio of 3:2 with 36 females and 24 males. 2. In cases of unilateral ptosis, left lid was higher incidence than right lid. 3. The majority of the patients (72% of all cases) was operated between the second and the third decade. 4. The highest incidence of degree of ptosis was 3-4 mm which comprised 61% of all cases. 5. The levator functions were as follows; below 3 mm ... 34.3% (23 cases), between 4 mm and 7 mm ... 44.8% (30 cases). above 8 mm ... 25% (14 cases). 6. The good and fair surgical results were as follows; Iliff's posterior approach ... 58.3% (14 case), Berke's anterior approach ... 75.5% (25 cases), Frontalis suspension ... 29.1% (7 cases). 7. Undercorrection (12 cases, 18%) was the most common type of postoperative complication. In 12 cases of this complication, the author noted 8 cases in Iliff's posterior approach. 8. It was concluded that good surgical indications for blepharoptosis were Iliff's posterior approach with above 8 mm levator function, Berke's anterior aproach with above 3 mm levator function and frontalis suspension with below 3 mm levator function.
Blepharoptosis* ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Nylons ; Postoperative Complications ; Sex Distribution