No abstract available.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia*

No abstract available.
Pierre Robin Syndrome*

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to analyze the level of serum amino acids according to the sex, birth weight, gestational age in neonates. METHODS: Amino acid was measured by tandem mass spectrometry from the dried blood spots. We measured serum alanine, citrulline, glycine, methionine, ornitine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine levels in 172 neonates admitted to the NICU at Chungnam National University hospital from March 2003 to September 2003 and the data was analyzed according to the sex, birth weight, gestational age. RESULTS: There were no differences of serum amino acid level between term and preterm neonates according to the sex. However, there were significant statistical differences in serum amino acid level according to the birth weight (> or =2,500 g vs. <2,500 g) and gestational age (> or =37 weeks vs. <37 weeks). The level of alanine, citrulline, glycine, methionine, ornitine, tyrosine, valine, leucine was low in under 2,500 g (P<0.05), and in preterm neonates (P<0.05). Especially, preterm neonates under 1,800 g had low levels of valine and leucine (P<0.05). The serum levels of methionine, ornitine, valine, leucine were low in neonates with gestational age of less than 34 weeks (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Awareness of low serum amino acid levels in preterm neonates is essential to improve nutritional supplements and catch-up growth.
Alanine ; Amino Acids ; Birth Weight ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Citrulline ; Gestational Age ; Glycine ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Leucine ; Methionine ; Phenylalanine ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tyrosine ; Valine

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Vitamin K Deficiency* ; Vitamin K* ; Vitamins*

This study was done to analyze research trends and to suggest future directions for nursing research on the quality of life (QL) in Korea. The purposes of this study were to describe systematically 10 years of QL nursing, and to identify patterns of tools and significant variables on studies of QL. This article reviewed 71 nursing researches on QL between 1987 and 1996, by examining them according to the period of publication, research for a degree or not, research design, type of subjects, data collection methods, measurement instruments and range of reliabilities, type of nursing intervention, and association of QL and related variables. The findings of the analysis can be summarized as follows: 1. The number of studies related to QL increased from 1987 to 1994. But they have decreased since 1995. 48 of them(67.6%) identified surveys and correlational studies. 2. In all the titles of the studies, there were 7 types of concepts, including QL, quality satisfaction, life satisfaction, and well-being. Among them, QL was the most often used. 3. The subjects of 21 studies were healthy people. In 49 studies, patients had various illnesses. The majority of the patients were hemodialysis patients and cancer patients. Questionnaires were used for data collection in 58 studies. 56 studies were done for the thesis of a degree, while those in the remaining studies were not for degrees. 4. The research designs were various, except in the thesis for a doctorate. There were many more experimental studies(57.1%) done in the thesis for a doctorate. 5. The types of intervention were categorized as exercise(6), supportive care(3), reminiscence (2), relaxation(1), music(1), and hospice care(1). 6. As measurement tools, 14 types of tools relating to QL were used. 11 of them were composed of multiple dimensions. Among them, the QL Scale by You-Ja Ro(1988) was the most widely used in the studies. In the following, the Life Satisfaction Index by Jin Yun(1982), the Quality of life Scale of National Conference of Cancer nursing (1983), and the Life Satisfaction Index by Wood, Wylie and Sheafor(1969) were used. The reliabilities of the QL Scale were reported in 63 studies, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients were over 0.7 in 60 cases. The quality of life scales included five dimensions; such as physical, psychological, social, economical, and spiritual dimensions. 7. There were two categories of factors influencing the quality of life: First, factors that cannot be changed by nursing intervention were; age, educational level, gender, marital status, income, employment status, occupation, number of family members, religion, and illness history. Second, factors that can be changed by nursing intervention were; physical activity, health status, the presence of complications, support, self-esteem, stress, self-efficacy, activities of daily life, physical strength, satifaction with life, and anxiety. Types of nursing intervention used to improve quality of life were; therapies in relaxation, exericse, reminiscence, and family support, social support, and hospice care. On the basis of the above findings, the following recommendations were made: 1. Further studies on the quality of life instruments of analysis are needed to provide an understanding of dimensions of life in detail. 2. A Meta-analysis needs to be conducted to identify intervention effects on the quality of life. 3. A tool development study is needed to measure the quality of life appropriately in different illnesses 4. More replicated analysis studies of QL are needed to prove the effect of variables on the QL.
Anxiety ; Data Collection ; Employment ; Hospice Care ; Hospices ; Humans ; Korea* ; Marital Status ; Motor Activity ; Nursing Research* ; Nursing* ; Occupations ; Oncology Nursing ; Publications ; Quality of Life* ; Relaxation ; Renal Dialysis ; Research Design ; Weights and Measures ; Wood ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Carcinogenesis* ; Oenothera biennis*

Paraquat (1, 1'-dimethy-14, 4' dipyridium chloride: Gramoxon(r)) was first discovered in England in 1955. It has been widely distributed for use in Korea since 1970 as a pesticide and also often the cause of accidental intoxications. The authors would like to report the following case of paraquat intoxicatio in a 13 year old female child admitted via emergency room with complaints of epigastric pain, vomiting and hematuria of four days duration. On admission the data of laboratory evaluation were as follows: BUN/Cr 126/11.6 mg/dl; sGOT/sGPT 641/641 IU/L; total bilirubin/direct bilirubin 3.9/2.4 mg/dl; alkaline phosphatase 396.1 U/L; fecal occult blood test-positive; pH 7.428, pCO2 26.2 mmHg, pO2 131.4 mmHg, base excess -5.0 mmol/L on arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA). Gastroendoscopy revealed esophageal ulcers, and as symptoms of renal failure could not be relieved by hemodialysis, kidney biopsy was performed on the otherwise previously healthy child to establish the cause of renal failure. The result of biopsy revealed tubular necrosis with eosinophilic infiltrations. A more detailed retrograde probe of the child's past medical history evoked that the patient had ingested paraquat in a suicidal attempt. Supportive therapy and hemodialysis were continued thereafter, but the symptoms of renal failure could not be reversed, and the patient eventually died due to acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Adolescent ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bilirubin ; Biopsy ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Child ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; England ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney ; Korea ; Necrosis* ; Occult Blood ; Paraquat* ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Ulcer ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Exercise myocardial perfusion scans in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopa-thy have shown reversible perfusion abnormalities with unknown clinical significance. We performed this study to characterize dipyridamole Tl-201 SPECT imaging and correlate with clinical findings in patients with hyper-trophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Tl-201 SPECT was performed in 25 patients of hypertrophic cardiomyopa-thy with asymmetric septal hypertrophy and 20 normal controls after dipyridamole infusion (0.56 mg/kg). Myocardial wall was divided into 8 segments. Tl-201 uptake and relative washout rate were calculated. RESULTS: Tl-201 SPECT showed significantly lower Tl-201 uptake in basal septal (81.3+/-3.4% vs 78.2+/-6.4%, p<0.05) and apical septal wall on stress (88.2+/-4.7% vs 83.9+/-6.5%, p<0.05) and higher apical septal (86.6+/-5.2% vs 89.2+/-3.1%, p<0.05) and apical anterior wall uptake (88.7%+/-4.0% vs 91.4+/-4.9%, p<0.05) on redistribution images in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Basal lateral wall uptake of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was significantly lower than normal control on both stress (84.7+/-3.5% vs 81.2+/-7.3%, p<0.05) and redistribution images (85.0+/-5.8% vs 76.8+/-7.2%, p<0.0001). The septum/lateral uptake ratio of patients on rest image was significantly higher than that of normal controls (0.98+/-0.07 vs 1.07+/-0.10, p<0.001). There was no difference in age, sex, symptom, cardiac medication and the parameters of 2D-echo including left ven-tricular outflow obstruction between subgroups of normal vs abnormal washout in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION: Dipyridamole Tl-201 myocardial SPECT shows reduced coronary vasodilatory capacity of myocardium, especially septum in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. High septal/lateral uptake ratio on redistribution image may be a characteristic finding. However, no correlation between abnorm-al Tl-201 washout and clinical findings was observed.
Cardiomyopathies ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic* ; Dipyridamole* ; Humans ; Myocardium ; Perfusion* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

The objective of this study was to compare early child care center teachers' attitudes for meal and snack guidance between Sweden and Korea. Participants were 251 early child care center teachers (Sweden: 134, Korea: 117) working in Goetebory, Sweden, and Seoul, Korea. The survey was conducted from December in 2003 to February in 2004. SPSS programme was used for statistical analysis. Sixty five point eight percent of the Korean early child care center teachers provided a certain amount of foods for children. But 20.9% of Swedish provided a certain amount of foods for children, 79.1% of them provided the amount a child wanted. Sixty one point seven percent of Korean teachers allowed a child leave foods on the plate, but 95.5% of Swedish teachers asked a child eat all food on the plate. When a child didn't want to eat, 61.1% of the Korean teachers fed him/her, but 11.0% of the Swedish teachers did. Only 42.4% of the Swedish teachers allowed a children eat sweets, but 92.9% of Korean did. The Swedish teachers' perception for food guidance were eating by child himself/herself > washing hands before eating > having appropriate table manner > eating as talking with friends > not playing during the meal time, while the Korean teachers' was taking various food > having appropriate table manner > eating by child himself/herself, not playing during the meal time > washing hands before eating. The Swedish teachers thought 'eating as talking with friends' and 'eating by child himself/herself' is important, where as the Korean's did 'eating without making noise', 'not playing during the mealtime' in the eating behavior. For 'brushing teeth after meal' the Swedish teachers' score (1.5) was lower than the Korean (4.2). The results is necessary to improve meal and snack guidance for Korean early child care center teachers' education.
Child ; Child Care* ; Child* ; Eating ; Education ; Feeding Behavior ; Friends ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea* ; Meals* ; Seoul ; Snacks* ; Sweden* ; Tooth