No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Psychotherapy, Brief*

No abstract available.
Checklist* ; Child ; Child Behavior* ; Child* ; Conduct Disorder* ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Asperger's disorder (AD) in children are associated with attentional problems, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulties with social interactions. Pharmacological treatment may alleviate symptoms of ADHD, but seldom solves difficulties with social interactions. Social skills training (SST) may assist in improving their social interactions. We examined the effects of SST on children's social competences, general behavior, and ADHD symptoms. METHODS: Thirty four children, aged 7 to 12 years, participated in the cognitive behavioral SST program once a week at the outpatient division of child-adolescent psychiatry. SST was composed of 24 sessions (ninety minutes) for 6 months. Twenty-five children were diagnosed with ADHD, and 9 children were diagnosed with AD. Parents of the children rated Korea-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), Conner's rating scales, Korean-ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS), Social Skill Rating System (SSRS), and Matson's Social Skill Rating Scale as an evaluation of the treatment effect, before the first session and after the final session of the training. RESULTS: The ADHD group showed significantly increased scores of social and social competence of CBCL and SSRS. Further, scores of externalizing problems of CBCL, CRS, and ARS were significantly decreased. The Asperger's group showed significantly increased scores of social competence of CBCL, SSRS, and MESS. There was a significant difference of the improvement in CBCL's school and total behavior problem score, CRS between drug change group and no drug change group. CONCLUSION: The result of this study suggests that SST is effective in improving social skills for children with ADHD and AD. In addition, SST has shown its effectiveness in treating attentional problems for children with ADHD. To prove objective usefulness of SST, further studies with a more structured design and long-term duration along with a sufficient number of AD participants will be necessary.
Asperger Syndrome* ; Checklist ; Child* ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Interpersonal Relations ; Mental Competency ; Outpatients ; Parents ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: The early onset of mood symptoms in bipolar disorder has been associated with poor outcomes in many studies. However, aspects of the clinical course of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents are controversial. The goal of this article is to review the clinical characteristics and longitudinal course of children and adolescents with bipolar disorders. METHODS: Searches were conducted in MedLine, PsycINFO, KISS, and RISS using the terms phenomenology, clinical course, outcome, BPD, pediatric, children and adolescents. Twenty-one reports were selected : either original articles reporting symptoms and clinical characteristics of subjects (ages 5-18 years), or published articles in reviewed journals about bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. RESULTS: Approximately 70% of subjects with bipolar disorder recovered from their index episode, and 50% had at least 1 syndromal recurrence, particularly depressive episodes. For 60% of the follow-up time, subjects had syndromal or subsyndromal symptoms with numerous changes in symptoms and shifts of polarity. Approximately 20% of BP-II subjects converted BP-I. CONCLUSION: Bipolar disorders in children and adolescents are characterized by episodic illness with subsyndromal and syndromal episodes with mainly depressive and mixed symptoms and rapid mood changes. Extensive follow-up time is needed to evaluate the continuity of bipolar disorder symptoms from childhood to adulthood.
Adolescent ; Bipolar Disorder ; Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated factors related to suicide in high school students and focused on perceived academic performance. METHODS: We surveyed 293 grade 10 high-school students in Jeju and Gyeonggi provinces and gave them self-assessment questionnaires. To evaluate the suicide risk, the questionnaire included questions about suicidal thoughts, plans, threats, deliberate self-injury, and suicide attempts from the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI). Also, it included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Locus of Control Scale (LOC), Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale (RSE) and Perceived Academic Performance (PAP) to identify factors related to suicide in high school students. RESULTS: Depression, hopelessness, and low self-esteem were related with suicidal thoughts, plans, attempts, and severe suicidal ideation (SSI score> or =16). In the multivariate analysis, a low level of PAP (OR=3.796, 95%CI 1.280-11.257) was significantly associated with severe suicidal ideation (SSI score> or =16). Deliberate self-injury was most prevalent in failing the PAP group and also having a high level of PAP (OR=6.161, 95%CI 1.474-25.760). CONCLUSION: The authors found that the suicide risk of high school students is related to depression, hopelessness, low self-esteem and a low level of PAP. These results provide significant indicators in planning an adolescent suicide prevention program.
Adolescent ; Depression ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Multivariate Analysis ; Self Concept ; Self-Assessment ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated factors related to suicide in high school students and focused on perceived academic performance. METHODS: We surveyed 293 grade 10 high-school students in Jeju and Gyeonggi provinces and gave them self-assessment questionnaires. To evaluate the suicide risk, the questionnaire included questions about suicidal thoughts, plans, threats, deliberate self-injury, and suicide attempts from the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI). Also, it included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Locus of Control Scale (LOC), Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale (RSE) and Perceived Academic Performance (PAP) to identify factors related to suicide in high school students. RESULTS: Depression, hopelessness, and low self-esteem were related with suicidal thoughts, plans, attempts, and severe suicidal ideation (SSI score> or =16). In the multivariate analysis, a low level of PAP (OR=3.796, 95%CI 1.280-11.257) was significantly associated with severe suicidal ideation (SSI score> or =16). Deliberate self-injury was most prevalent in failing the PAP group and also having a high level of PAP (OR=6.161, 95%CI 1.474-25.760). CONCLUSION: The authors found that the suicide risk of high school students is related to depression, hopelessness, low self-esteem and a low level of PAP. These results provide significant indicators in planning an adolescent suicide prevention program.
Adolescent ; Depression ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Multivariate Analysis ; Self Concept ; Self-Assessment ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Meditation is one of the psychological therapeutic techniques that can be applied to many conditions, including stress reduction. Meditation can be an alternative to overcoming the limitations of existing therapies, including medication. In particular, this can be helpful for children who have limitations in using medication due to brain development and limitations of psychotherapy, which is done mainly by language. Previous studies have shown that mindfulness meditation helped enhance attention, increase the coping ability, reduce stress, and reduce depression and anxiety in children and adolescents, but there is insufficient evidence to use it as a primary treatment. A larger number of well-controlled studies will be needed to obtain an evidence base for expanding clinical application.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted in order to investigate the influences of school violence on the mental health of student victims and their parents. METHODS: A total of 56 (aged 7-18) student victims and their parents were selected to participate in a survey. The students had experienced school violence from June 2012 to October 2013. They completed a set of self-report questionnaires, including socio-demographic characteristics, family relationship, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Child Depression Inventory (CDI), Beck Depression Inventory, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, and Parental Bonding Instrument to evaluate psychiatric complications and to understand the emotional bonding between them. RESULTS: The student's level of impact of event was significantly related to the parent's level of impact of event (p<.001). The student's high CDI score showed positive correlation with high level of impact of event (p<.001). In addition, higher level of the student's perceived emotional support and understandability of family showed association with lower level of impact of event (p<.01, p<.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the psychiatric sequelae of school violence is seriously affected by family support and parent's level of impact of event. Therefore, more active intervention is needed for both students and their parents.
Child ; Depression ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Manifest Anxiety Scale ; Mental Health ; Object Attachment ; Parents* ; Violence*

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a severe iatrogenic complication of treatment with antipsychotic medication. The aim of this review is to provide the clinical characteristics and treatments of children and adolescents with NMS. Searches were conducted in Medline, Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), and Research Information Service System (RISS). Sixteen case reports and two review articles were selected in Medline, and two Korean cases reported in department of emergency medicine and pediatrics were selected from RISS. Heterogeneous and atypical presentations of NMS were observed in children and adolescents. Some noticeable differences were observed between adult patients and child patients with NMS. In addition, symptom presentations related to atypical antipsychotic agents differed from those of typical ones. In treatment, bromocriptine and benzodiazepine were recommended for management of symptoms. In particular, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was a useful treatment option. For prevention and early detection of NMS in children and adolescents, evaluation of risk factors and understanding of diagnostic features of NMS are very important.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Benzodiazepines ; Bromocriptine ; Child ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Emergency Medicine ; Humans ; Information Services ; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ; Pediatrics ; Risk Factors