To elucidate the effect of copper on the 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene(3'-MeDAB) induced hepatic carcinogenesis, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups according to 3'-MeDAB and copper administration: I. noraml control, II. copper only, III. 3'-MeDAB only, IV. 3'-MeDAB plus copper. The animals of groups III and IV were fed experimental diet containing 0.06% 3'-MeDAB. Copper was administrated intraperitoneally in a dose of 0.5 mg, twice a weak. Animals were sacrificed at different intervals. Liver weight, hepatic copper content and gross and microscopical changes of the liver were examined and the cell kinetics of various lesions in the hepatic carcinogenesis was studied by applying the immunohistochemical method for bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU). The hepatic copper content was significantly increased in animals given copper but returned to the normal value after cessation of adminstration. 3'-MeDAB administration caused oval cell proliferation and produced hyperplastic nodules, cholangiofibrosis and carcinoma of the liver. Simultaneous administration of copper did not alter the incidence of 3'-MeDAB induced lesions, except for carcinoma. The liver weight and the size of hepatic nodules and masses were smaller in group IV than in group III. The liver weight as well as the nodularity and the mass formation continued to increase affect cessation of 3'-MeDAB administration. Copper did not affect the BrdU labelling indices of the hepatic lesions induced by 3'-MeDAB. The oval cell proliferation and the BrdU labelling indices of the oval cell and the hyperplastic nodule were decreased, but the incidence of cholangiofibrosis and its BrdU labelling index were still elevated after cessation of 3'MeDAB administration. These findings indicate that copper could delay the developement of 3'-MeDAB induced hepatic lesions, but not suppress, since copper does not stay long enough to accumulate in the rat liver, and that copper could not affect the proliferation of 3'-MeDAB induced hepatic lesions once developed.
Rats ; Animals ; Incidence

A 45-year-old woman presented with a generalized fixed drug eruption due to mefenamic acid, characterized by recurring erythematous patches with central bullae on the same sites of the whole body and leaving hyperpigmentation after each attack. Patch testing of a quiescent lesion with 50% mefenamic acid in vaselin revealed an eczematous reaction after 48 hours. The disease course was mild compared to the severe clinical manifestation. We here-in report a case of generalized fixed drug eruption due to mefenamic acid which is considered a rare occurrence.
Drug Eruptions* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Mefenamic Acid* ; Middle Aged ; Patch Tests

This study was undertaken to grasp health-promoting behavior of the elderly and to identify variables related to them in order to facilitate nursing intervention for health promotion of this population. The subjects for this study were 291 old persons obtained by cluster sampling from twenty general social welfare centers located in Tague. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from August 13 to September 13, 1996. Questionnaires were developed based on Sherer and others Self-Efficacy scale, Rosenberg's Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale, Northern Illinois University's Health Self Rating Scale, Walker and others' Health Promotion Lifestyles Profile. Analysis of the data was done by use of descriptive statistics, stepwise multiple regression, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, MANOVA, t-test, and ANOVA. The results were summarized as follows : 1. For the practice of health-promoting behavior, the mean score was 2.89 and range was 3.59 to 2.09. The factor of the highest mean score was regular diet(M=3.42) and factor of the lowest mean score was stress management(M=2.27). 2. The combination of self-efficacy, internal health locus of control, family number, and average monthly pocket money explained 30.0% of the variance of health-promoting behavior. 3. With regard to the relationship between health-promoting behavior and cognitive perceptual factor, self-efficacy correlated positively with health-promoting behavior(r=.4951, P=.0001), self-esteem correlated positively(r=.3263, P=.0001), internal health locus of control correlated positively(r=.3244, P=.0001), perceived health status correlated positively(r=.1355, P=.0274). 4. According to age(F=2.50, P=.0431), sex(t=2.14, P=.0332), marital status(F=7.85, P=.0005), education(F=5.44, P=.0003), family number(F=11.18, P=.0001), people living together(F=7.21, P=.0009), previous occupation(F=5.83, P=.0001), average monthly pocket money(F=7.27, P=.0001), there were differences of health-promoting behavior. The above findings show that health-promoting behavior are related to demographic characteristics, four cognitive perceptual factors(self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal health locus of control, perceived health status). On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made; 1. Nursing interventions enhancing exercise or activity, accountability for health, stress management of the elderly must be provided. 2. Nursing strategies enhancing self-efficacy which is most significant effect on health-promoting behavior must be developed.
Aged* ; Hand Strength ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Illinois ; Internal-External Control ; Life Style ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Social Responsibility ; Social Welfare

Bronchiectasis means a permanent abnormal dilatation of one or more large bronchi owing to destruction of theelastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall. Radiological study is the most importat and mandatory procedure. Especially bronchography is essential for the definitive diagnosis of bronchiectasis and for theprecise delineation of the type and extent of the disease. The radiological and clinical findings of 48 cases ofbronchiectasis diagnosed by bronchography and treated at Chosun University Hospital during the 5 years fromJanuary 1980 to Dec. 1984 were analyzed retrospectively. The results were as follows; 1. Among the 48 cases, 34cases(70.8%) were male and 14 cases(29.2%) were female. Peak incidence was in second decade. 2. Chronic cough,productive sputum and hemoptysis are main symptoms and others are chest pain, dyspnea and recurrent bouts ofpneumonia. The most common physical sign is persistent moist rales over the involved area in 23 cases(47.9%).Others are no sign in 17 cases(35.4%), wheezing in 11 cases(22.9%) and digit clubbing in 3 cases(6.3%). 3. Thepresumed causes were composed of not known in 30 cases(62.5%) and complications of measles in 7 cases(14.6%),pertusis in 5 cases(10.4%) and pneumonia in 4 cases(8.3%). Two cases were Kartagener's syndrom and unilateralhyperlucent lung. 4. Plain chest roentgenographic findings were abnormal in 42 cases(87.5%) but normal in 6cases(12.5%). The most common radiological findings was accentuation of lung markings in 36 cases(85.7%) theothers are include in order of frequency; pneumonic infiltration, linear radiolucencies, cystic radiolucencies,decreased affected lung volume air-fluid level and pleural thickening. 5. Bilateral bronchiectasis was demonstrated in 11 cases(22.9%) and the disease was much more often involved left lung than right. The mostcommonly involved lobe is left lower lobe, and the most common site of involvement was the posterior basal segmentof the lower lobe. The type of bronchiectasis is cylindrical in 22 cases(45.8%), varicose in 11 cases(22.9%),saccular in 9 cases(18.8%) and mixed type in 6 cases(12.5%)
Bronchi ; Bronchiectasis ; Bronchography ; Chest Pain ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Male ; Measles ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Sounds ; Retrospective Studies ; Sputum ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Ductus Arteriosus* ; Indomethacin*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among followership, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, turnover intention, and customer orientation in hospital nurses. METHODS: The participants in this study were 210 staff nurses in one university hospital. Data were analyzed using frequency, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Followership had positive correlations with organizational commitment (r=.46, p<.001), job satisfaction (r=.41, p<.001), customer orientation (r=.47, p<.001). Followership had negative correlation with turnover intention (r=-.23, p<.001). The factor of followership influencing organizational commitment was active engagement, and this factor accounted for 23.3% of explanatory power. The factor of followership influencing job satisfaction was active engagement (F=45.00, p<.001), and this factor accounted for 17.8% of explanatory power. The factor of followership influencing turnover intention was active engagement (F=19.69, p<.001), and this factor accounted for 17.0% of explanatory power. The factors of followership influencing customer orientation were active engagement (F=51.38, p=.004) and independent, critical thinking (F=24.55, p=.011), and these factors accounted for 22.1% of explanatory power. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate a need to develop followership to promote organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and customer orientation and to decrease turnover intention in nurses.
Intention ; Job Satisfaction ; Orientation ; Thinking

Atherosclerotic heart disease is a major source of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adult populations. To assess the prevalence of anatomical and functional abnormalities of the heart in such patients, we studied total 50 subjects with atherosclerotic heart disease by echocardiography and compared with 27 control subjects. We found significant change(p<0.05) of aortic root dimension, left ventricular mass, mitral valve E-F slope, E-point septal separation, and functional measurements show significant change in ejection fraction and fractional shortening of left ventricle. Characteristically, abnormal septal movement reveals in 70% of patients including paradoxical, flat & diminished, hyperactive motion, and among them paradoxical movement is the most frequent. Also left ventricular posterior wall movement is abnormal in 30% of the patient group. The prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities is 80 percentile of total, which include 30 percentile subjects with only echocardiographic abnormalities without abnormality in 12-lead ECG, chest X-ray and laboratory findings. And these abnormalities can be detected well by echocardiography before they were otherwise apparent.
Adult ; Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart Ventricles ; Heart* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Abortion, Spontaneous* ; Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

PURPOSE: Telomerase is known to play a role of adding repetitive parts to chromosomal ending and to be involved in carcinogenic process through cell immortalization. The purpose of this study is to evaluate that restraining of telomerase activation can have killing effect on cancer cell and enhance susceptibility of cancer cells to anticancer substance. METHODS: The killing effect on melanoma cells was studied by using recombinant adenovirus that makes it possible to inhibit telomerase from getting activated, with such targets as two types of melanoma cell lines. This recombinant adenovirus was used combined with cisplatin, one of the most representative anticancer medicine to evaluate enhancement in susceptibility of cancer cells to anticancer substance. RESULTS: From the result of cytotoxic assay, it is found that melanoma cells have much resistance to cisplatin on the whole. In the case of using Ad-OA of recombinant virus alone, killing effect on melanoma cells was insignificant. On the other hand, when Ad-OA was used in combination with cisplatin, susceptibility of melanoma cell lines to cisplatin was enhanced. CONCLUSIONS: Ad-OA, recombinant adenovirus, could be used as a supplementary medicine in the targeted cancer gene therapy against cancer cell lines resistant to cisplatin.
Adenoviridae* ; Cell Line* ; Cisplatin* ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Hand ; Homicide ; Melanoma* ; Telomerase

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to a quire the supplemental information needed by the general public. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Subjects of the study, totalling 1576, were from the three major cities of Taegu, Kwang-joo, Pusan and their surrounding districts. The subjects recruited were between the ages of study were developed by these researchers based on literature review and professional experience. The data were analysed by computing frequencies, percentages and testing ANCOVA in SAS program. RESULTS: It was noted that the knowledge level of cancer prevention and early detection for the most common cancers in Korea(stomach, lung, liver, cervical, and breast cancer) was low. Knowledge that the subjects had was correct or extremely limited. Subjects had a positive attitude about engaging in cancer prevention and early detection. They were motivated to earn more about it once they recognized cancer as being a fatal disease. Another finding is that is would be necessary to encourage an improvement in subject health habits. the percentage of subjects who had screening tests for cancer was very low. Regular screening test's rate for the five major cancers were very rare. The majority of subjects had not undergone any diagnostic tests. CONCLUSION: the results of this survey could be used as a framework for the developmental strategies of an educational program for the general population. The response of subjects was favorable, as they were willing to take preventative action independently.
Breast ; Busan ; Daegu ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Korea* ; Liver ; Lung ; Mass Screening