A validation of the nursing diagnosis "fluid volume deficit" was completed by using the diagnostic content validity method. Articles pertaining to fluid volume depletion were reviewed to identify the signs and symptoms used to describe the nursing diagnosis. The topics addressed in the articles included hypovolemic shock, hemorrhage, trauma, fluid balance, hydration, burn injury, thirst, dehydration. A validation instruments was constructed of 52 signs and symptoms. A validation tool was examined by expert nurses group who work on intensive care unit, kidney transplantation unit, internal medicine and general surgery unit. The study sample rated the signs and symptoms on a scale from one to five, evaluating their relevance to this diagnosis. Of the 52 signs and symptoms on the validation tool, 10 were categorized as critical indicators and 34 were categorized as defining characteristics.
Burns ; Dehydration ; Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Intensive Care Units ; Internal Medicine ; Kidney Transplantation ; Nursing Diagnosis* ; Nursing* ; Shock ; Thirst ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the seniorobic program on physical function and fall in elderly. METHODS: The experimental group and control group was composed of 22 subjects each. The subjects in the experimental group had participated in the seniorobic program for 12 weeks which consisted of exercise and education. Muscle strength, flexibility, balance and the frequency of fall for each subject were measured before, and at the 6th and 12th weeks of the seniorobic program. Data were analyzed using SPSS /WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: The experimental group had significantly increased their flexibility at the 6th and 12th weeks of the seniorobic program, their the lower limb muscle strength and balance at the 12th week of the seniorobic program. There was no significant difference in the frequency of fall between the experimental group and the control group during the period of seniorobic program. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the seniorobic program can increase lower limb muscle strength, flexibility and improve the balance of the elderly
Aged ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Muscle Strength ; Pliability

Although the results of foldable intraocular lens are generally excellent, there are several complications. After cataract surgery with silicone lens, the patients with vitreoretinal surgery using silicone oil have not only visual acuity decrease, but also visual abberations such as halos and rainbow patterns. To report a newly defined complication, we studied the silicone lens-silicone oil interaction. The nonimplanted ilicone, acryl and PMMA lens, ten cases each, had been incubated in silicon oil at 36C for 9 months. After removal from the oil, each lens was examined and photograp hed by scanning electron microscopy every week. Appearance of lens surface and degree of adherence of the silicone oil to each IOL`s optic were estimated. Oily residue on the PMMA and acryl lens was removed easily and shown clear surface. In case of silicone lens, presence of distinct film or coating of oil was shown on the surface of both the optic and haptic component of IOL`s. They could not be removed with mechanical pressure with injected balanced saline solution and the oily residue remained strongly adherent to the optic surface. After 9 weeks, gelly-like adherence was appe ared on the silicone lens surface. As a result, the use of silicone IOL`s in patients with current vitreoretinal disease or those who are at high risk for future vitreoretinal disease that may require silicone oil as part of the therapy should be reconsidered.
Cataract ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Silicone Oils* ; Sodium Chloride ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreoretinal Surgery

Nowadays endscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR) has been done popularly in patients who had epiphora chronically because of lacrimal obstruction. The most frequent cause of DCR failure is obstruction of osteotomy site due to formation of granuloma. We used the mitomycin C to suppress proliferation of fibroblast to increase success rate. Between July 1996 and september 1997, 15 patients(16 eyes) who had visited ophthalmology department in Seoul Advantist Hospital made went endoscopic transnasal DCR and packed merocel socked with 0.2mg/ml between 3 months to 18 months(mean 11.5 months). One case showed recurrent epiphora 2 months after surgery, and success rate was 94%. In conclusion, endoscopic transnasal DCR with Mitomycin C should be considered to suppress proliferation of granuloma and increase success rate.
Dacryocystorhinostomy* ; Fibroblasts ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Mitomycin* ; Ophthalmology ; Osteotomy ; Seoul

PURPOSE: This phenomenological study was done to identify comprehensively and in depth the experience of overcoming internalized stigma in persons with psychiatric disabilities. METHODS: Data were collected from December 2015 to June 2016 with 10 persons who had psychiatric disabilities. The participants took part in interviews on their experiences of overcoming stigma. The collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi method. RESULTS: From the raw data obtained from the study participants, 12 themes and 5 theme clusters were identified. The 5 theme clusters were found to be ‘being locked up in one's own stigma’, ‘trying to escape from the self in constraints’, ‘overcoming oneself by oneself’, ‘getting to see the true self’, and ‘living the life desired’. CONCLUSION: Study findings indicate the necessity of developing a mediation program to reduce and overcome the internalized stigma in the persons with psychiatric disabilities. A national and social effort is necessary for persons with psychiatric disabilities to help them overcome the internalized stigma.
Humans ; Mentally Disabled Persons ; Methods ; Negotiating ; Qualitative Research ; Social Stigma ; United Nations

PURPOSE: To identify characteristics of chronic fatigue, difference between the duration of fatigue and characteristics of chronic fatigue, and association between chronic fatigue and related factors in adults. METHOD: The subjects for this study were 180 adults who had experienced fatigue for over one month. The measurement tools were the Revised Fatigue Scale by Chalder et al. (1993), the Visual Analogue Scale-energy developed by Lee et al. (1991), the BEPSI (Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument) by Frank & Zyzanski (1988), Zung's self rating depression scale (1965) and life style items including exercise, sleep, drinking, smoking and diet as developed by the researchers. RESULTS: Those who complained of fatigue over six months experienced higher disturbances in their daily life compared to those who had suffered from fatigue less than six months. There were a significant correlation between severity of fatigue and depression (r=0.46, p<.001), stress (r=0.41, p<.001), and sleep (r=0.20, p<.01) Statistically significant relationships were found between severity of fatigue and amount of exercise per week (F=3.79, p<.05), disturbed sleep (t=-2.66, p<.01), number of times awakened during the night (F=3.48, p<.05), types of drinking (F=2.65, p<.05), and diet regularity (F=5.83, p<.01). The construction of a multiple regression model revealed an adjusted R2 of .27 with the depression score serving the major predictor variables for severity of fatigue. Men and people in the younger age group were more energetic than women and those in other age groups. Also married people experienced more fatigue than people who were single, divorced or separated. CONCLUSION: In nursing interventions for fatigue, medical personnel should consider sociodemographic characteristics of the clients, ways to reduce of stress and counter disturbances in daily life and develop strategies for a health promoting life style.
Adult* ; Depression ; Diet ; Divorce ; Drinking ; Fatigue* ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Nursing ; Smoke ; Smoking

It has been known tht alterations in blood pressure, heart rate and other systemic reactions can occure artereitroduction of contrast media into the vascular system. And the factors of these alterations are the suddenchanges of the circulating blood volume, hypertonicity of the injected contrast media and adverse reactions to thecontast media. This pospective study included evaluation so f the hemodynamic changes, adverse reactions and itsrelationship with ensitivity tesst and allergic history in 105 patients who had been performed angiocardiographyduring period of 1 year from oct. 1981 to Sept. 1982. The results were as follows; 1. 14 out of 105 patient showedminor reactions to contrast media such as nausea, vomiting, coughing, etc. There is no close relationship betweenadverse reaction and sensitivity test or previous allergic history. 2. In the group of right sidedangiocardiography, 47.6% of patient showed elevation of blood pressure after injection of contrast media. 38.1% ofpatient, however, showed lowered blood presssure. The changes of the pulse rate were quite similar to those ofblood pressure; increased in 47.7% and decreased in 40.9% of patient. 3. In the group of left sidedangiocardiography, 61.6% of patient showed eleveation of blood pressure immediately after injection of contrastmedia, and 17.5% of patient showed lowered blood pressure. 5 minutes after injection of contrast media, largegroup of patient showed normalized blood pressure, The pullse rate was also increased in the 66.3% of patient.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Contrast Media ; Cough ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Nausea ; Prospective Studies ; Vomiting

Primary malignancy of the thymus gland in myasthenia gravis remains rare, especially metastasis of the malignancy to a distant organ. We have presented a case of myasthenia gravis with invasive thymoma and its meatastasis to the diaphragm. The literature concerned with this aspect is reviewed.
Diaphragm ; Humans ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Thymoma* ; Thymus Gland

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of phenobarbital (PB) on hepatotoxic effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) which induces centrilobular necrosis in liver. Rats were injected intraperitoneally CCI4 dissolved in olive oil by a dose of 0.4 mg/kg. For change related to PB pretreatment, rats were injected CCI₄ 0.4mg/kg after PB pretreatment. The liver samples were taken in 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours after CCI₄ and/ or PB injection. Extracted liver tissue was examined with light and electron microscopes. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Light microscopic findings: In CCI₄ group, centrilobular necrosis developed from 6 hours after injection, was the most severe in 48 hours, and recovered after 72 hours. In addition to necrosis, fatty change and pale cell change were accompanied. In PB-CCI4 group, necrosis occurred from 6 hours after CCI₄ injection and continued to 72 hours, and the degree of necrosis was more severe than that of CCI₄ group and pale cell change was decreased. 2. Electron microscopic findings: In CCI4 group, the early principal change was clumping and vesicular dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum. In PB-CCI₄ group, the degenerative change of endoplasmic reticulum was aggravated and the mitochondria also revealed severe degenerative change. According to the results, it was revealed that CCI₄ hepatotoxicity primarily began with the damage of endoplasmic reticulum, then damage of other cell organelles and cell necrosis followed, and these cytotoxic effects were aggravated by PB pretreatment.
Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride* ; Carbon* ; Dilatation ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Liver ; Mitochondria ; Necrosis ; Olive Oil ; Organelles ; Phenobarbital* ; Rats*

PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the usefulness of three-dimensional reconstructive images using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for thoracic traumatic patients visiting emergency room. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 76 patients with fractures of the 105 patients who visited our emergency room with complaints of thoracic trauma were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients had thoracic MDCT performed and the three-dimensional reconstructive images were taken. The fractures were confirmed by axial CT, the clinical information, whole body bone scanning and the multiplanar reformation images. Plain x-ray images were analyzed by the fractured sites in a blind comparison of two radiologists' readings, and then that finding was compared with the axial CT scans and the three-dimensional reconstructive images. RESULTS: The fracture sites were rib (n=68), sternum (n=14), clavicle (n=6), scapula (n=3), spine (n=5) and combined fractures (n=14). Plain x-ray and axial CT scans had a correspondency of 0.555 for the rib fractures. Axial CT scans and the three-dimensional reconstructive images had a correspondency of .952. For sternal fractures, those values were 0.692 and 0.928, respectively. The axial CT scans and three-dimensional reconstructive images showed sensitivities of 94% and 91% for rib and other fractures, respectively, and 93% and 100% for sternal fracture, respectively. Three-dimensional reconstructive image had an especially high sensitivity for the diagnosis of sternal fracture. CONCLUSION: While evaluating thoracic trauma at the emergency room, the three-dimensional reconstructive image was useful to easily diagnose the extent of fracture and it was very sensitive for detecting sternal fracture.
Clavicle ; Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Reading ; Retrospective Studies ; Rib Fractures ; Ribs ; Scapula ; Spine ; Sternum ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed