The truncated E1192-283 and E2384-649 genes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) linked to the gene for glutathione 5-transferase (GST) were constructed and their expressions were analyzed. The GST-E1192-283 fusion gene overexpressed the fusion protein in E. coli as a soluble form, while the GST-E1192-383 plasmid did not express expected fusion protein. The purified GST-E1192-283 fusion protein was efficiently cleaved by thrombin. More than 90% pure, HCV E1192-283 protein was obtained by GST-agarose chromatography. The truncated GST-E2384-649 fusion gene expressed the fusion protein mainly as an insoluble form, whereas the GST-E2384-740 did not express the fusion protein. The truncated GST-E1 182-283 and GST-E2384-649 fusion proteins reacted specifically with an HCV patient serum. In addition, mice immunized with either the purified E1192-283 or GST-E2384-649 proteins generated specific antibodies to each antigen. The results suggested that hydrophobic carboxyl portions of the E1 and E2 proteins might affect expression levels as well as the solubility of each fusion protein in bacteria. Also, the truncated E1 protein with Tyr-192 to Ser-283 contained antigenic epitope(s) which could be specifically recognized by an HCV patient serum.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Bacteria ; Chromatography ; Glutathione ; Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Mice ; Plasmids ; Solubility ; Thrombin

No abstract available.
Extremities* ; Hyperplasia* ; Nevus*

No abstract available.
Epilepsy* ; Occipital Lobe* ; Rabeprazole*

To a patient suffering from intractable pain due to the terminal state of cervix cancer, 7% phenol-glycerine solution was injected through the L2-L3 interspace. We obtained a good result of pain relief, but motor paralysis developed.
Humans ; Pain, Intractable ; Paralysis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

A clinical study of spinal tuberculosis was made on 81 patients, who had been treated at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Red Crose Hoapital, during the 4 years period from January 1974 to December 1977. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The patients have been increased since 1977. 2) The ratio of male to female was not significant, but the age distribution showed a peak incidence in the third decade. 3) The lumbar spine was most commonly involved, being in 43.4% of the cases, while the dorsal spine occupied 27.7%. Considering the age, however, the dorsal spine was most commonly involved in the children as compared to the lumbar spine in the adults 4) In 84.2% of the patients, chemotheraphy was begun prior to operation and in 57.8% for a period less than 4 weeks. 5) The major associated tuberculous lesions elsewhere and complications were pulmonary tuberculosis in 28.4% paraplegia in 27.2% and draining sinus or buldging mass over body surface in 21.0%. 6) The number of involved vertebral bodies was higher in children than in adults. 7) Paraplegia presented a peak incidence in the second decade (42.9%). The number of vertebral bodies involved and the extent of destruction and kyphotic angulation were more severe in the paraplegic group than in the nonparaplegic group. 8) In the paraplegic group, thoracic, cervico-thoracic, and thoraco-lumbal spines comprised 71.8% of the cases. In our experience, the paraplegic group of early onset was better than that of late onset in regard to prognosis for recovery. 9) 22 patients who had complete or incomplete paraplegia had a variety of pathological lesions in or near the spinal canal. The most, common lesion was a sequestrum or a sequestrated disc.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Paraplegia ; Prognosis ; Seoul ; Spinal Canal ; Spine ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Tuberculosis, Spinal

The veins of the lower limb are subdivided into deep veins, superficial veins, and comminucating veins. The deep veins accompany the arteries, while the superficial veins course under the superficial fascia just beneath the skin and they have great, small saphenous veins, and their tributaries. The superficial and deep veins are connected by the commincating veins, which are usually located along the intermuscular septum. There are many reports about the venous system of the lower limb in foreign countries but a few in Korea. It is considerably valuable in the vascular surgery of the lower limb and the surgical management of the varicose veins. This study deals with the Korean cadavers, the authors observed the location of the saphenofemoral junction, medial and lateral femoral circumflex veins, and deep femoral veins, and the termination modes between the superficial veins and great saphenous veins and the femoral circumflex veins to the deep femoral veins or femoral veins. The following results were: 1. Any noticeable anomalies of the femoral vein proper were not present. 2. The saphenofemoral junctions were located at 3.78±0.91cm below the inguinal ligaments, 2.22±1.18cm below the pubic tubercles, 3.99±0.99cm lateral to the pubic tubercles. 3. The termination modes of superficial veins to the great saphenous veins around the fossa ovalis were classified into 3 types, Type I: Superficial epigastric vein, superficial iliac circumflex vein, external pudendal vein emptied into the upper end of the great saphenous vein(45.1%). Type II: One or more veins among above mentioned 3 veins emptied into the lateral accessory saphenous vein (48.8%). Type III: One or more veins among above mentioned 3 veins emptied into the medial accessory saphenous vein(4.9%). One cadaver(1.2%) was not belonged to the above classification, in which above mentioned 3 veins were emptied directly into the femoral vein. 4. The termination level of deep femoral veins into the femoral veins was 8.68±1.92cm below the inguinal ligaments, 6.60±1.98cm below the pubic tubercles, 5.28±51.46cm lateral to the pubic tubercles. 5. The termination level of medial femoral circumflex veins into the femoral veins or deep femoral veins was 5.10±1.73cm below the inguinal ligaments, 3.65±1.92cm below the pubic tubercles, 4.62±1.41cm lateral to the pubic tubercles, and the termination level of the lateral femoral circumflex veins into the femoral veins or deep femoral veins was 7.00±1.48cm below the inguinal ligaments, 5. 05±1. 67 cm below the pubic tubercles, 5. 41±1.21 cm, lateral to the pubic tubercles. 6. The termination modes of femoral circumflex veins were classified into 4 types in male cadavers, Type A: Medial and lateral femoral circumflex veins emptied into the femoral vein. Type B: Medial femoral circumflex vein emptied into the femoral vein and lateral femoralcircumflex vein emptied into the deep femoral vein. Type C: Medial femoral circumflex vein emptied into the deep femoral vein and lateral femoral circumflex vein emptied into the femoral vein. Type D: Medial and lateral femoral circumflex veins emptied into the deep femoral vein. In the right sides, type A was 94.1% and type C was 5.9% while in the left sides, type A was 79.4%, type B was 5.9% and type C was 14.7%. 7. The collateral circulations were identified in 67 observations (81.7%) and venous circles were identified in 46 observations (56.1%).
Adult ; Arteries ; Cadaver ; Classification ; Collateral Circulation ; Femoral Vein ; Femur ; Humans ; Korea ; Ligaments ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Saphenous Vein ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Varicose Veins ; Veins

No abstract available.
DNA*

The bone formation of periarticular connective tissue after head injury and total hip arthroplasty is included in the category of heterotopic ossification. Induction of a new bone formation in the soft tissue is related to various materials such as bone morphogenic protein. The alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase act as important factors in the formation and absorption of the bone. The acid phospatase has the important function of acting as the control with specific activity of phosphatase in vivo. Cholecalciferol induces absorption of the calcium in the alimentary tract and bone resorption and increment of bone calcification, whereas disodium etidronate inhibits the deposition and dissolution of calcium salt and formation of heterotopic bone. This paper reports on the relationship of alkaline phosphatase and various phosphoaminoacid phosphatase which affect the cellular differentiation and remodelling in the heterotopic ossification, with the effect of cholecalciferol and disodium etidronate on the heterotopic bone induction in rats. The following results were obtained: 1. The contents of the calcium in the implanted bone matrix increased markedly from two to five weeks. There was no changes in the calcium content by cholecalciferol or in the administration of small doses of disodium etidronate (5mg/kg). However, in the administration of large dose of disodium etidronate (25mg/kg), calcium mobilization was totally suppressed for the whole period of the experiment. 2. The protein content in the implanted bone matrix did not much change for the whole period of the experiment and the administratinn of cholecalciferol or disodium etidronate also had no effect on the protein content. 3. The activities of alkaline phosphatase in the implanted bone matrix peaked at two weeks in control or cholecalciferol group, whereas disodium etidronate admninstration caused the highest activity in the third week. 4. The activity of acid phosphatase in the implanted bone matrix increased in first and third weeks by cholecalciferol treatment. Disoidum etidronate inhibited the activity of the acid phosphatase in the first, fourth & sixth weeks of implantation. 5. The activity of phosphoserine phosphatase increased due to cholecalciferol treatment, but was significantly inhibited by disodium etidronate (25mg/kg) treatment. 6. The activity of phosphothreonine phosphatase in the implanted bone matrix slightly increased due to cholecalciferol treatment, whereas the activity decreased significantly for the whole period of the experiment by disodium etidronate (25mg/kg) treatment. 7. The activity of phosphotyrosine phosphatase in the implanted bone matrix was not change much for the whole period of the experiment and the administration of cholecalciferol or disodium etidronate had no effect on the activity of phosphotyrosine phosphatase. In conclusion, the disodium etidronate (25mg/kg) almost completely inhibited the molilization of calcium and the activities of acid phosphatase, phosphoserine and phosphothreonine phosphatases. Therefore, it can be suggested that the above phosphatases are closely related to the action mechanism of disodium etidronate.
Absorption ; Acid Phosphatase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Bone Matrix ; Bone Resorption ; Calcium ; Cholecalciferol ; Connective Tissue ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Etidronic Acid ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Osteogenesis ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; Phosphoserine ; Phosphothreonine ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; Rats

No abstract available.
Humans ; Spinal Cord*

Acetabular fractures assume great clinical importance because acetabular is weight bearing joint in the lower extremity. The undisplaced fractures of the acetabulum gave satisfactory results with closed method, but the treatment of displaced fractures have been controversial. A clinical analysis was performed on the 72 patients with displaced acetabular fractures, who had been treated at Soonchunhyang University Hospital from January 1980 to December 1989. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The prevalent age ranged from 21 to 50 years, which comprised 86.1% of all, and the ratio between male and female was 3:l. 2. The most common cause of injury was traffic accident, which comprised 76.4%. 3. According to Letournel's classification, simple fracture was 38 cases (52.8%), associated fracture was 34 cases (47.2%) and hip dislocation was associated in 28 cases (38.9%) and most common was posterior (20.8%). 4. Closed treatment was done in 47 cases and open treatment in 25 cases. 5. Results of open treatment group were better than closed treatment group in both clinical and roentgenographic study. 6. The complication were occured in 14 (29.8%) out of 47 cases of closed treatment group, and 10 (40.0%) out of 25 cases of open treatment group. 7. Not only choice of treatment but also determination of surgical approach require accurate assessment of the fracture pattern in this region of complex bony architecture by careful radilogic analysis.
Accidents, Traffic ; Acetabulum ; Classification ; Female ; Hip Dislocation ; Humans ; Joints ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Methods ; Weight-Bearing