No abstract available.
HLA-DR Antigens* ; Keratinocytes*

Iron deficient state occurs commonly in the athlets, and the cause may be inadequate iron intake, loss of iron from sweat, blood loss of gastrointestinal tract, and hematuria. The age of the athletes ranged from 11 to 17 years old. I messured red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and related hematologic factors in the 32 adolescent female athletes and 21 female controls. a hematologic comparison was perfomed between the athletes and controls. The results obtained were as follows: 1) A value of hemoglobin were 11.6+/-1.4g/dl in the athletes and 12:4+/-0.8g/dl in controls (p<0.05). 2) Hematocrits were 34.1+/-3.4% in the athletes and 37.4+/-2.3% in controls (p<0.05). 3)A value of red bolld cell distribution width values were 13.9+/-2.1% in the athletes and 12.2+/-1.1% in controls (p<0.05). 4) Serum iron was 87.7+/-30.3ug/dl in the athletes and 121.8+/-39.0ug/dl in controls (p<0.001). 5) Total iron binding capacity was 445:6+/-31.8ug/dl in the athletes and 384:6+/-54.2ug/dl in controls (p<0.001). 6) Mean transferrin saturation values were 19.7+/-6.9% in the athletes and 32.5+/-10.8% in control (p<0.001). 7) Ferritin was 14.5+/-10.0ng/ml in the athletes and 33.9+/-13.9ng/ml in controls (p<0.001). 8) The duration of exercise was 4.8+/-2.5 years in the stage III iron deficiency, whil 3.0+/-2.0 years in normal group in iron deficient state (p<0.05).
Adolescent* ; Athletes* ; Erythrocyte Count ; Female* ; Ferritins ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hematocrit ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Iron* ; Sweat ; Transferrin

No abstract available.
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate AIDS-specific knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of auxiliary police on duty in Seoul and to provide basic data for use in AIDS prevention education for auxiliary police. METHODS: In November 2008, we questioned 402 auxiliary police in the Mobile Police Force located in Seoul by using a self-administered questionnaire containing 39 items. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 98.5% were unmarried and scored, on average, 2.95+/-0.98 out of 4 with respect to their knowledge about the transmission routes of HIV infection. Approximately 70.6% of the respondents were sexually active in the past year and 6.3% were diagnosed with or treated for a venereal disease within the past year. Approximately 42.5% of the respondents had sex with someone other than their steady partner and 35.5% of these respondents did not use condom during sexual intercourse. Approximately 77% of the respondents were willing to be anonymously tested for HIV infection that may have been acquired because of unprotected sexual activity during the past year (P=0.018). CONCLUSION: Providing assertive education, as well as additional support and instructions, is necessary to raise awareness about the prevention of AIDS among auxiliary police.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Coitus ; Condoms ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Police ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Single Person

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Membranes* ; Rupture*

Human epidermal cells were obtained from suction blisters of 14 healthy individuals, and were cultured for 24-96 hours st a concentration of 1x 10(7)/ml, 5 x 10(6)/ml, 1 x 10(6)/ml, 5 x 10(5)/ml. Cells were also cultured with or without stimulants such as phorbol myristic acetate(PMA), muramyl dipeptide(MDP), and endotoxin. Then, cell-free supernatants of cultured epidermal cells were tested for ETAF by a thymocyte prolifera.tiom assay. The results were as follows : 1, The highest activity of ETAF was produced by fresh epidermal cells(EC) at a concentration of 1 x10(7)ml. Its highest 3H-TdR was 4928+/-2480cpm. The highest activity of ETAF was produced by cultured EC at a concentration of 5 x10(6)/ml. Its highest 3H-TdR was 13983+/-8045 cpm. 2. The highest activity of ETAF was produced by fresh EC with n culture time of 24 hours. Its highest 3H-TdR was 5357+/-3760cpm. The highest activity of ETAF was produced by cultured EC with a culture time of 72 hours. Its highest 3H-TdR was 11905+/-5327cpm. 3. The highest activity of ETAF was produced by both fresh and cultured EC at a titer of 1: 8 dilution of cell-free supernatants. 1ts highest 3H-TdR was 4928 +/-2480cpm in the fresh EC, and 11905+/-5327cpm in the cultured EC. 4. Alhen fresh EC was stimulated with PMA, MDP and endotoxin, higher activity of ETAF was found in the group stimulated with PMA or MDP compared with its control group. But lower activity of ETAF was found in the group stimulated with endotoxin compared with its control group. The 3H-TdR was 6000+/-1936 cpm in the group stimulated with PMA, 6945+/-3182 cpm in the group stimulated with MDP, and 36943+/-36861cpm in the group stimulated with endotoxin.
Blister ; Humans* ; Suction ; Thymocytes

BACKGROUND: Kerationcytes make up the vast majority of cells within the epidermis. Recent attention has focused on the role keratinocytes may play in the induction of T cell mediated inflammatory responses in skin, particularily because keratinocytes, when activated by immunologic stimuli, express MHC class llAg and secrete cytokines. But in experimentally induced lichenoid tissue reaction by interferon-nu, MHC class ll Ag was not essential for the enhanced T cell trafficking. There is growing evidence that keratinocyte intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression is involved in the epidermal trafficking of T lymphocytes. OBJECT: To investigate the kinetics of expression of the HLA-DR and ICAM-1 on cultured human keratinocytes by recombinant-interferon-nu(IFN) and phorbol myristate acetate(PMA), and the influence of the HLA-DR and ICAM-1 and the stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes(PBML). RESULTS: 1. 1 U/ml of IFN can induce HLA-DR and ICAM-1 on keratinocytes. Expression of both antigens were increased in a dose and exporsure time dependent fashion. But expression of HLA-DR was less sensitive to IFN than ICAM-1 2. ICAM-1 induction was more rapid than HLA-DR. Keratinocytes expressed HLA-DR 6hours after IFN treatment amd increased rapidly after 12 hours. 3. HLA-DR positive keratinocytes were decreased more rapidly that ICAM-1 positive kerationcytes. 4. Proliferations of PBML were slightly inhibited when cultured with keratinocytes which were treated or not treated with IFN. But IFN treated keratinocytes stimulated the PBML more than untreated keratinocytes. Proliferaton of PBML by IFN treated keratinocytes were inhibited by anti-ICAM monoclonal antibody 5. PMA treated keratinocytes stimulated the PBML more than untreated keratinocytes. Proliferation of PBML by PMA treated keratinocytes was inhibited by anti-ICAM monoclonal antibodies and anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that keratinocytes can express not only HLA-DR but also ICAMP1 may play a important role in initiating immunologic response. Complete clarification of the function of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 positive keratinocytes requires furthe5r study
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cytokines ; Epidermis ; HLA-DR Antigens* ; Humans* ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1* ; Keratinocytes* ; Kinetics* ; Myristic Acid ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes

We report a case of ureteral migration of a surgical clip after partial nephrectomy in which the clip was misdiagnosed as a ureteral stone. A 37-year-old woman had undergone laparoscopic partial nephrectomy of right renal cell carcinoma at another hospital 2 years previously. Postoperatively, she had gradually acquired lower urinary tract symptoms. Then, she complained of sudden right flank pain for a week. A plain X-ray and enhanced abdominopelvic computed tomography scan were performed. A 0.5 cmx1.0 cm right upper ureteral opacity with borderline hydronephrosis was seen but could not be found on the X-ray. Ureteroscopy revealed a medium-sized Hem-o-Lok clip on the right upper ureter that was removed with a stone basket. We concluded that a Hem-o-Lok clip used for collecting system sealing had migrated to the ureter and had been misdiagnosed as a ureteral stone on a computed tomography scan.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Nephrectomy ; Surgical Instruments ; Ureter ; Ureteral Calculi ; Ureteroscopy

BACKGROUND: Retinoids exert a wide range of effects on cell growth and development and have important effects on keratinocytes differentiation in vvc and in vitro. Besides the effects on epithelial differeotiation, modulation of cellular and amoral responses of lymphocytes, changes in natural killer and T-killer cell activities and riodulation of antigen presenting properties were shown by retionds. OBJECTIVE: We studied to investigate the immunologic role of etinoids. METHODS: With foreskin. the effects of 13-cis retinoic acid and etretinate on interferony induced HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression of kratinocytes were!ev luated. RESULTS: 1. When keratinocytes were grown in low calcium media, priliferation was inhibited only with 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid. 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid and 8 x 10 , 8 x 10, 8 x 10 M of etretinate had no effect on keratinocytes roiferation. When cultured in 0.15 mM calcium media or 1.0 mM calcium media, 13-cis retino acid and etretinate had no effection keratinocytes proliferation. 2. Keratinocytes HLA-DR expression was decreased with 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid in 0.15 mM carcium media and 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid in 1.0 mM calcium media. Etretinate had no effect on keratinocytes HLA-DR expression. 3. Keratinocytes ICAM- 1 expression was increased with 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid in low calcium. media. When cultured on 0.15 mM carcium media, ICAM-1 expression was increased with 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid and tetinate. When cultured in 1.0 mM calcium media, ICAM-1 expression was increased with 8 x 10, 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid and 8 x 10, 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of etretinate. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that retiniods have an immunomodulating effect as well as effects on epithelial differentiation. Clarification of the mechanism of increased expression of ICAM-1 and decreased expression of HLA-DR remains to the proved.
Acitretin ; Calcium ; Etretinate ; Foreskin ; Growth and Development ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Interferons* ; Keratinocytes* ; Lymphocytes ; Retinoids* ; Tretinoin