No abstract available.
Epinephrine* ; Tonsillectomy*

During the last three decades childhood cancer survivorship study has extensively developed and now we have much extent of knowledge about survivor's long-term mortality and chronic illness. One of the many challenges that females survivors face includes reproductive health, which involves reproductive and sexual health changes that could later significantly reduce one's quality of life. Alkylating chemotherapy, irradiation of the CNS and/or ovaries, and pelvic and genitourinary surgery can adversely affect the reproductive organs. Increased awareness of the unique needs of female cancer survivors, timely evaluation of gonadal function, and active intervention for fertility preservation before, during, and after therapy is warranted.
Chronic Disease ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Fertility Preservation ; Gonads ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Infertility ; Mortality ; Ovary ; Quality of Life ; Reproductive Health ; Survival Rate ; Survivors

No abstract available.
Cholesteatoma* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Temporal Bone*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to verify the effects of daily 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bathing on the acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) and healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in a medical intensive care unit (MICU). METHODS: The study was a randomized controlled group posttest only design, involving 91 patients in MICU at a tertiary hospital (47 patients in the experimental group and 44 patients in the control group). The 2% CHG bathing was performed daily according to bathing protocol to the patients in the experimental group, and traditional bath was performed every three days to those in the control group. Fisher's exact test and χ² test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: MDRO were found in 6 patients of the experimental group and in 15 patients of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p=.016). HAI occurred in 2 patients of the experimental group and in 7 patients of the control group. The difference was not statistically significant (p=.084). CONCLUSION: The results confirmed that daily bathing with CHG was effective in reducing the incidence of MDRO acquisition. Therefore, it is expected that daily bathing with CHG will be used as an effective nursing intervention to reduce the incidence of MDRO acquisition.
Baths ; Chlorhexidine ; Critical Care ; Cross Infection ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Nursing ; Tertiary Care Centers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nasal polyps are a condition of uncertain etiology. Cytokines are thought to play a role in nasal polyps in vitro, but in vivo studies on the patterns of cytokine expression in nasal polyps have been limited. The aim of the present study is to gain a better understanding of the pathophysiology of nasal polyps by defining the patterns of expression of cytokine mRNA and p53 in the nasal mucosa of patients with nasal polyps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This objective was supported by performing RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) for IL-2, INF-gamma (T1 cytokine), IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13 (T2 cytokine), TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1, and p53. RESULTS: Observation of the nasal polyps indicated significant increases in mRNA for T2 cytokines and p53 over controls. The expressions of IL-10 and IL-13 mRNA in the nasal mucosa of non-allergic patients were stronger than in that of allergic patients. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that the pathogenesis of nasal polyps is associated with T2 cytokines and p53.
Cytokines* ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-13 ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-5 ; Interleukin-8 ; Nasal Mucosa ; Nasal Polyps* ; Polyps ; RNA, Messenger ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

No abstract available.
Inhalation* ; Lung Injury* ; Lung*

Objectives: Most developmental screening tests have been built as parent-performed questionnaires. However, they often do not guide parents on how to answer the questionnaire. This study aimed to develop easily applicable parent guidelines. Methods: We implemented the Delphi procedure with 20 panelists. The development of the initial questionnaire was based on the results of two surveys of parents and experts provided by a policy research report that investigated the item adequacy of the Korean Developmental Screening Test. Round one included 33 items comprising all possible measurements in six categories that were identified as difficult to understand or confusing. Round two merged and modified some items and included 32 items. We defined consensus as a median agreement value of one or less and convergence and stability values of 0.5 or less. The subjective usefulness of the parent guidelines was examined based on their previous test experiences. Results: Consensus was reached after the second round, reflecting the items with the highest level of accuracy in each category. Of the 167 parents who participated in the survey, 113 (67.7%) affirmed the usefulness of the guidelines, while 10 (6.0%) answered that they were not useful. Items that recommended a different scoring strategy in answering the questionnaire from their previous measurements were found to be more useful by the parents. Conclusion The parent guidelines, composed of five bullet points, drew on the consensus of the experts. Further studies are required to assess whether these guidelines improve the accuracy of screening tests in clinical settings.

No abstract available.
RNA, Messenger* ; Thyroid Gland*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among the levels of total serum cholesterol level, blood pressure, body mass index, and lifestyle. METHOD: This study was designed as a descriptive correlation study. Subjects were 972 adults participated voluntarily living in GyeongNam. The height, weight, blood pressure and fasting serum cholesterol were measured. Body mass index was caculated. Information on general characteristics (age, gender, education, job, family history) and life style(cigarette, alchol, sleeping time, regular exercise, meal pattern, peppery, salty, sweetness, vegetable diet, meat diet) were collected using a questionnaire by interviewing method. RESULT: The mean value of total serum cholesterol was 197+/-36.4mg/dl(mean; 189.4+/-36.7, women; 202.1 +/-35.1). By simple analysis, the serum total cholesterol according to general characteristics features was statistically significant in age(F= 6.765, p=000) and gender (t=5.372, p=.000). Total serum cholesterol levels increased significantly with increasing BMI. The serum total cholesterol according to life style features was statistically significant in cigarette(chi2 =12.12, p=.016), exercise(chi2=6.335, p=.042), salty taste(chi2=18.801, p=016), vegetable diet(chi2=19.488, p=012). The most affecting factor which total serum cholesterol factor was BMI(beta=.151, p=.000). CONCLUSION: The significant risk factors relating to serum total cholesterol were age, gender, BMI, smoking, and exercise. Therefore, for the reduction of serum total cholesterol level, it is recommended that nursing intervention for the prevention of obesity, change of life style should be implemented.
Adult ; Blood Pressure* ; Body Mass Index* ; Cholesterol* ; Climacteric ; Diet ; Education ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Meals ; Meat ; Nursing ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Statistics as Topic ; Vegetables

Carcinosarcoma is a biphasic tumor composed of an intimate admixture of epithelial and mesenchymal element, both of which are malignant. Primary cutaneous cases are extremely rare. There have been reported only 18 cases of cutaneous carcinosarcoma in the world and only one case can be found in the korean pathology literature. Therefore it has been difficult to characterize the clinical course of carcinosarcoma of the skin. We present a further case of primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma in a 86-years-old woman with exophytic and hemorrhagic mass on scalp. Histologic and immunohistochemical studies revealed both squamous cell carcinoma and spindle cell sarcomatoid change intermingled in the same tumor. The clinical and histologic findings of cutanous carcinosarcoma were described.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carcinosarcoma* ; Female ; Humans ; Pathology ; Scalp* ; Skin