This study investigated the influences of the beverage intake on food behavior and personality for 1295 adolescents. The results were as follows. The favorite beverage was 'fruit juice', and preference of 'coffee' was the lowest. 'Milk and dairy product' was highest and 'milkshake' was lowest in intake frequency of beverage. The preference correlated positively(r = 0.391) with the intake frequency of beverage, especially high in 'green tea and black tea'(r = 0.622), 'coffee'(r = 0.581), 'carbonated drink'(r = 0.538), and 'milk and dairy product'(r = 0.501). The explanation power(R2) of beverage preference on beverage intake was 0.153. The explanation power(R(2)) of beverage intake on food behavior was 0.127, and 'carbonated drink' and 'coffee' as well as 'milkshake' had a negative influence on food behavior: however, 'milk and dairy product', 'green tea and black tea', and 'fruit juice' had a positive influence on food behavior. The relationship of beverage intake and sociality was very low(R(2)= 0.013), and 'isotonic drink' and 'green tea and black tea' had a positive influence on sociality. The relationship between beverage intake and anger expression was also very low. 'Coffee' showed a positive relationship with anger-in. 'Carbonated drink' and 'milkshake' showed a positive result with anger-out. 'Milkshake' showed a negative relation with anger-control, but 'green tea and black tea' and 'milk and dairy product' showed a positive relation. From these results, it was necessary to develop the practical nutritioneducation program on proper beverage choice for adolescents leading to better metal and physical status.
Adolescent ; Anger ; Beverages ; Eating ; Humans ; Tea

PURPOSE: Art program has been found to enhance mood such as increasing motivation, self-expression and decreasing depression in older adults. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of clay art and drawing on depression and self-expression among elderly people at a long-term care center. METHODS: The research was a pre-test and post-test non-equivalent design. Sixty older patients (clay art program=28. Drawing art program=32) over the age of 65 were recruited from 2 long-term care hospitals to participate in the 5 weeks program. Each group was scheduled with 10,120-minute evaluation sessions, twice per week. Test measures were completed before and after the 5 week intervention period for all participants. The data was collected from April 27 to May 29, 2015. It was analyzed with SPSS 22.0 using chi-square, t-test and paired t-test. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in the levels of depression (t=0.21, p=.830) and total score of self-expression (t=-0.10, p=.919) between the two groups. However, the pre-post scores of self-expression in the clay art program (t=0.22, p=.826) were improved compared to the drawing art program (t=0.80, p=.430). CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of clay art program for extended senior care applications.
Adult ; Aged* ; Art Therapy ; Depression* ; Humans ; Long-Term Care* ; Motivation

No abstract available.
Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Humans* ; Hypertension* ; Pregnancy*

Especially, the teenage period, an important lifetime to develop both physically and mentally, needs to be helpful to promote the growth of the body and to keep a well-balanced mind through a balanced and nourishing diet. It is well known that the western style fast food is the most liked meal by teenagers. Wrong recognition about fast food and its frequent intake by adolescents can lead to unbalanced diet and food behaviors which may also connect with a poor impact on their personalities as well as their physical health. In this study, therefore, relationships between fast food intake frequency and food behavior, sociability, and personality, such as anger expression, were surveyed from 1,295 adolescents (666 in Seoul, 316 in Changwon, and 313 in rural communities), and then analyzed using SPSS program. The results are shown as follows. The fast food preference score and the fast food intake frequency score showed no differences between male students (22.9/30, 14.4/30 respectively) and female students (23.0/30, 14.0/30 respectively). But, the fast food preference score correlated positively with the intake frequency score (r = 0.304) significantly (p < 0.001). The more frequently eating of fast food group showed significantly lower scores (r = -0.233, p < 0.001) in food behaviors. The frequency of fast food intake had no relationships with sociability, but it had a significantly effect on anger expression (r = 0.213, p < 0.001) and control (r =-0.147, p < 0.001). From these results, we could see the necessity of various nutrition education programs to build proper eating-out habits and also more studies are needed to find the relationships between fast food intake and growth and personality.
Adolescent* ; Anger ; Diet ; Eating* ; Education ; Fast Foods* ; Female ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify levels of health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) and its related factors among merchants in traditional markets.METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected through questionnaires and physical examination on blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol and BMI between February 12 and April 13, 2018. The participants were 175 merchants from two traditional markets in U. Metropolitan city. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program.RESULTS: Levels of health-related EQ-5D were significantly different according to demographic characteristics, smoking status, exercise, total cholesterol, BMI, subjective health status, stress, and depression. The EQ-5D related factors were variables that had significant influence on subjective health status (β=.30, p < .001), gender (β=.27, p < .001), BMI (β=−.16, p=.012), depression (β=−.17, p=.010), and working period (β=−.15, p=.021). They explained 27.2% of the total variance of health-related quality of life (F=13.91, p < .001).CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that disease prevention and health management is essential for merchants who work in traditional markets to promote their health-related quality of life. For better merchants outcome, the intervention program should consider factors that are subjective health status, gender, BMI, depression, and working period in order to improve levels of EQ-5D.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess health-related behavior of pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers by investigating relevant risk factors. METHODS: Data of 10,396 women (age 19 to 49 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey report from 2007 to 2012 was used to analyze factors associated with health-related behavior. The subjects were divided into pregnant women; breastfeeding mothers; and non-pregnant women. Bottle feeding mothers were excluded. RESULTS: Current smoking rate including self-reported smoker and/or positive cotinine urine test were lower for pregnant or breast-feeding group than non-pregnant group. Heavy-drinking was not different among groups while monthly drinking rate was higher in non-pregnant group. Rate of stress recognition was lower in pregnant and breast-feeding group than non-pregnant group. Rate of experience for depressive symptoms and rate of suicidal ideation were not different among groups. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers maintain a good pattern of health-related behavior compared to non-pregnant women. However, substantial proportion of pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers continue to drink and smoke. This shows the need for a plan that will modify health-related behavior.
Bottle Feeding ; Breast Feeding ; Cotinine ; Depression ; Drinking ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mothers* ; Nutrition Surveys ; Pregnant Women* ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Suicidal Ideation

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations of pre-pregnancy maternal BMI(body mass index), and weight gain during pregnancy with Birth weight and Cesarean delivery in full term infants. METHODS: We collected data from 1086 pregnancies without complications, and analysed pre-pregnancy maternal BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, and the incidences of SGA(small-for-gestational age), LGA(large-for-gestational age), cesarean delivery. Chi-square test, T-test, and One way Anova test were performed for stastatical analysis. RESULTS: In pre-pregnancy maternal BMI <19.8kg/m2 group, the incidence of SGA was 12.2%, LGA 6.2% and cesarean delivery 14.9% respectively, but in >26.0kg/m2 group, 0%, 23.6% and 36.4% respectively(p<0.05). In under weight gain during pregnancy group, incidence of SGA was 13.4%, LGA 4.7% and cesarean delivery 15.7% respectively, but in high weight gain group, 4.8%, 19.5% and 21.0% respectively(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There was significant correlations among pre-pregnancy maternal BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, birth weight and cesarean delivery. From these results, it is considered that antenatal maternal BMI and weight gain during pregnancy are valuable to predict birth weight and cesarean delivery.
Birth Weight* ; Body Mass Index* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Parturition* ; Pregnancy ; Weight Gain

Intestinal obstruction is a rare but important complication of pregnancy and puerperium leading to increased maternal and fetal motality. Diagnosis is often delayed or missed because many of the manifestations of intestinal obstruction such as nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain can be interpreted as pregnancy related symptoms. This delay in diagnosis or misdiagnosis, reluctance to surgery during pregnancy are thought to be responsible for the high maternal and fetal death rate. So we report a case of postpartum small bowel obstruction following vaginal delivery with a review of the literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Fetal Death ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Nausea ; Postpartum Period* ; Pregnancy ; Vomiting

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the internal burden and hazardous effects associated with smoking in middle and high school students. METHODS: We analysed urinary cotinine (U-cotinine) concentrations and the frequency of Sister Chromatid Exchanges (SCE). A comparison was done of U-cotinine concentrations and the frequency of SCE in peripheral lymphocytes across school levels (middle vs. high) and smoking types (direct: daily & occasional smoking, indirect: usual indirect & non-smoking), in 122 males. RESULTS: The middle school student group comprised 6.8% daily smokers, 15.9% occasional smokers, 40.9% daily indirect smokers, and 35.4% nonsmokers, while the high school student group comprised 18.0%, 20.5%,39.7%, and 21.8%, respectively. The U-cotinine concentration and the frequency of SCE among the middle school students were 79.11 microgram/literand 2.0 per cell, respectively, which were significantly lower than the 146.85 microgram/liter (p=0.078) and 2.6 per cell (p=0.005) of the high school students. Among the 40 direct smokers, these two biomarkers were 235.66 microgram/literand 2.59 per cell, significantly higher than the 67.33 microgram/liter (p=0.0001) and2.1 per cell (p=0.003) among indirect smoking groups. The variation in individual U-cotinine concentration ranged widely in both the indirect and direct smoking groups. CONCLUSION: Urinary cotinine concentrations and the frequency of Sister Chromatid Exchange seem to objectively and effectively evaluate student exposure whether it was direct or indirect smoking. Consequently, these biomarkers may be useful in monitoring the objective efficacy of anti-smoking programs in adolescent populations.
Adolescent* ; Biological Markers ; Cotinine* ; Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Male* ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange* ; Smoke ; Smoking

Tracheal agenesis with bronchoesophageal fistula should be suspected in any newborn who is cyanotic at birth, has an absent cry, and cannot be intubated but shows some improvement when ventilated by bag and mask. It is important to make the diagnosis as soon as possible because esophageal intubation or a distal tracheostomy may be the only method to provide an airway while other measures and/or diagnostic confirmation are being sought. We experienced a case of complete tracheal agenesis with carinoesophageal fistula, cloacal anomalies in a male neonate.
Diagnosis ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intubation ; Male ; Masks ; Parturition ; Tracheostomy