OBJECTIVE: To determine the differences of expression of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-beta1 and TGF-beta2 in the human proliferative, secretory, menopausal endometrium, and in hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients were divided into 5 groups. Twenty samples were collected from patients with endometrial hyperplasia (n=l0) and adenocarcinoma(n=10) after hysterectomy. Thirty samples were collected from the normal menstrual cycle and the menopausal women as a control group. The histological types of endometrium were proliferative(n=10), secretory(n=10), menopausal(n=10). Immunohistochemical staining was performed through the use of monoclonal antibodies against anti-human TGF-beta1/ beta2 polycolonal IgG rabbit antibody. Expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 were judged positive when the staining revealed color development in 5% or more. Specimens were rated absent, trace, weak, moderate and intense. Then, they were scored 4 in case of intense positive for TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, and '0' in case of absent for TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 . RESULTS: Mean scores of TGF-beta1 in glandular cell were proliferative(1.0), secretory (2.3), menopausal endometrium(1.0), endometrial hyperplasia(0) and adenocarcinoma(0). Expression of TGF-beta2 in glandular cell were proliferative(3.8), secretory(3.3), menopausal endometrium(2.8), endometrial hyperplasia(0.3) and adenocarcinoma(0.3). No specific different expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 was found between stromal, vascular and myometrium. However, there was similar expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 in endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma gmup. CONCLUSIONS: TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 may have important roles to suppress the development of the precancerous or cancerous lesions in endometrial glandular cells.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometrium* ; Female ; Humans* ; Hyperplasia ; Hysterectomy ; Immunoglobulin G ; Menstrual Cycle ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta2 ; Transforming Growth Factors*

Kyphosis or scoliosis are developed with various causes. Mild deformity of Spine does not change the cardiopulmonary function while the more aggravate the deformity of spine, the worse the cardiopulmonary function. In 1968, Nilsonne and Lundgren have reported that the mortality in patients with severe spinal deformity was twice as high as in normal person and heart or lung disease was the main cause of death. The problem of cardiopulmonary function should be considered in the treatment of pateints who have the severe deformity of the spine. The author studied the degree of curvature of spine, pulmonary function and its correlation in 18 cases of severe kyphosis or scolissis which deformities were caused from spinal tuberculosis poliomyelitis or idiopathic Scoliosis. The results of this study are as follows; 1. Over all average degree of kyphosis of spine was 101.4; vital capacity was 61. 1% of normal and maximum breating capacity was 84. 4% of normal. 2. Vital capacity and maxmium breating capacity have a significant negative correlation with the increase of kyphosis and scoliosis of the spine. 3. Vital capacity has a positive correlation with maximum breathing capacity in the increase of the kyphosis, but not significant. 4. Timed vital capacity was in normal limit in spite of the change of kyphosis and scoliosis of the spine. 5. Change of pulmonary function after surgical correction of the deformity of spine was discussed.
Cause of Death ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Heart ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Lung Diseases ; Mortality ; Poliomyelitis ; Respiration ; Scoliosis ; Spine ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; Vital Capacity

Additional two cases of Klinefelter's syndrome with a literatural review was presented Two cases were revealed characteristics of Klinefelter's syndrome such as small testes, hyalinization of seminiferous tubules, azoospermia, increased FSH, normal 17-ketogteroid and positive sex chromatin. One case was associated with left inguinal crytorchidism.
Azoospermia ; Hyalin ; Klinefelter Syndrome* ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Sex Chromatin ; Testis

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

As a decompression means, the fasciotomy has been of good evaluation in many diseases such as impending V.I.C., ischemic myositis due to CO poisoning, snake bite, burn, anterior tibial compartment syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome and gas gangrene, etc. From 1966 to 1973, 7 cases of snake bites and 5 cases of the ischemic myositis due to CO poisoning were treated at the Orthopedic Department of Seoul National University Hospital and the results were as follows; 1. All cases of the snake bites had got good results without any complication after the fasciotomy, while the fasciotomy performed in the ischemic myositis due to CO poisoning were not effective. 2. The time elapsed from the snake bite to the fasciotomy had a close relation to the prognosis. 3. In the 4 of 5 cases of the ischemic myositis due to CO poisoning, infections were superimposed on the fasciotomy sites. 4. The inappropriately continuous use of the tourniquet for hours after the snake bites caused worse prognosis.
Burns ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Compartment Syndromes ; Decompression ; Extremities ; Gas Gangrene ; Myositis ; Orthopedics ; Poisoning ; Prognosis ; Seoul ; Snake Bites ; Tourniquets

Diastematomyelia, a form of spinal dysraphism, is characterized by a division of the spinal cord or canda equina resulting the form a bony or cartilaginous spur which transfixes the neural elements and dura. The presence of a structure of neural crest origin in the subarachnoid space connecting the spicules suggested that the anomaly resulted from delayed closure of the neural tube and its investments. The cinical finding are presumed due to its restriction, tethering of the normal apward migration of the spinal cord. Congenital anomalies of one or both lower extremities and spine are frequently found with this condition. The surgical removal is recommended as a prophylactic measure against further progressive neurological damage. The purpose of this paper is to presented becanse it was associated with clubfoot and adds to understanding of teratogenesis of diastematomyelia.
Clubfoot ; Investments ; Lower Extremity ; Neural Crest ; Neural Tube ; Neural Tube Defects ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Dysraphism ; Spine ; Subarachnoid Space ; Teratogenesis

It is widely blieved that the new bone formation is provoked by fine electrical stress to bone. There have been maay experimental studies that showed much efforts to define these small amounts of electricity, and these fine electricities are being used in the orthopedic field for the treatment of various fractures, nonunions and pseudsrthrosia The auther has checked the electrical potentials changing in the course of fractvre hesling in rabbits femur. Comparing these data with that of the normal control group, the following results were obtained. 1. In the normal rabbit's femur the electrical potentisl was 13.6mV less on the concave side than on the convex side. This finding can be explained by the existence of stress generated potential or piexoelectricity. 2. Electrcal potentials on the fractured femoral sites were lowered significantly from that of the control group. So auther could confirm the existence of bioelectrical generated by increased electrical activity of the living bone. 3. The electrical potential of the fractured femoral site has been decreased 50% and 20% as low as that of the normal site at 8 weeks respectively. It is expected that these lowered electrical potentials may become dose to the normal values when the changed metabolic process due to the fractured bone is no longer functioning and it is believed to take human 2 years to get the normal value.
Electricity ; Femur ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Orthopedics ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Reference Values

Tibial plateau fractures are a common injury which often produce major disability. The extent of actural damage is always greater than that suggested by X-ray, a situation which, if not appreciated, can easily lead to a complacent surgical attitude. Although recent studies suggest that early knee motion and perhaps better surgical technique have improved clinical end-results, still recent series show unaccepatble results in 20-40 percent of cases. The authors analyzed the 37 cases of the tibial plateau fractures treated at the Department of Orthopaedics, Catholic University Medical College, Kang-Nam St. Mary's Hospital and following results were obtained. 1. The highest incidence was in the 5th decade and the next was 4th, and most frequent cases of trauma was pedestrian car accident(83%). 2. The most common fracture type was type VI by Schatzker classification and next was type II. 3. Among 37 cases, 27 were treated by open reduction and internal fixation and 14 out of those 27 cases meeded bone graft for the elevation of the tibial articular surface. 4. According to Blokker's criteria(1984), 32(86.6%) out of 37 cases had satisfactory result. Among 5 cases of unsatisfactory results 3 cases developed varus tilting of the tibial plateau more than 10 during the early stage (6–12 weeks post operation) of follow-up and those 3 were Schatzker's type VI fracture. 5. It is thought that open anatomical reduction of articular surface bone graft, internal fixation and early joint motion are the best way for the treatment of depressed or displaced fracture. 6. It is found tha Schatzker's type VI fracture has a tendency to develop varus tilting through the proximal tibial fracture before it unites completely.
Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Knee ; Tibial Fractures ; Transplants

Even though various kinds of diagnostic and therapeutic measures have been used for the detection and cure of the acute osteomyelitis, this disease is difficult to be eradicated in many clinical cases. However it is rather easy to treat once this disease can be detected in early stage. So far radiological examination and many kinds of maneuvers including blood culture, clinical laboratory, xeroradiography, computed tomography have been performed for the early detection of this disease but invalid in the most cases. Recently some authors reported that the bone scanning was useful for the early detection of acute osteomyelitis, but this method also had difficulty in differential diagnosis and uncertaninty of its activity. This study aims to try to find methods of early detection of acute osteomyelitis. Experimental osteomyelitis was developed by the inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus to proximal tibias of 39 young rabbits already sclerosed by solution of sodium morrhuate. By comparing the clinical, radiological, bacteriological and laboratory findings in sequence from 2 days to 7 weeks after inoculation, the following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of experimental osteomyelitis after inoculation of staphylococcus aureus SNUH-S-188 in suspension of 1×10(7) colony forming units was 84%, 74%, and 79% in radiological, blood culture and pathologic examination respectively. 2. The leucocytosis was noticed only in early stage and slight degree of anemia was found during the 1st and 2nd weeks after inoculation. The sedimentation rate was increased only in early acute stage and same was eosinophil count. The leucocyte alkaline phosphatase(LAP) and platelet count. showed no significant abnormal changes. 3. Lymphocyte and eosinophil turned over from normal and eosinophil was predominant in experimental osteomyelitis. 4. Serum calcium, phosphorus, total protein and albumin showed significant decrease in all stages and was conversely paralle1 to changes in groin temperature. The level of BUN was normal indicating normal kidney function in experimental osteomyelitis. 5. Even though the enzymes of which showed no significant changes enrolled alkaline phosphatase and serumgluiamicoxalic-transaminase(S-GOT), but some increa.e was attained to 27% and 44% respectively. 6. It is important and significant to find continuous increase of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) since 48 hours after inoculation and author, think these will be the reliable and sensitive indices in early detection of the development of osteomyelitis and efficacy of therapeutic measures.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anemia ; Calcium ; Creatine Kinase ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eosinophils ; Groin ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Lymphocytes ; Methods ; Osteomyelitis ; Oxidoreductases ; Phosphorus ; Platelet Count ; Rabbits ; Sodium Morrhuate ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus ; Stem Cells ; Tibia ; Xeroradiography

The authours reviewed 9 cases of giant cell tumors around the knee joint which were treated by curettage and barium sulphate mixed cementation at Catholic Medical Center, between Jaunary 1979 and December 1983. Among the 9 patients, 7 patients could be followed more than 2 years, ranging from 24 months to 42 months, averaging 31 months. The result obtained were as follows; 1. No local recurrence or distant metastasis have been observed among these 7 cases. 2. Radiological assesment of the lesion after radiopaque cementation is believed to be a good method for detecting local recurrence. 3. Filling the curetted cavity with bone cement permits early joint mobility and weight bearing. Curettage and bone cementation may turn out to be the mothod of choice for the giant cell tumor located at the very end of the weight bearing joint when a simple curettage or resection is no longer possible without loss of function. Also it is suggested that the heat generation during polymerization of the bone cement and cytotoxic effect of non-polymerized monomer might have some cidal effect on the tumor cell.
Barium ; Cementation ; Curettage ; Equidae ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Recurrence ; Weight-Bearing