It is well known that metastatic bone tumor is very rare below knee and elbow joint. Recently, we experienced two cases of metastatic tumor from kidney and lung to the tibia at Koryo General Hospital.
Elbow Joint ; Hospitals, General ; Kidney ; Knee ; Lung ; Tibia

OBJECTIVES: School bullying is known to be related to behavioral, emotional and social problems both in victims and perpetrators. The aims of this study are to develop a Korean-Peer Nomination Inventory(K-PNI), which can identify victims and perpetrators of school bullying in an objective and effective way, and to examine its reliability and validity. METHODS: Fourth to 6 th graders of two elementary schools in An Yang city completed K-PNI, Peer Acceptance Scale and Self-Perception Scale. Varimax Rotation Factor Analysis, Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Analysis and Pearson's Correlational Analysis were performed for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Total of 532 students(male:female=1:1;4 th:5 th:6 th grader=1:1:1.2) participate in this study. Factor analysis showed that K-PNI identified victims and perpetrators of school bullying effectively with excellent reliability(Chrobach's alpha;0.90-0.94). Victims were further divided into two categories;passive bullying including exclusion and verbal abuse, and active bullying including physical abuse and being forced. K-PNI, Peer acceptance scale and Self-perception scale were significantly correlated, reflecting its validity identifying victims and perpetrators of school bullying. CONCLUSION: K-PNI is an effective tool with excellent reliability and validity to identify victims and perpetrators of school bullying. K-PNI is expected to be a useful tool in future studies of school bullying and school violence.
Bullying* ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Concept ; Social Problems ; Violence

No abstract available.
Sterilization, Tubal*

This report describes clinical cases of a palato-gingival groove on a maxillary lateral incisor with associated localized periodontal disease and pulp necrosis. The tooth of the first case was extracted because of severe bone destruction. The palato-gingival groove of the second case was eliminated using a round bur, and the resulting defect was filled with synthetic graft and covered by an absorbable membrane. Both diagnosis and treatment of palato-gingival groove were very difficult and usually extraction of the involved tooth is the treatment of choice, but combined endodontic-periodontic treatment allowed the tooth to be saved.
Dental Pulp Necrosis ; Diagnosis ; Incisor* ; Membranes ; Periodontal Diseases ; Tooth ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Soil*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Spinal Cord*

OBJECTIVE: Although anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is the standard treatment for degenerative cervical disc disease, concerns regarding adjacent level degeneration and loss of motion have suggested that arthroplasty may be a better alternative. We have compared clinical and radiological results in patients with cervical disc herniations treated with arthroplasty and ACDF. METHODS: We evaluated 53 patients treated for cervical disc herniations with radiculopathy, 21 of whom underwent arthroplasty and 32 of whom underwent ACDF. Clinical results included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score for upper extremity radiculopathy, neck disability index (NDI), duration of hospital stay and convalescence time. All patients were assessed radiologically by measuring cervical lordosis, segmental lordosis and segmental range-of-movement (ROM) of operated and adjacent disc levels. RESULTS: Mean hospital stay (5.62 vs. 6.26 days, p<0.05) and interval between surgery and return to work (1.10 vs. 2.92 weeks, p<0.05) were significantly shorter in the arthroplasty than in the fusion group. Mean NDI and extremity VAS score improved after 12 months in both groups. Although it was not significant, segmental ROM of adjacent levels was higher in the fusion group than in the arthroplasty group. And, segmental motion of operated levels in arthroplasty group maintained more than preoperative value at last follow up. CONCLUSION: Although clinical results were similar in the two groups, postoperative recovery was significantly shorter in the arthroplasty group. Although it was not significant, ROM of adjacent segments was less in the arthroplasty group. Motion of operated levels in arthroplasty group was preserved at last follow up.
Animals ; Arthroplasty ; Convalescence ; Diskectomy ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lordosis ; Neck ; Radiculopathy ; Return to Work ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Hyponatremia* ; Hypopituitarism*

PURPOSE: There are many prognostic factors in the recurrence and the progression of T1 superficial bladder cancer. Among these factors, microstaging evaluation in T1 bladder cancer may be of important value in patients with T1 superficial bladder cancer. To evaluate the usefulness of microstaging evaluation, we analyzed the microstage in T1 superficial bladder cancer and analyzed the recurrence rate and the progression rate of each microstage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was done on 87 patients with T1 primary superficial bladder cancer managed in our hospital between January 1992 and April 1998. Microstages were assigned according to the following system: pT1a, invasion of lamina propria: pT1b, invasion to the level of the muscularis mucosa; pT1c, invasion through the muscularis mucosa but superficial to the muscularis propria. We analyzed the relationship between the microstage and the grade, the relationship between the recurrence or the progression of diseases and the grade of the tumor, the relationship between the grade or the microstage and the recurrence of diseases. All specimens were obtained from transurethral resection. RESULTS: The recurrence rates of pT1a, pT1b and pT1c were 9.1%(3/33), 40%(8/33) and 64.7%(22/33) respectively(p<0.001). The progression rates of pT1a, pT1b and pT1c were 0%(0/33), 10%(2/20) and 20.6%(7/34) respectively(p=0.005). The recurrence rates of grade I, grade II and grade III were 23.1%(3/13), 26.7%(12/45) and 62.1%(18/29) respectively(p=0.002). The progression rates of grade I, grade II and grade III were 7.7%(1/13), 4.4%(2/45) and 20.7%(6/29) respectively(p=0.062). pT1a, pT1b and pT1c were 21.2%(7/33), 20%(4/40) and 5.9%(2/34) in the patients of the grade I. pT1a, pT1b and pT1c were 69.7%(23/33), 50%(10/20) and 35.3%(12/34) in the grade II. pT1a, pT1b and pT1c were 9.1%(3/33), 30%(6/20) and 58.8%(20/34) in the grade III. Thus the relationship between the grade and the microstage was statistically significant(p=0.001). The recurrece rates of pT1a in the grade I, pT1b in the grade I and pT1c in the grade I were 14.3%(1/7), 0%(0/4) and 100%(2/2). The recurrence rates of pT1a in the grade II , pT1b in the grade II and pT1c in the grade II were 8.7%(2/23), 40%(4/10) and 50%(6/12). The recurrence rates of pT1a in the grade III, pT1b in the grade III and pT1c in the grade III were 0%(0/3), 66.7%(4/6) and 77.8%(14/20)(p=0.176). The progression rates of pT1a in the grade I, pT1b in the grade I and pT1c in the grade I were 0%(0/7), 0%(0/4) and 50%(1/2). The progression rates of pT1a in the grade II, pT1b in the grade II and pT1c in the grade II were 0%(0/23), 10%(1/10) and 8.3%(1/12). The progression rates of pT1a in the grade III, pT1b in the grade III and pT1c in the grade III were 0%(0/3), 16.7%(1/6) and 25%(5/20)(p=0.526). CONCLUSIONS: Microstaging in T1 superficial bladder cancer appears to be a significant prognostic factor in the recurrence and the progression of the diseases.
Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

The endemic status of clonorchiasis and metagonimiasis along the Geum-gang (River) in Okcheon-gun (County) in Korea was examined. From February to December 2000, stools of total 1,081 inhabitants living in 5 villages were examined. Each stool specimen was examined by both the cellophane thick smear method and the formalin-ether sedimentation technique. Egg-positive cases were further analyzed by Stoll's egg-counting technique, and praziquantel was administered to positive cases. The egg-positive rates for Clonorchis sinensis and Metagonimus species were 9.3% and 5.5%, respectively, and the double infection rate was 3.5%. The numbers of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces of C. sinensis and Metagonimus sp. were 918 +/-1.463 and 711+/-947, respectively. The egg-positive rates for C. sinensis and Metagonimus sp. in the riverside area were 14.2% and 8.4%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the inland area (3.2% and 1.7%, respectively). The egg-positive rates of C. sinensis and Metagonimus sp. in males (16.7% and 10.0%) were significantly higher than those of females (3.5% and 1.8%). However, there were no significant differences of EPG values between localities and sexes. The prevalence of clonorchiasis and metagonimiasis in this survey was significantly lower than that in the previous reports. However, there is still a high prevalence of infection with C. sinensis and Metagonimus sp. in this region, especially in the riverside area.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Child ; Clonorchiasis/*epidemiology/parasitology ; Clonorchis sinensis/isolation & purification ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Heterophyidae/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parasite Egg Count ; Prevalence ; Rural Population ; Sex Factors ; Time Factors ; Trematode Infections/*epidemiology/parasitology