No abstract available.
DNA* ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Electrodes* ; Humans ; Neural Conduction*

No abstract available.
Teratoma*

No abstract available.
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

In Asia, mammography following the injection of foreign materials into the breasts for cosmetic augmentation is frequently seen and diagnosis based on the typical radiologic findings is straightforward. We report the unusual radiologic findings in two patients with foreign body granulomas caused by injected foreign materials and discovered incidentally during screening work up. The mammographic findings were bilateral, hyperdense, spiculated masses, with occasional microcalcification, and at sonography, markedly hypoechoic, spiculated solid masses, located near the pectoralis muscle and partly extending into it, were observed. These radiologic findings mimicked malignancy.
Breast Neoplasms/radiography ; Case Report ; Cholesterol ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Esthetics ; Female ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/etiology/*radiography/*ultrasonography ; Human ; Injections/adverse effects ; Mammography ; Middle Age ; Paraffin

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Trigeminal Nerve Injuries* ; Trigeminal Nerve*

Among the precancerous lesions, dysplasia of the uterine cervix and adenoma of the colon have been widely studied in terms of genetic alterations. However, little has been performed regarding phenotypic alterations of the precancerous lesions. We investigated the relationship among cellular proliferation, clonality, immortality and histopathologic grading of the squamous epithelial lesions of the uterine cervix. Proliferation index (PI) was calculated based on the ratio of the epithelial cells positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen to the total epithelial cells. Clonality was assayed by X-linked HUMARA polymorphism. For immortality assay, PCR-based TRAP (telomeric repeat amplification protocol) was done and telomerase processivity was calculated by comparison with the positive control. PI increased gradually as the lesions advanced from dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. Among informative case, all of the carcinoma in situ showed monoclonal pattern (7 of 7). Among invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 6 cases showed monoclonal pattern and 2 cases polyclonal pattern. TRAP reaction was positive in 92.6% (25 of 27) of dysplasia (high grade: 14 of 15; low grade: 11 of 12), 95.0% (19 of 20) of carcinoma in situ, 100% (9 of 9) of microinvasive carcinoma, and 92.9% (13 of 14) of invasive carcinoma. It was also positive in 12 of 12 samples of chronic cervicitis or squamous metaplasia near the lesions of dysplasia. There was no difference in TRAP positivity among the dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma, whereas telomerase processivity showed significant correlation. These results suggest that proliferative activity and telomerase processivity may be progressive events in oncogenesis, although telomerase activation may be an early event.
Adenoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Proliferation ; Cervix Uteri ; Colon ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Metaplasia ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Telomerase ; Uterine Cervicitis

Between January 1994 and February 1996 lumbar fusion was carried out in eight patients who had degenerative lumbar disease by a technique of translaminar facet screw fixation. The goal of instrumentation is to confer immediate stability to unstable segments and lower the pseudarthrosis rate. However, transpedicular systems can carry a risk of neural damage and require a high standard surgical skills. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety, and to introduce the simple fusion technique. We usually used this technique for the patients who had been planned single level fusion without definite preoperative instability. Preoperative diagnosis were isthmic spondylolisthesis in one, spinal stenosis in three and laterally herniated lumbar discs in four in which postoperative instability was expected without performing fusion. A single-level fusion was perfomed in all patients. Fusion levels were L2-3 in two, L3-4 in one, L4-5 in four and L5-Sl in one. The average follow-up period was 20 months, ranging from 12 to 36 months. Overall clinical satisfaction including excellent and good result was obtained in all cases. The fusion rate was evaluated radiographically and all were solidly fused. The time to fusion ranged from 3 to 10 months at an average of 5.4 months. There were no significant complications including nerve root injury, and screw loosening or breakage. Although this study was retrospective and the number of cases were small, translaminar facet screw fixation for degenerative lumbar disease is simple and readily available, and provides sufficient rigid stabilization.
Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pseudarthrosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine* ; Spondylolisthesis

PURPOSE: We wanted to objectively evaluate the anatomy of the neonatal brain on ultrasound images, and so we reconstructed several oblique magnetic resonance images that corresponded with the oblique ultrasound images by using MRI and a multiplanar reconstruction program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI 3D-SPGR axial scans of the brain were performed for two neonates and then we obtained the reconstructed MR images that were parallel with the direction of the sonographic oblique scanning plane. We made the anatomic models of the neonatal cranial ultrasound images by using axial MRI as the standard reference on the same screen. RESULTS: We created an anatomic atlas, with the representative six oblique coronal scans and six oblique sagittal scans that corresponded to the neonatal brain ultrasound images. CONCLUSION: This objective anatomic research with using MRI and a multiplanar reconstruction program for creating the ultrasound oblique brain images of a neonate will be very helpful for evaluating the ultrasonographic anatomy and to apply it to clinical practice.
Brain ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Models, Anatomic

10 cases of femoral shaft fractures were treated by cast brace during the past 5 years from May, 1975 to August, 1979 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea General and Jae II Hospital, The results were summarized as follows; 1. Of the 10 cases, 8 cases were male and 2 were female, and age distribution was between 14 and 65. 2. 5 cases were treated by cast brace from the start as the primary treatment and the other 5 were by other method initially and followed by cast brace secondarily. 3. One of 5 cases treated by early cast brace developed delayed union and the other one of 5 cases treated by late cast brace secondarily developed non-union, which were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with cancellous bone graft. 4. The cast brace was applied within the first 6 weeks after fracture and average application time was 9. 7 weeks in the cases treated by early cast brace, which was compared with 12.5 weeks in the late cast brace group. 5. Average time of fracture healing was 13.5 weeks in the early cast brace group and 18. 5 weeks in the late cast brace group. 6. In three of 10 cases, counter traction was applied to reduce the limb shortening during bed rest.
Age Distribution ; Bed Rest ; Braces ; Extremities ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Traction ; Transplants