BACKGROUND: To access the accuracy and clinical usefulness of microplate identification (ID) system for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae, we compared microplate ID system with API 20E(bioMerieux, Etoile, France). METHODS: Ninety-two cultures of Enterobacteriaceae and one isolate of Aeromonas species were simultaneously identified by microplate ID system and the API 20E. Twenty biochemical tests used in microplate ID system were lactose, sucrose, and H2S in Kligler's iron agar media; indole, sucrose, raffinose, arabinose, trehalose, adonitol, dulcitol, sorbitol, cellibiose, methy-red, phenylalanine deaminase, ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase, arginine dihydrolase, urease, and citrate in microplate; and oxidase test. The identification was obtained by considering percent likelihood(% ID), modal frequency and ID score method. RESULTS: Among the 92 cultures of Enterobacteriaceae and one isolate of Aeromonas species, agreement rate of identification according to the % ID between microplate ID system and API 20E were 90.3% to the species level and 97.8% to the genus level. CONCLUSIONS: For the identification of clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates, the microplate ID system compares favorably with API 20E in identification accuracy and have the advantage of costsaving and easy to use.
Aeromonas ; Agar ; Arabinose ; Arginine ; Citric Acid ; Enterobacteriaceae* ; Galactitol ; Iron ; Lactose ; Lysine ; Ornithine Decarboxylase ; Oxidoreductases ; Phenylalanine ; Raffinose ; Ribitol ; Sorbitol ; Sucrose ; Trehalose ; Urease

To evaluate the relapse pattern and long-term stabilities depanding on surgical methods following orthognathic surgery of Cl III patients, the author selected 24 subjects(10 male, 14 female) operated by SSRO and 26 subjects(10 male, 16 female) operated by IVRO. Each subject took four lateral cephalograms: just before surgery(Tl), within 48hrs after surgery(T2), 4-8 wks after surgery(T3), 6 month or more after surgery(T4), and the landmarks were digitized. The differences of relapse patterns in each interval between two groups were compared and the significance of correlation among the variables of each group was tested The obtained results are as follows; 1. Horizontal early relapse was forward movement of mandible in SSRO group, as compared to the backward movement in IVRO group, and there was a statistical significance between the two groups. 2. Vertical early and late relapses were decreases in anterior facial height in both groups and there was no statistical significance between the two groups. 3. There was a statistical significance in negative correlation between mandibular hornontal late relapse and surgical change of articular angle in SSRO group. 4, There was a statistical significance in negative correlation between amount of mandibular set-back and mandibular horizontal early relapse in both groups.
Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Orthognathic Surgery* ; Recurrence*

Enterococcus is a gram positive coccus and a normal flora in gastrointestinal tract, but it could raise opportunistic infection. In 1986, vancomycin resistant enterococcus(VRE) was reported in Europe at first. Recently, the incidence is increasing in USA and Korea(2~8%). In our hospital, sore and stool cultures for enterococcal identification were carried out on 4 patients with sore wound. By screening stool culture, VRE was detected in 3 of 4 pressure sore patients. VRE was also identified from the sore wound in 2 of 3 patients who had VRE positive in screening stool culture. 2 of 4, enterococcal positive patients, have the history of vancomycin use in the past. An increasing number of VRE infection in hospital suggest that VRE become an important cause of infected pressure sore. Therefore, culture of sore wound and stool for the identification of VRE should be performed routinely.
Enterococcus ; Europe ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; Opportunistic Infections ; Pressure Ulcer ; Vancomycin ; Wounds and Injuries*

No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Ondansetron*

BACKGROUND: Diffuse panbronchiolitis(DPB) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the respiratory bronchioles which was first described in Japan in 1966. DPB is prevalent in Japan and is known to be very rare in western countries. The first cases of DPB were reported in Korea in 1992 and the number of the patients has been increasing. The prognosis of DPR had been very poor because there had been no effective treatment for the disease. Hut it has been dramatically changed since the introduction of low-dose long-term erythromycin therapy. In Korea, there is rare experience of 1ong-term follow-up of DPH patients and we presents the results of mean 21.6 months of follow-up after erythromycin treatment. METHODS: We analyzed the long-term follow-up data of 25 DPH patients who were diagnosed in Seoul National University Hospital during the period from September 1989 to December 1994 and followed up more than 6 months with erythromycin therapy. We tried erythromycin 250mg b.i.d. on all the patients and analyzed the changes of subjective symptoms, physical signs, pulmonary function tests, and chest X-rays. RESULTS: 1) The mean follow-up period was 21.6 months. 2) Subjective symptoms improved in 96% of the patients within 3 months and 76% of the patients showed no symptom after 18 months of treatment. 3) Crackles and wheezing decreased in all patients within 3 months and completely disappeared in 76% of the patients after 18 months of treatment. 4) Diffuse small nodular lesions on chest X-ray decreased in 56% of the patients within 3 months and chest PA was normal in 32% of the patients after 12months of treatment. 5) FVC and FEV1 increased remarkably during the first 3 months and slowly increased thereafter, reaching normal level after 12 months of treatment. FEV1/FVC was 60.4% before treatment and in- creased slowly reaching 76.1% after 24 months of treatment. 6) Erythromycin therapy could be finished in 7 patients. The mean duration of medication was 26 months and no evidence of recurrence was found in 6 months of follow-up. 7) No patients had experienced the side effect of erythromycin, CONCLUSION: The prognosis of DPR is very goad when treated with erythromycin. And at least 2 years of erythromycin treatment seems to be needed for DPB patients.
Bronchioles ; Erythromycin* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Respiratory Sounds ; Seoul ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Animals ; Blastocyst* ; Insulin* ; Mice*

Aerococcus viridans, a catalase-negative gram-positive coccus rarely causing bacteremia, was isolated from blood cultures of a 52-yr-old man under the gran-ulocytopenic condition. The isolate showed the typical characteristics of A. viridans, i.e., tetrad arrangements in gram stain, positive pyrrolidonyl aminopeptidase (PYR) and negative leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) reactions, and no growth at 45 degrees C.The isolate was revealed to be highly resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and ceftriaxone, although most strains of A. viridans isolated from the previously reported patients were susceptible to penicillin and other commonly used antibiotics. Even though A. viridans is rarely associated with human infections, it could be a potential causative agent of bacteremia, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Agranulocytosis/*complications/microbiology/physiopathology ; Bacteremia/*complications/microbiology/physiopathology ; Ceftriaxone/pharmacology ; Clindamycin/pharmacology ; *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Erythromycin/pharmacology ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/*complications/microbiology/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penicillins/*pharmacology ; Streptococcaceae/*drug effects/isolation & purification

BACKGROUND: In clinical microbiology the accurate and rapid identification of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae is essential for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and for epidemiologic studies. Accuracy of identification system depends mainly on data base such as positive rate of biochemical reactions, relative frequency of occurrence of biotype, and isolation frequency of microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to analyze the isolation rate and biotype frequency of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from tertiary care hospital in Korea. METHODS: Isolation frequency of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens during the period of January 1998 to June 1998 were analyzed. And biochemical phenotypes of 2,022 isolates tested by 10 tube system consisting of 14 conventional biochemical tests were also analyzed. RESULTS: Isolation rate of the family Enterobacteriaceae to the genus level in order of decreasing frequency were Escherichia (37.0%), Serratia (15.9%), Klebsiella (14.9%), Enterobacter (11.1%), Providencia (8.1%), Citrobacter (2.8%), Proteus (2.5%), Morganella (2.4%), Salmonella (2.4%), and Cedecea (0.7%). Among the genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Budvicia, Edwardsiella, Ewingella, Hafnia, Kluyvera, Leminorella, Moellerella, Shigella, Tatumella, Xenorhabdus, Yersinia, and Yokenella were not isolated. The number of species and genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae by this study were 48 and 12, respectively. Over 95% of all clinical isolates belonged to only 25 species. CONCLUSIONS: Although these data about frequency of relative isolation rate and biotype patterns of the family Enterobacteriaceae is inadequate according to species and genus, yet these data will be utilized for the application and development of identification method of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Citrobacter ; Edwardsiella ; Enterobacter ; Enterobacteriaceae* ; Escherichia ; Hafnia ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Kluyvera ; Korea ; Morganella ; Phenotype ; Proteus ; Providencia ; Salmonella ; Serratia ; Shigella ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Xenorhabdus ; Yersinia

PURPOSE: We tried to identify the overall incidence of microsatellite instability (MSI) and the utility of mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression in sporadic colorectal cancers in Korean. We also investigate the role of angiogenesis in colorectal cancers by MSI status. METHODS: A total 85 resected colorectal cancers were submitted for MSI study using PCR methods with 5 markers and immunohistochemistry (IHS) for hMLH1 and hMSH2. Expression of COX-2 and iNOS and microvessel density by IHS were correlated with various clinicopathologic prognostic factors. RESULTS: Among 85 cases of sporadic colorectal cancers, MSI was observed in 11 cases (12.9%) including 10 MSI-H and 1 MSI-L cases. Patients with MSI (+) showed female prevalence (1.75 : 1), low Dukes stage, mucinous histologic type, and Crohn-like lymphoid reaction than those with MSS. Overall sensitivity of hMLH1 and/or hMSH2 expression was 98.6% and specificity was 72.7%. iNOS expression was significantly correlated with COX-2 expression in tumor cells (P=0.006), however, they were not correlated with MSI status. High microvessel density was correlated with hMLH1 expression (P=0.025), COX-2 expression (P= 0.05), and Crohn-like lymphoid reaction (P=0.041). CONCLUSIONS: IHS for MMR proteins is a valuable substitute of MSI status and COX-2 related neoangiogenesis is thought to be related to inhibition of microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer progression via decreased microvessel density.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; DNA Mismatch Repair ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Microsatellite Instability* ; Microsatellite Repeats* ; Microvessels* ; Mucins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: The selection of identification (ID) system of Enterobacteriaceae depends mainly on accuracy of identification system, cost of operation and convenience of testing. Commercial ID kits are easy to use but too expensive. Therefore, we designed a computerized ID system based on 10 tubes which were composed of 14 conventional biochemical tests to identify the Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. The purpose of this present study was to assess the clinical usefulness of 10 tube system as an identification system for Enterobacteriaceae in clinical microbiology laboratories. METHODS: During the period of January 1998, 189 Enterobacteriaceae and 2 Aeromonas spp. consecutively isolated from clinical specimens were simultaneously identified by 10 tube system and the API rapid ID 32 E. Fourteen conventional biochemical tests used in 10 tube system were lactose, sucrose, and H2S in Kligler's iron agar media; motility, indole, and ornithine decarboxylase in motility-indole-ornithine decarboxylase agar media; citrate, urease, lysine decarboxylase, phenylalanine deaminase, arginine dihydrolase, arabinose, trehalose, and adonitol. Identification program used in 10 tube system were % ID method and ID score method. RESULTS: Among the 191 isolates, agreement rate of identification between 10 tube system and API rapid ID 32 E were 96.0% to the species level and 99.4% to the genus level. And identification accuracy of 10 tube system was 90.6% to the species level and 93.2% to the genus level. CONCLUSIONS: 10 tube system has been shown to be an accurate, cost-effective alternative to the use of commercial kit systems for identification of Enterobacteriaceae.
Aeromonas ; Agar ; Arabinose ; Arginine ; Citric Acid ; Enterobacteriaceae* ; Iron ; Lactose ; Lysine ; Ornithine Decarboxylase ; Phenylalanine ; Ribitol ; Sucrose ; Trehalose ; Urease ; Vibrionaceae