No abstract available.
Bony Callus*

Ocular injury ig one of the commonest causes of eye diseases, but its patterng and incidences are variable according to the envirmment. A clinical analysis was done for 450 cases of ocular injurieg, including 99 cases of in-patients which were observed in the Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University Hospital during the period of 1975~1978. The results were as follows; 1) The incidence of ocular injurieg was 4.3% of all patientg and there was the tendency to increase year by year. Ocular injuries ocupied 18.3% of all admitted patients. 2) The incidence was more common in male (80.6%) and in the age of 2nd to 4th decades (47.4%). RelativeIy higher incidence of ocular injuries were observed in children under the age of 10 (16.2%) and the damage was usually more serious. 3) The ocular injurieg were more common in the spring (27.7%) hit in children the incidence was higher during vacationg. It seemed that the ocular injuries were related to patient's occupation. 4) Small flying particles, such as sand, iron particle and dugt, were the mogt common cause of the ocuIar injurieg (31.7%), followed by the injuries with the figt (13.1%) and the wooden stick (10.8%), but the injuries with the iron and gteel were mogt common in the admitted patients (23.2% of all cases). 5) Subconjunctival hemorrhage was most frequent in the ocular injuries (21.4%) and corneal foreign body (14.8%, corneoscleral laceration (19.5%, traumatic cataract (8.0%) and subcutaneous hemorrhage (58%). In the cages of in-patients, hyphema was most common (22.6% of admitted cases), followed by corneoscleral laceration with prolapsed uveal tissue (l9.3%) and traumatic cataract (9.9%). Contusion or concussion was the most frequent nature of trauma in all cases and the perforating injury in admitted cases. 6) Surgical interventions inculded the simple suture of the cornea and the scleral (38.5% of surgical cases), the irrigation of the anterior chamber (23.6%), enucleation or evisceration (14.9%) and others. 7) At the first visit, 6.4% of all cages were totally bund and the visual acuity showed below 0.1 in 16.8%. The visual acuity in in-patients was total blindness in 9.0%, below 0.1 in 60.6% and over 0.5 in 9.0% After treatment, 49.4% of them showed the visual acuity below 0.1, reflecting a poor prognosis. But tbe number of the patients over 0.5 increased to 24.2%, showing the significanes of proper treatment immediately after injury. The prognosis of the ocular injury is generally poor in spite of proper treatment. Prevention of bundness, therefore, is mandatory through public enlightment and education propened by the society as a whole with the ophthalmologits on the leading role.
Anterior Chamber ; Blindness ; Cataract ; Child ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Contusions ; Cornea ; Diptera ; Education ; Eye Diseases ; Foreign Bodies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Incidence ; Iron ; Lacerations ; Male ; Occupations ; Ophthalmology ; Prognosis ; Silicon Dioxide ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity

Infantile myofibromatosis is a rare neoplasm which occurs primarily in early infancy and arise in the various sites. A 4-year-old boy, who presented with painless soft scalp mass in the left temporoparietal region was diagnosed to have myofibromatosis and this case is presented with some literature reviews.
Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Myofibroblasts ; Myofibromatosis* ; Scalp

BACKGROUND:We have often observed arm withdrawal on administering rocuronium. This study was performed to determine the cause and to prevent this movement by mixing rocuronium with lidocaine or sodium bicarbonate. METHODS: Sixty-two patients, ASA I-II, were randomized into three groups for this blind, prospective study. After induction of anesthesia by thiopental sodium 0.5 mg/kg, each group received rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg alone (group R), with 2% (2 ml) lidocaine (group L), or rocuronium with an equivalent volume of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate (group S). Patients' responses to the injection were graded using a 4-point scale and the pHs of the mixtures were measured. RESULTS: The incidence rate of arm withdrawal was more reduced in groups L (47%) and S (45%) than in group R (80%) (P < 0.05). Severe withdrawal movement (grade 3) did not occur in group S (0%). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and the degree of withdrawal movement in response to the injection of rocuronium were significantly reduced by mixing an equivalent volume of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate with rocuronium.
Anesthesia ; Arm ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Incidence ; Lidocaine* ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium Bicarbonate* ; Sodium* ; Thiopental

Various complications of central venous catheterization have been reported, some of which are well-known, while others are described as a sporadic events. We experienced a case of left subclavian venous catheterization complicated by extravascular knotting, kinking, and entrapment of the guidewire and the guidewire was removed surgically. Although minimal resistance was encountered during guidewire insertion, the guidewire was advanced approximately 30 cm. Physicians should be aware of these rare potential complications when a guidewire is advanced if any resistance is encountered.
Catheterization ; Catheterization, Central Venous ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters

The research of p53 is being conducted to find the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and to treat various cancers. Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase2 (HIPK2) is an important factor to regulate p53 and to increase the stability of p53. Activation of HIPK2 leads to the selective phosphorylation of p53, resulting in growth arrest and the enhancement of apoptosis. In this study, the canine HIPK2 cDNA fragments were obtained, and their overlapping regions were aligned to give a total sequence of 3489 bp. The canine HIPK2 cDNA (GenBank accession number; AY800385) shares 93% and 90% sequence identity with those of human and mouse HIPK2, respectively. The canine HIPK2 cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding 1163 amino acid residues and the predicted amino acid sequence has 98% and 96% identity with those of human and mouse, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of canine HIPK2 has also all domains' sites compared with human and mouse HIPK2. Therefore, these structural similarities suggested that the canine HIPK2 shares the basic biological functions that HIPK2 exhibit in other species.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/chemistry/genetics ; Dogs/metabolism/*physiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy with hypertension is characterized by an acute and severe rise in blood pressure with headache, altered mental status, cortical visual disturbance, seizure and transient edematous changes in neuroimaging. The most common abnormality in neuroimaging is presumed edema involving the cortical and subcortical white matter predominant in the posterior region of the cerebral hemisphere and rarely the cerebellum and the brain stem, but not in the spinal cord. We experienced a case of 10-year-old girl with hypertensive encephalopathy involving the brainstem and the spinal cord.
Blood Pressure ; Brain Stem ; Cerebellum ; Cerebrum ; Child ; Edema ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertensive Encephalopathy ; Leukoencephalopathies* ; Neuroimaging ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome ; Seizures ; Spinal Cord*

OBJECTIVE: The objective is to clarify the long-term functional outcome of NF-2 and to elucidate optimal treatment strategy. METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed clinical records and radiological imaging of 32 patients of NF-2 treated at from 1979 to 2000. Age at diagnosis was 30(14-54). Male to female ratio was 14:18. Mean follow-up(F/U) periods were 61(6-240) months. Four patients were lost during F/U periods. Fifty-one tumors of 29 patients were surgically treated including radiosurgery, and three patients rejected any treatment. Eleven tumors of 10 patients with non-schwannomas were managed by craniotomy, and one of them was managed by biopsy only. Among 21 tumors of 19 patients with schwannomas, 16 tumors of 14 patients were vestibular schwannomas(VS), one trigeminal schwannoma, and four spinal schwannomas. Fourteen tumors with 13 patients were managed by radiosurgery. RESULTS: Presenting symptoms were hearing problem(44%, 14/32 patients), motor or sensory change (25%, 8/32 patients), and visual symptoms (15%, 5/32 patients). Long-term functional outcome was poor (KPS; median 46.6). Six patients died during follow periods and the cause of death was aspiration pneumonia related to lower cranial palsy or high cervical cord lesion(except 1 case; suicide). In 17 patients, 7 patients of initial hearing had preserved after any treatment modalities, another 10 patients had deteriorated hearing function. In facial nerve function, 12 patients except one patient deteriorated after surgical resection. Even though facial-hypoglossal anastomosis was performed in two patients, there was no improvement of facial nerve function. CONCLUSION: Long-term results of NF-2 patients were unfavorable. The early detection of the tumor, regular F/U of patients and individually refined management are important for the optimal treatment of NF-2 patients.
Biopsy ; Cause of Death ; Craniotomy ; Diagnosis ; Facial Nerve ; Female ; Hearing ; Humans ; Male ; Neurilemmoma ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 2* ; Paralysis ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Radiosurgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome*

BACKGROUND: Hip replacement arthroplasty is highly traumatic and may be associated with serious perioperative cardiorespiratory and vascular complications. Bone traumatization induces activation of the hemostatic system. A method of assessment of hemostatic function with whole blood is thromboelastography (TEG), which is a sensitive indicator of platelet interreaction with protein coagulation cascade. The authors investigated the effect of bone cement on blood coagulation during hip arthroplasty by TEG. METHODS: Sixty patients scheduled for hip replacement arthroplasty were randomly allocated to either a noncemented group (n = 35) or cemented group (n = 25). All the patients were operated on under general anesthesia. Collected 0.36 ml blood samples were measured by TEG from 210 seconds to 270 seconds after sampling. TEG parameters were measured at preoperation, before and after bone cement insertion (before and after reaming in the noncemented group), at postoperative 6, 24 hours in both groups. RESULTS: There were no significant changes of r, k, alpha angle, MA and Ly60 irrespective of the use of bone cement. Also, in the cemented group, there were no significant changes in TEG measurements between before and after bone cement insertion. However, there were increase in MA and alpha angle at postoperative 6 hours compared with preoperation irrespective of the use of bone cement. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that there are no differences between fixation with and without bone cement in the activation of the cascade systems by hip replacement arthroplasty.
Anesthesia, General ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Blood Coagulation ; Blood Platelets ; Hip* ; Humans ; Thrombelastography*

Pericardial effusions can be developed by any form of pericarditis; infective pericarditis such as viral or bacterial infection and non-infective, inflammatory pericarditis related with generalized disease such as end-stage renal disease or connective tissue disease and irradiation, postpericardiectomy syndrome, drugs and non-inflammatory pericarditis by malignancy, hypothyroidism, trauma on chest. In children, pericardial effusions are usually related with viral infection, generalized disease or cardiac surgery. We experienced three unusual cases of pericadial effusion by Mycoplasma pneumonia infection, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection and post-thoracotomy effusive constrictive pericarditis.
Bacterial Infections ; Child ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pericarditis ; Pericarditis, Constrictive ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Rickettsia Infections ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thorax