The dual muscle flap (Latissimus dorsi+ Serratus anterior muscle) based on the thoraco-dorsal vascular system for limb reconstruction has been infrequently reported. We have used this flap as a free flap for limb reconstruction in four patients (3 cases in lower linb, 1 in upper limb). A Latissmusi dorsi muscle or musculocutaneous flap and Serratus anterior muscle flap were used and all cases healed satisfactorily. The indications for this flap are to resurface two separate defects simultaneously or to resurface very large defects. It has the advantage of requiring anastomosis of one vascular pedicle only. This flap is particularly suitable for resurfacing defects wider than their length, in relation to the long axis of the limb.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Extremities* ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Myocutaneous Flap

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is associated with a characteristic neuropathology. The major hallmarks of AD are senile plaques(SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs). beta-amyloid protein(Abeta) is derived from the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein(APP) and then converted to SPs. Mature SPs produce cytotoxicity through direct toxic effects and activation of microglia and complement. NFTs are composed of paired helical filaments(PHFs) including abnormally phosphorylated form of the microtubule-associated protein(MAP) tau and increased tau level in cerebrospinal fluid may be observed in most AD. The aggregation of Abeta and tau formation are thought to be a final common pathway of AD. Acetycholine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA and their receptors are associated with AD. Especially, decreased nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs) in AD are reported. Genetic lesions associated with AD are mutations in the structural genes for the APP located on chromosome 21, presenilin(PSN)1 located on chromosome 14 and PSN2 located on chromosome 1. Also, trisomy 21, Apo-E gene located on chromosome 19, PMF locus, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and alpha-macroglobulin increase risk of AD. In this article, we will review about the neurobioloby of AD and some newly developed research areas.
Acetylcholine ; Alzheimer Disease* ; Amyloid ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Apolipoproteins E ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Complement System Proteins ; Dopamine ; Down Syndrome ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Genetics ; Lipoproteins ; Microglia ; Neurobiology* ; Proteolysis ; Serotonin

It is not infrequent to observe the reeurrence of the Bakers cyst. Recurrence of the cystic lesions are more frequent in wide based type than in pedicle type due to difficult ,identification and inadequate eradication of the cyst wall. We injected methylene blue into the cyst after aspiration of the fluid. Blue stained wall enables the surgeons to idendify the whole inner surface of the cyst, and lessens the chance of missing a portion of it. We could reduce the recurrence rate near to zero percent after adopting this technique upto now. Broad based type is more prone to recurr and the whole recurred five cases were belong to this type.
Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Knee ; Methylene Blue ; Popliteal Cyst ; Recurrence ; Surgeons

In traumatic knee dislocation, vascular injury is one of the most serious complication. After pertinent management of acute vascular problems, we should take care of the ligamentous injury involving both the ACL and PCL which are the main causes of knee instability, and consequent traumatic degenerative changes. No standard technique of reconstruction has been reported concerning these ligamentous injuries up to now as far as we know. Authors tried a new management which reconstruction was done simultaneously on both the ACL and PCL injuries. Bone-Achilles tendon autograft was used as PCL substitute in all the cases, and which turned out to be a very efficient one for the control of anterior-posterior displasement as well as rotary instability. Bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft or bone-Achilles tendon autograft was good for the reconstruction of the ACL bone-patellar tendon-bone in two cases, bone-Achilles tendon in two cases, and semitendinosus tendon also in two cases. After 6 months of operation, all the patient returned to the previous level of walking without crutches. This management showed outstanding results in terms of knee stability and subjective symptoms.
Achilles Tendon ; Autografts ; Crutches ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Knee Dislocation ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Tendons ; Vascular System Injuries ; Walking

No abstract available.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Autografts* ; Tendons* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.

Diltiazem(Herben(R)) was orally administered in a daily dose of 180mg over 8 weeks to 15 patients with angina pectoris requiring minimum 5 tablets of nitroglycerin per week. The symptom of angina pectoris was scored according to frequency and character of anginal attacks and the number of nitroglycerin tablets used was recorded during the Diltiazem therapy. We noted significant decrease of the score of anginal attack and the number of nitroglycerin tablets used during the course of Diltiazem therapy. No significant change in blood pressure, heart rate and the product of systolic blood pressure and heart rate was noted during the course of Diltiazem therapy. It is possibel that Diltiazem improved ischemic heart disease by slightly decreasing myocardial oxygen demand and increasing blood flow to the ischemic areas by dilatation of coronary arteries and collateral vessels. There was no abnormal change in laboratory findings during the Diltiazem treatment. These findings suggest that Diltiazem(Herben(R)) is a favorable and safe antianginal agent useful for longterm treatment of anginal pectoris.
Angina Pectoris* ; Blood Pressure ; Coronary Vessels ; Dilatation ; Diltiazem ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Nitroglycerin ; Oxygen ; Tablets

No abstract available.
Nuchal Cord* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Pigmentation*

No abstract available.
Pigmentation*