Malignant tumor is found in 1-2% of ovarian benign cystic teratomas. Among these malignant neoplasms, squamous cell carcinoma is by far the most common malignancy, whereas the incidence of struma ovarii is less than 5% in mature teratoma. As far as concerned the struma ovarii, a very small percentage is associated with carcinoid, mucinous or serous cystadenoma, or Brenner tumor. However, any reports of struma ovarii associated with squamous cell carcinoma in the same ovary could not be found in English literature. Recently we have experienced a case of squamous cell carcinoma and struma ovarii arising in an ovarian benign cystic teratoma in 72 year old female patient.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence

We aimed to understand the molecular changes in host cells that accompany infection by the seasonal influenza A H1N1 virus because the initial response rapidly changes owing to the fact that the virus has a robust initial propagation phase. Human epithelial alveolar A549 cells were infected and total RNA was extracted at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h post infection (h.p.i.). The differentially expressed host genes were clustered into two distinct sets of genes as the infection progressed over time. The patterns of expression were significantly different at the early stages of infection. One of the responses showed roles similar to those associated with the enrichment gene sets to known ‘gp120 pathway in HIV.’ This gene set contains genes known to play roles in preventing the progress of apoptosis, which infected cells undergo as a response to viral infection. The other gene set showed enrichment of ‘Drug Metabolism Enzymes (DMEs).’ The identification of two distinct gene sets indicates that the virus regulates the cell's mechanisms to create a favorable environment for its stable replication and protection of gene metabolites within 8 h.
Apoptosis ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gene Expression Regulation ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans* ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human* ; Lung* ; Metabolism ; RNA ; Seasons

The vaginal stone associated with vesico-vaginal fistula is quite rare and its cause, frequency, composition and others are poorly understood. We report a case of huge vaginal stone associated with vesico-vaginal fistula in 57 years old woman. considering of the possible causes of stone formation in the vagina and its composition, prevention, treatment complication and others. A stone, 6 x 7 x 5cm in size, was removed by litholapaxy. The stone was composed of uric acid, magnesium ammonium phosphate and carbonate appetite.
Ammonium Compounds ; Appetite ; Carbon ; Female ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Magnesium ; Middle Aged ; Uric Acid ; Vagina ; Vesicovaginal Fistula

Congenital renal arteriovenous malformation is a rare lesion. Nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy is a well-known treatment and as alternative method, transcatheter embolization therapy has been developed. We report a case of congenital arteriovenous malformation manifested by intermittent right flank pain and gross hematuria with blood clots, cured by means of transcatheter embolization therapy during angiographic study with polyvinyl alcohol foam (IVALON).
Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy ; Polyvinyl Alcohol

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical features of patients with macular edema persisting for three months after a successful vitrectomy and removal of the epiretinal membrane. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 32 patients (32 eyes) with epiretinal membranes who underwent pars plana vitrectomies and membranectomies from January 2005 to September 2008. The patients selected for the study underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) which revealed macular edema. Macular edema is defined as central macular thickness measuring over 300 m. Several factors including age, presence of systemic disorders, preoperative visual acuity, surgical technique, preoperative state of the macula, and the response to treatment for macular edema were reviewed. RESULTS: Eight out of 32 eyes (25%) had no improvement of visual acuity after surgery of the epiretinal membrane. Six out of 32 eyes (18.75%) persisted in their macular edema. No common features were detected. All patients showed no improvement of visual acuity after their vitrectomies. Two of the eyes were treated with intravitreal or subtenon triamcinolone injection or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory eye drops. Only one eye (16.7%) achieved visual improvement as of the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a successful vitrectomy and membranectomy, macular edema can remain without any specific cause. Persistantmacular edema appears to be a main cause of poor visual outcome and tends to resist conventional treatment.
Edema ; Epiretinal Membrane ; Eye ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Triamcinolone ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

A clinical study was made on 68 cases of neonatal meningitis occuring under the age of 1 month at the department of Pediatrics at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine from 1st Jan. 1965 to 31th Dec. 1981. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.8:1 approximately. Neonatal predisposing factors significantly associated with neonatal meningitis were omphalitis(14 cases), skin infection (13 cases), birth injury (9 cases) and pneumonia (8 cases) etc. The most common maternal predisposing factor was difficult labor (13 cases). In 27 out of the 68 cultured CSF, the most common organisms were E. coli (29.6%), Staphylococcus coagulase(+) (22.2%) and Beta meholytic streptococcus (22.2%). Gram negative organisms were found in 12 cases (44.4%). The most common presenting symptoms were non-specific in nature -an elevated or subnormal body temperature, convulsion, poor feeding, irritability, jaundice and vomiting in that order of frequency. The presence of a poor Moro reflex, neck stiffness, unconsciousness or convulsion correlated with the high mortality rate significantly. Complications and sequelae included convulsion(11 cases), subdural effusion (8 cases), candida infection (8 cases), hydrocephalus (2 cases) and cerebral hemorrhage (2 cases) in that order of frequency. In the 68 cases, there were 29 mortalities or 42.6%.
Age Factors ; Female ; Human ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Meningitis/diagnosis ; Meningitis/epidemiology* ; Prognosis

Congenital anterior urethral diverticulum is presented as a cause of urinary tract obstruction and is rate in young male. We report a case of congenital anterior urethral diverticulum developed in 3 year old male child.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diverticulum* ; Humans ; Male ; Urinary Tract

Primary carcinoma of the urethra is quite rare. The causes of the disease are poorly understood. It is the only urologic malignancy. known to be less common in males than females, despite of the greater length and complexity of the urethra in the male. We report a case of carcinoma of the urethra in 81 years old male patient.
Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male* ; Urethra*

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of pars plana vitrectomy and gas tamponade on corneal endothelial cell density. METHODS: The corneal endothelial cell density in 145 eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy was examined with a noncontact specular microscope 3 months pre- and post-operation. The subjects were divided as follows: Group 1 (32 eyes) underwent pars plana vitrectomy, group 2 (26 eyes) underwent pars plana vitrectomy combined with gas tamponade, group 3 (34 eyes) underwent pars plana vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and group 4 (48 eyes) underwent pars plana vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and gas tamponade. The changes in corneal endothelial cell density between groups was compared. RESULTS: The mean endothelial cell loss was more significant in group 2 than in group 1 (p = 0.012), and there was no difference between groups 3 and 4 (p = 0.063). However, after excluding 6 eyes that had blood in the center of the corneal endothelium as a result of being in the prone position following gas tamponade, the mean endothelial cell loss in group 2 was not less than in group 1. In eyes with blood in the corneal endothelium, endothelial cell loss significantly increased (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that ophthalmic surgeons should attempt to carefully control bleeding and sufficiently irrigate the vitreous during pars plana vitrectomy combined with gas tamponade.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Eye ; Hemorrhage ; Phacoemulsification ; Prone Position ; Vitrectomy

We have experienced two cases of the Cri Du Chat Syndrome. The first case, 1 and 11/12 year old female, was admitted to evaluated profound mental retardation and failure to thrive. The other, 3 month old female, visit this dept for cat-like cry. They had the typical clinical characteristics of the Cri Du Chat Syndrome and showed showed the classical chromosome abnormality (46, XX 5p-), revealed by cytogenetic study.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Cri-du-Chat Syndrome ; Cytogenetics ; Failure to Thrive ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability