No abstract available.
Atrophy* ; Temporal Lobe*

No abstract available in English.
Arthritis, Infectious ; Dislocations ; Hip

BACKGROUND: To describe the fast experience of case-leased advanced cardiac life support(ACLC) course in Korea. METHODS: We have given case-based ACLC course to 13 nurses(6 emergency nurses, 4 coronary care unit muses, 3 professors) and 17 physicians(4 emergency physicians, 12 emergency residents, 1 intem). We performed the case-based ACLS course according to 1992 American Heart Association guidelines and recommendations for advanced cardiac life support by american ACLS instructors(1 pulmonologist, 4 critical care nurses). We performed final theoretical written test and 2 times written survey (immediate and 100th day after the course) about the course. RESULTS: On final written test, all practitioners answered at leasts 70% of the questions correctly. There was no significant difference between nurses and physicians(86.2+/-3.6 of physicians and 82.5+/-6.8 of nurses, p=0.06). 90%of participants considered that case-based advanced cardiac life support was acceptable. 100th day after the course, 93%of participants answered that ACLS course have been helpful on his/her job and also want retraining of ACLS course. 70%of participants considered that ideal ACLS training committee in Korea is the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine. CONCLUSION: Case-based ACLS course is a useful educational method far physicians and nurses in Korea. In the future, we should organize Korean resuscitation committee and then make guidelines for ACLS, and then continuously educate physicians and nurses.
Adult* ; Advanced Cardiac Life Support ; Alprostadil ; American Heart Association ; Coronary Care Units ; Critical Care ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medicine ; Humans ; Korea* ; Resuscitation

In 1958, Jackson first reported on the use of proximal tibial osteotomy in the treatment of pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Subsequently, various osteotomy techniques have been reported. The varus deformity of the knee associated with osteoarthritis can be corrected by realigning the joint and thereby shifting the line of weight bearing to the compartment with preserved articular cartilage. This procedure has been found to relieve pain, improve function and arrest the progress of the condition. Twenty five cases of genu varum associated with osteoarthritis were treated by high tibial osteotomy at Dept. of O.S., Seoul National University Hospital, from July 1976 to June 1983. And the following results were obtained. 1. In a review of 25 high tibial osteotomies, excellent and good results were noted in 80% of the knees after average follow-up 2.9 years. 2. Postoperative valgus angles, ranging from 5° to 20°, were averaged to be 10.8°. 3. Though some authors indicate the obesity as one of risk factors, we obtained satisfactory results in 25 knees of obese patients.
Cartilage, Articular ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genu Varum ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Obesity ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteotomy ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.
Femur Neck* ; Fractures, Stress*

Background: This study compared and analyzed various concentrations of mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) gel, commercialacidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF-gel), and Tooth MousseTM (TM) to evaluate the enamel remineralization effect of early dental caries. Methods: The samples prepared using sound bovine teeth were subjected to MBG gel, APF-gel, and TM to measure changes insurface hardness (Vickers hardness number, VHN) and fluorescence loss values compared to those of sound teeth (ΔF).Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), Friedman’s ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The VHN was significantly increased after the two treatments compared to the initial VHN in all other groups, with theexception of the APF gel group (p＜0.05). Compared to the initial ΔF, the APF-gel group significantly decreased ΔF after two treatments, and the remaining groups exhibited significantly increased ΔF (p＜0.05). The MBG group exhibited significantly higher ΔF values than those of the APF gel and TM groups (p＜0.05). Conclusion The MBG group exerted a significantly higher remineralization effect than that of the APF gel group and exhibited asimilar or slightly higher remineralization effect compared to that of the TM group.

Background: This study compared and analyzed various concentrations of mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) gel, commercialacidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF-gel), and Tooth MousseTM (TM) to evaluate the enamel remineralization effect of early dental caries. Methods: The samples prepared using sound bovine teeth were subjected to MBG gel, APF-gel, and TM to measure changes insurface hardness (Vickers hardness number, VHN) and fluorescence loss values compared to those of sound teeth (ΔF).Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), Friedman’s ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The VHN was significantly increased after the two treatments compared to the initial VHN in all other groups, with theexception of the APF gel group (p＜0.05). Compared to the initial ΔF, the APF-gel group significantly decreased ΔF after two treatments, and the remaining groups exhibited significantly increased ΔF (p＜0.05). The MBG group exhibited significantly higher ΔF values than those of the APF gel and TM groups (p＜0.05). Conclusion The MBG group exerted a significantly higher remineralization effect than that of the APF gel group and exhibited asimilar or slightly higher remineralization effect compared to that of the TM group.

Background: This study compared and analyzed various concentrations of mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) gel, commercialacidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF-gel), and Tooth MousseTM (TM) to evaluate the enamel remineralization effect of early dental caries. Methods: The samples prepared using sound bovine teeth were subjected to MBG gel, APF-gel, and TM to measure changes insurface hardness (Vickers hardness number, VHN) and fluorescence loss values compared to those of sound teeth (ΔF).Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), Friedman’s ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The VHN was significantly increased after the two treatments compared to the initial VHN in all other groups, with theexception of the APF gel group (p＜0.05). Compared to the initial ΔF, the APF-gel group significantly decreased ΔF after two treatments, and the remaining groups exhibited significantly increased ΔF (p＜0.05). The MBG group exhibited significantly higher ΔF values than those of the APF gel and TM groups (p＜0.05). Conclusion The MBG group exerted a significantly higher remineralization effect than that of the APF gel group and exhibited asimilar or slightly higher remineralization effect compared to that of the TM group.

BACKGROUND: The goal of successful resuscitation is not only to stop the process of ischemia as soon as possible but also to overcome the secondary injury process after resuscitation, which involves a complex interplay of mechanisms. Brain damage accompanying cardiac arrest and resuscitation is frequent and devastating. Cells die by one of two mechanisms: necrosis or delayed neuronal death. Delayed neuronal death may require protein synthesis. Neurons in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus are selectively vulnerable to death after injury by ischemia and reperfusion. Death of these neurons occurs after an interval of 1 or 2 days. We assessed the effects of a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide(CHX), on hippocampal neuronal death of rats by using the ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest(VFCA) model. METHODS: The effect of CHX(3mg/kg, s.c.) on hippocampal neuronal death was studied in two groups of 18 rats each, one group being subjected to a 2-min VFCA and the other to a 3-min VFCA. Each group was divided into three subgroups: control(group I,II) without subcutaneous injection of CHX, 'exp-12' of group I/II treated with CHX 12 hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and 'exp-24' of group I/II treated with CHX 24 hours after ROSC. The coronal sections of the hippocampus levels were stained with hematoxylin-eosin after 72 hours of survival. The histologic damage score(HDS) was used to assign a score to the total number of damaged neurons counted in each of the hippocampal CA1 subfields. RESULTS: 1. There were not significan differences in heart rates, blood pressures, blood sugar, and blood gas in group I & II during the pre-arrest steady state or at 5 min and 30 min after ROSC. 2. In group I & II, the HDS, were significantly reduced in rats(I exp-12, 1.1+/-0.6; I exp-24, 1.3+/-0.5; II exp-12, 1.4+/-0.7; and II exp-24, 1.8+/-0.8) treated with CHX 12 hours or 24 hours after ROSC than control rats(I, 2.5+/-0.9, II, 2.9+/-0.8)(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that delayed hippocampal neuronal death from ischemic insult after ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest followed by resuscitation can be prevented by a protein synthesis inhibitor, CHX. Further experimental studies of the action mechanism of protein synthesis inhibitors to delayed neuronal death and clinical applications are required.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Brain ; Heart Arrest* ; Heart Rate ; Hippocampus ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Ischemia ; Necrosis ; Neurons* ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ; Rats* ; Reperfusion ; Resuscitation ; Ventricular Fibrillation*

In order to describe the demographics, etiologic and clinical factors, and outcomes of orbital fractures in children, we have reviewed a case series of 17 patients under 18 years of age with internal orbital fractures (i.e., without involvement of the orbital rim) presenting to the Ghil hospital between March 2000 and June 2001. For 15 of the patients, we performed orbital wall reconstruction with Medpor (R) barrier sheet implantation (thickness 1mm) through transconjunctival approach under endoscopic guidance, while maintaining mere observation on the other 2 patients. There were 14 male and 3 female patients. The most common cause of fractures was accident (7 cases). Inferior wall involvement was most commonly seen, and the trapdoor type fracture was the most common. Thirteen patients had extraocular muscle restriction, 9 had nausea/vomiting and 5 had bradycardia. Diplopia of 9 patients disappeared after 43+/-23 days. Nausea/vomiting and bradycardia disappeared rapidly after surgical intervention in all cases. These results suggest that trapdoor fractures with soft tissue entrapment are the most common in pediatric orbital wall fractures, and that most of them are associated with nausea/vomiting. We suggest that early diagnosis, and prompt surgical intervention are required for those patients with oculocardiac reflex.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Endoscopy ; Female ; Human ; Male ; *Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures ; Orbit/surgery ; Orbital Fractures/*diagnosis/radiography/*surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; *Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed