No abstract available.
Animals* ; Brain* ; Hypothermia* ; Models, Animal*

No abstract available.
Adult ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytes

BACKGROUND: The ischemia responsive protein 94 kDa(irp94) gene belongs to the heat shock protein 110 family and was isolated in 1999 from rat brain by transiently induced forebrain ischemia. The PC12 cell is the pheochromocytoma cell line of rat, which is differentiated to a sympathetic neuron-like cell by the stimulation of a nerve growth factor. This study is to determine whether irp94 is expressed when an ischemia-like condition is induced by ATP depletion in cultured PC12 cells in vitro. METHODS: PC12 cells were maintained as monolayer cultures in RPMI-1640 medium(Sigma) supplemented with 10% horse serum, 5% fetal bovine serum, 5 mg/ml transferrin, and 1 mg/ml insulin in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator at 37degrees C. The ATP depleting agent antimycin A was added at concentrations of 1, 2.5, and 5 microM to simulate ischemia, and 10 microgram/ml of tunicamycin, which is expected to express heat shock protein maximally, was used as a positive control. The cells were harvested after a 60-minute incubation, and the total RNA was extracted. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed to use 501 bp irp94 cDNA as a molecular probe, and the expression of irp94 mRNA was analyzed by northern blotting. RESULTS: The irp94 mRNA expression was enhanced, compared to the negative control group, as the concentration of antimycin A was increased. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that irp94 mRNA expression is enhanced as the severity of ischemia is increased. Thus, it is possible to investigate the mechanism of ischemic neuronal injury indirectly by using this in-vitro model of neuronal ischemia.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Antimycin A ; Blotting, Northern ; Brain ; Cell Culture Techniques* ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Expression* ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Horses ; HSP110 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Humans ; Incubators ; Insulin ; Ischemia* ; Molecular Probes ; Nerve Growth Factor ; Neurons* ; PC12 Cells ; Prosencephalon ; Rats ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Transferrin ; Tunicamycin

PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) has been known to visualize hyperacute ischemic stroke. And it takes only a few minutes to do. Moreover only a small amount of time and little cost is required to add T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) to DWI. The purpose of this study is to determine the usefulness of T2WI in addition to DWI as a primary imaging modality for patients with suspected ischemic stroke. METHODS: DWI plus T2WI was performed from January to May 2001 on the patients with suspected ischemic stroke. Two emergency physicians reviewed the films and medical records. The sensitivity and the specificity of DWI and T2WI for acute ischemic stroke were calculated. The agreement between DWI and T2WI was calculated using kappa statistics. RESULTS: A total of 241 patients were enrolled. Acute ischemic stroke was confirmed in 86 (35.7%) patients. The sensitivity and the specificity of DWI for acute ischemic stroke were 94.2% and 98.7%, and those for T2WI were 60.5% and 94.2%, respectively. The kappa value was 0.721 (p<0.01). Among the 86 acute ischemic stroke patients, the number of cases who presented less than 6 hours after symptom onset was significantly lower in the T2WI positive group (31% vs. 68.7%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the addition of T2WI to DWI as a primary imaging modality for acute ischemic stroke has little benefit compared to DWI alone, especially, when the symptom duration has been less than 6 hours.
Emergencies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Medical Records ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stroke*

Cervical endonetriosis with cystic change is extremely rare lesion. We experienced onecase of cervical endometriosis in 33 year old woman, who had no symptoms, so we reprot thecase and brief review of literatures.
Adult ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Calcinosis* ; Humans ; Infant*

No abstract available.
Anal Canal* ; Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome*

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular neoplasm characterized by epithelioid tumor cells and borderline biologic behavior. We present a case of grade III malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the skull and brain parenchyme in a 58-year-old female. The tumor consisted of loose aggregates of epithelioid cells with a focal small nest pattern and tumor cells displayed frequent intracytoplasmic vacuoles and contained areas with significant atypia and mitotic activity(more than 2/10 HPF). Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed positive staining for facor VIII-RGA and vimentin. Radiological and histopathologic characteristics of this tumor with a review of pertinent literature is presented.
Brain ; Epithelioid Cells ; Female ; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Skull ; Vacuoles ; Vascular Neoplasms ; Vimentin

We experienced a case in which yeasts in blood sample from a patient with cervical cancer with hepatic metastasis and multiple intraperitoneal cysts interfered with platelet morphology flag in automated blood analyzer. The peripheral blood smear was performed to confirm the flag and revealed intracellular and extracellular yeasts, which were subsequently identified as Candida parapsilosis by blood culture.
Blood Platelets ; Candida ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Yeasts

Purpose: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to muscle atrophy and weakness. To understand the diagnostic process of Korean patients with SMA, we analyzed their clinical characteristics and challenges. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 38 patients with SMA (9 type II and 29 type III) between January 2000 and September 2023. Clinical, laboratory, and genetic data were reviewed. Results: The median ages at symptom onset and diagnosis were 3.0 years [interquartile range (IQR): 1.0–7.3 years] and 25.0 years (IQR: 10.5–37.3 years), respectively. The median diagnostic delay was 19.6 years (IQR: 6.4–31.0 years). A significantly longer delay was observed in SMA type III patients (median: 21.0 years, IQR: 11.0–31.0 years) compared to SMA type II patients (median: 3.0 years, IQR: 0.9–21.0 years) (p=0.021). No significant difference was observed in the number of clinic visits before diagnosis between patients with SMA type II (median: 2.0, IQR: 1.0–4.5) and those with type III (median: 2.0, IQR: 2.0–6.0, p=0.282). The number of clinic visits before diagnosis showed no significant association with the age at symptom onset and diagnosis (p=0.998 and 0.291, respectively). Conclusion Our investigation is the first examination of the diagnostic journey of Korean patients with SMA. As treatments for SMA progress, the significance of an accurate diagnosis has increased, highlighting the importance of reviewing the diagnostic advancements made thus far.