In order to find out a valuable control measure for soil-transmitted parasties, the infectivity in mice of Ascaris eggs irradiated with Cobalt(60) were examined. The results were summarised as follows. In vitro, Ascaris eggs irradiated with larger doses of Cobalt(60) developed poorly, and no difference was found between fresh eggs and those cultured for a few days. Ascaris eggs irradiated with doses of 200,000 rad. developed at the rate of 90 percent after 4 weeks, whereas those irradiated with 1,000,000 rad. developed 28 percent. Ascaris eggs irradiated with Cobalt(60) after 2 weeks of culture were poor in development compared with those of 4 week culture. Eggs cultured for 5 weeks showed weaker infectivity in mice than those cultured for 8 weeks. In the control groups, the infectivity in mice of Ascaris eggs was remained the same between 5 and 8 weeks. The minimum dose of Cobalt(60) irradiation effective for preventing infectivity in mice was estimated to be 200,000 rad.
parasiotology ; radiology ; prevention ; Ascaris suum ; nematode ; Cobalt(60) ; irradiation

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the effects of education regarding action plans according to a self-monitoring program on self-management adherence, knowledge, symptom control, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among adults with asthma. METHODS: Thirty-four patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group and thirty-two to the control group in this study. A tailored 50-minute intervention based on the contents of self-monitoring and action plans developed by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute was provided to the intervention group. Structured and well developed questionnaires were used to measure the dependent variables. RESULTS: There were no differences in all general and clinical characteristics, and the dependent variables between two groups in the pre-test. In the post-test, there were differences in the level of self-management adherence (t=4.41, p<.001), knowledge (t=2.26, p=.027), symptom control (t=-2.56, p=.013), and total HRQoL (t=2.14, p=.036) between the two groups, although there was a difference only in the sub-domain of emotion (t=2.03, p=.047) in HRQoL. CONCLUSION: This study found that action plans according to self-monitoring that enhance a participatory interaction in the treatment and care could help patients with moderate to severe asthma to engagead equately in self-care, to control their symptoms, and to improve their HRQoL. Further studies are still needed to identify longitudinal effects of this program.
Adult* ; Asthma* ; Compliance ; Education* ; Heart ; Humans ; Lung ; Quality of Life* ; Self Care*

Well known predisposing factors of asthmatic attack are emotional factors, autonomic nerve dysfunctions, immunologic factors, endocrinologic factors and respiratory track infections. In addition, environmental factors are also important. Meteorological factors-temperature, air pre-ssure, relative humidity-seem to bo the mail triggering agents. According to our clinical experience, the hospotal admission rate of asthmatic children is hi-gher in certain seasons than in other seasons. In response to this observation, a study was conducted to determine the effects of weather and respiratory tract infections on the occurren-ce of asthmatic children in the department of Pediatrics at Severance Hospital, Yonsei Univers-ity, College of Medicine from Jan. 1976 to Dec. 1980. Meteorological data was supplied by the Central Meteorological Office, Seoul, Korea. Results were as follows; 1. The admission rate of asthmatic children was the higher in Autumn (10.8%) than in other seasons. 2. The monthly admission rate of asthmatic children was the highest in September (5.3%) and the lowest in January (0.3%). 3. During the period of rapid decrease of temperature from the highest monthly mean temp-erature in a year, the admission rate of asthmatic children was the highest. The monthly mean temperature of this period was under 18.6degrees C(16~21degrees C). 4. The admission rates of asthmaftic children are tend to be increased at the monthly mean relative humidity range of 66~72% (the average 67.2%). 5. During the period of an increase of monthly average range of temperature, the admission rate of asthmatic children is also increased. 6. During the period of rapid fluctuation of air pressure, the admission rate of asthmatic chil-dren is also increased. 7. There was no significant correlation between asthmatic attacks and respiratory infections.
Air Pressure ; Asthma* ; Autonomic Pathways ; Causality ; Child* ; Humans ; Humidity ; Immunologic Factors ; Korea ; Pediatrics ; Postal Service ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Seasons* ; Seoul ; Weather

Families of children with cancer face many illness-related demands. The perceived social support is a critical resource for the family adaptation process. And the patterns of family adaptation to childhood cancer varies as characteristics of disease, which is prognosis, the influence of cognition function, and treatment process. The conceptual definition of social support is not unidimensional. However, most studies focus on general aspect of mediating effects on adaptation. Diverse dimensions of perceived social support should be considered in its effectiveness for intervention. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine whether family's perceived social support influences the family adaptation of family with pediatric cancer and what dimension influences mostly in family adaptation as the characteristics of disease in the family of children with cancer. The subject was consisted of 102 families with pediatric cancer who had been diagnosed as leukemia or brain tumor last 2 years. Those families had participated in the education program or meetings for family who have with pediatric cancer children. The measurement for this study were Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ) Part- ll developed by Brandt and Weinert to measure parents' perceived social support, and the McCubbin's Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) to measure family coping. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; Regression analysis showed that perceived social support has effect on family adaptation with beta=.43, p < .01. In the group of family of child with leukemia, social support as general has effect on adaptation (beta=.40, p < .01) and specially, social support perceived as intimacy was strongly effect on family adaptation. And In the group of brain tumor, Social support has effect on adaptation(beta=.46, p < .01) and among the social support domains, the self esteem dimension was most predictable to family adaptation. In conclusion, the perceived social support is a predictor on family adaptation and useful vehicle to help family who has child with pediatric cancer. An important clinical implication is that specified support program for intervention may be useful and critical for the family who has diverse pediatric conditions of childhood cancer. Further studies should stress the effects of family support for clinical intervention and is needed with diverse stage of development and pediatric conditions.
Brain Neoplasms ; Child* ; Cognition ; Education ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Negotiating ; Parents ; Prognosis ; Self Concept ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Fatal complications including cerebral edema and neurologic collapse occur during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA). A 6-week-old female infant with fever, dehydration and drowsy mental status was diagnosed as DKA and neurologically deteriorated during treatment. The cranial computed tomography scan revealed multifocal brain infarctions of the left caudate nucleus, bilateral frontal periventricular white matter, and right parietal cortex. A moderate amount of hemorrhage was also noted in both lateral ventricles. She recovered rapidly with supportive treatment over time. The clinical course and radiologic findings of this patient emphasize the importance of brain infarction as a cause of persistent neurologic loss in children with DKA.
Brain Edema ; Brain Infarction* ; Brain* ; Caudate Nucleus ; Child ; Dehydration ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis* ; Female ; Fever ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Lateral Ventricles ; Rabeprazole

No abstract available.
Lipomatosis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of family strain, perceived social support, family hardiness, and family adaptation and identify the family resiliency factors for the adaptation of families who have a child with congenital heart disease. METHOD: The sample consisted of 90 families who had a child diagnosed with congenital heart disease and completed surgical treatment. Data was collected from parents using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Results from path analyses revealed that family strain had a direct effect on both perceived social support and family hardiness, and an indirect effect on family adaptation. Also, the findings revealed that perceived social support had a direct effect on both family hardiness and family adaptation, and family hardiness had a direct effect on family adaptation. Thus, these results indicated that perceived social support and family hardiness had a mediating effect on family strain. CONCLUSION: Findings provide the evidence for the theoretical and empirical significance of perceived social support and family hardiness as family resiliency factors for family adaptation. Clinical implications of these findings might be discussed in terms of family-centered nursing interventions for the families who have a child with congenital heart disease based on an understanding of family resiliency for adaptation.
*Adaptation, Psychological ; Child ; Family/*psychology ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*psychology/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Questionnaires ; Social Support

We evaulated the effectiveness and adverse effects of deep sclerectomy with collagen implant (DSCI), which is a kind of nonpenetrating filtering surgery. In this retrospective study, DSCI was performed in 15 eyes of 11 glaucoma patients. An trabeculo-Descemet's membrane (TDM) window is created by a deep sclerokeratectomy, and the collagen implant is placed in the sclera bed under a superficial flap (deep sclerectomy with collagen implant). In 3 of 15 eyes the DSCI was intraoperatively converted to conventional filtering surgery for a large perforation of the TDM. These eyes were not included in the results of the surgical outcomes. The mean age of the patients was 50.3 +/- 14.4 years, and the mean follow-up period was 11.1 +/- 5.9 months. A diagnosis of chronic open angle glaucoma was made in 7 eyes and a diagnosis of secondary glaucoma in 5 eyes. The mean preoperative IOP was 25.8 +/- 11.9 mmHg, the immediate postoperative IOP was 6.4 +/- 2.9 mmHg, and at the final follow-up, the IOP was 11.9 +/- 2.5 mmHg. The IOP in 5 eyes was under 6 mmHg temporarily. However, there was no serious complication such as shallow anterior chamber. DSCI is considered to be a good surgical procedure that has similar surgical outcomes to a conventional trabeculectomy without serious complications.
Adult ; Aged ; Collagen/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Female ; Glaucoma/etiology/*surgery ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; *Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures ; *Prostheses and Implants ; Retrospective Studies ; Sclera/*surgery ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the assertive behavior of asking smokers not to smoke and investigate the factors related to assertive behavior in patients with vascular diseases. METHODS: Participants were 203 adult Korean patients with vascular diseases such as cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction. Data were collected using questionnaires that included the characteristics of secondhand smoke (SHS), secondhand smoke-related variables (Health belief model factors, health promotion model factors) and level of assertive behavior. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 18.0 were performed. RESULTS: Participants who never ask smokers not to smoke was 39.9%, whereas participants who always ask was 7.4%. There was a weak positive relationship between assertive behavior and susceptibility to disease (r=.18), severity of disease (r=.19), benefit of assertive behavior to SHS exposure (r=.10), barrier of assertive behavior to SHS exposure (r=.24), and self-rated health (r=.21) respectively. There was a moderate positive relationship between assertive behavior and self-efficacy of assertive behavior to SHS exposure (r=.49). Health belief model factors explained 15.7% variance and health promotion model factors explained 27.0% of assertive behavior. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that self-efficacy of assertive behavior to SHS exposure is a very important factor. Therefore the development of a program to foster self-efficacy of assertive behavior regarding SHS exposure in patients with vascular diseases is needed.
Adult ; Assertiveness ; Cerebral Infarction ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Smoke* ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; Vascular Diseases*