Under the assumption that people go through stages in making dietary behavior change, this study was attempted to apply the stages of a change model for fat intake by examining the associations of social psychological variables with stages of change in dietary fat reduction. Derived from social psychological theories, 10 social psychological variables on motivational beliefs(6), social influence(3) and self-efficacy(1) related specifically to selecting every day diets low in fat were constructed. Fat and energy intakes were assessed by a short form semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The associations of stages of change with motivational beliefs, social influence, and self-efficacy variables and energy and fat intakes were assessed in 333 female adults from large cities in Korea. Dietary stage groups differed significantly on most of the social psychological variables in ways predicted by theory. Motivational factors that lead to a psychological state of readiness to take action were important in the early stages of the dietary change process. Social influences were more important in the stages as people decide to take action. Self efficacy and motivational beliefs, particularly, reduction of perceived barriers were important in maintaining fat reduction behavior. The results of our study indicate differences in stages of change in fat reduction behavior in terms of nutrient intakes and social psychological correlates and suggests that adding a time dimension to social psychological models increases our understanding of dietary change, which assist us in designing nutrition education interventions that are more appropriately targeted by stage of change.
Adult* ; Diet ; Dietary Fats ; Education ; Female* ; Humans ; Korea ; Models, Psychological ; Psychological Theory ; Self Efficacy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Accessory renal artery (ARA) is a kind of developmental anomaly in renal artery. It is important in respect to clinical medicine, for example primary hypertension, renovascular disease, inferior vena caval obstruction, ureteral obstruction, occurrence of other vascular anomalies such as accessory renal veins, surgical importance and renal transplantation. However, up to few research of ARA was reported in dissection of cadavers. In our dissecting theater, 12 accessory renal arteries for 10 cadavers were found during dissection the 22 cadavers from 1995 to 1996. 1. Two cases were bilateral and 8 cases were unilateral accessory renal arteries. 2. Seven cases were left and 5 cases were right accessory renal arteries. 3. Two cases originated at the abdominal aorta between celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery, 7 cases originated between superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery, and 3 cases originated below inferior mesenteric artery. 4. Seven cases have no branches during their courses, 4 cases have 3 branches, and a case has 2 branches. 5. Seven cases entered into renal parenchyma through renal hilum, 5 cases entered into apical and arterosuperior segments, and 6 cases entered into inferior segment.
Aorta, Abdominal ; Cadaver ; Clinical Medicine ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Kidney Transplantation ; Mesenteric Arteries ; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Renal Artery* ; Renal Veins ; Ureteral Obstruction

Although the incidence and mortality for most cancers such as lung and colon are decreasing in several countries, they are increasing in several developed countries because of an unhealthy western lifestyles including smoking, physical inactivity and consumption of calorie-dense food. The incidences for lung and colon cancers in a few of these countries have already exceeded those in the United States and other western countries. Among them, lung cancer is the main cause of cancer death in worldwide. The cumulative survival rate at five years differs between 13 and 21 % in several countries. Although the most important risk factors are smoking for lung cancer, however, the increased incidence of lung cancer in never smokers(LCINS) is necessary to improve knowledge concerning other risk factors. Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility are also thought to contribute to lung cancer risk. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma who have never smoking frequently contain mutation within tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) gene. Also, K-ras mutations are more common in individuals with a history of smoking use and are related with resistance to EFGR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Recently, radon(Rn), natural and noble gas, has been recognized as second common reason of lung cancer. In this review, we aim to know whether residential radon is associated with an increased risk for developing lung cancer and regulated by several genetic polymorphisms.
Adenocarcinoma ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Developed Countries ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Life Style ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Mortality ; Phosphotransferases ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Radon* ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Survival Rate ; United States

Patau syndrome is trisomy 13, one of the most common autosomal aberration associated with multiple congenital anomalies. Because trisomy 13 is generally associated with severe congenital anomalies and postpartum poor prognosis, antenatal diagnosis through antenatal ultra-sonogram and triple screening marker is very important. We present one case of trisomy 13 with abnormal ultrasound finding, holoprosencephaly, microcephaly, cleft lip and palate. And confirmed chromosomally with pregnancy termination.
Cleft Lip ; Female ; Holoprosencephaly ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Microcephaly ; Palate ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Trisomy ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the relationship between the circulating lymphocyte subpopulation counts during preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and tumor response in locally advanced rectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 2015 to June 2016, 10 patients treated with preoperative CRT followed by surgery were enrolled. Patients received conventional fractionated radiotherapy (50.4 Gy) with fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Surgical resection was performed at 4 to 8 weeks after the completion of preoperative CRT. The absolute blood lymphocyte subpopulation was obtained prior to and after 4 weeks of CRT. We analyzed the association between a tumor response and change in the lymphocyte subpopulation during CRT. RESULTS: Among 10 patients, 2 (20%) had evidence of pathologic complete response. In 8 patients with clinically node positive, 4 (50%) had nodal tumor response. All lymphocyte subpopulation counts at 4 weeks after CRT were significantly lower than those observed during pretreatment (p < 0.01). A high decrease in natural killer (NK) cell, count during CRT (baseline cell count − cell count at 4 weeks) was associated with node down staging (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the change of lymphocyte subset to preoperative CRT may be a predictive factor for tumor response in rectal cancer.
Cell Count ; Chemoradiotherapy* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Lymphocytes* ; Prospective Studies ; Radiotherapy ; Rectal Neoplasms*

Uterine arteriovenous malformations are very rare but potentially life-threatening lesions. These lesions may be congenital or acquired, but especially in patients with a history of infection, curettage, abortion, pelvic surgery or cancer. Ultimate treatment depends on the patients desire for fertility. Embolization therapy is effective method in reproductive age patients of. We have experienced two clinical cases of arteriovenous malformation of uterus, which is presented with a brief review of literature.
Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Curettage ; Fertility ; Humans ; Uterus*

To investigate fragile sites induced by aphidicolin which is a specific inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerase a which is primarily associated with chromosomal DNA replication in human lymphocytes, HaCat cells (human keratinocytes) and MRC-5 cells (human embryonic lung fibroblast), we cultured each cells in RPMI 1640 with 10% fetal calf serum and 2% PHA. Treatment of the cells with aphidicolin was generally carried out for the last 24 hours of culturing. The drug was dissolved in DMSO and used at final concentrations of 0.05~0.15 mg/ml, corresponding to a maximum DMSO concentration of 0.028%. Karyotypes of each cells were performed by routine method, and 50 metaphases were scored for each culture for analysis of breakage rate. Experimental cells treated with APC showed a dose dependent sensitivity and the amounts of chromosome breakage induced by APC are the highest in concentration of 0.15 mg/ml. The frequency of fragile sites on each cells appeared in MRC-5 cells, lymphocytes and HaCat cells in order. The common fragile sites on all experiments was 16q23, and the common fragile sites on embryonic cells was 1p31. It can be concluded that gene or nucleic acid which is located on 16q23 is the most important factor to induce chromosomal breakage with sensitivity to aphidicolin and 1p31 is important site to induce chromosomal breakage in embryonal cells.
Aphidicolin* ; Chromosome Breakage ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; DNA ; DNA Replication ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Lung ; Lymphocytes* ; Metaphase

This study was performed to investigate the effect of desalinated underground seawater (named as 'magma seawater', MSW) of Jeju Island in Korea on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity. MSW was collected from underground of Han-Dong in Jeju Island, and freely given to high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice for 10 weeks. Although there were no significant differences in the body weight changes and plasma lipid levels, hepatic triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the MSW group than in the normal tap water (TW)-drunken control group. Furthermore, the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) was significantly decreased and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity was increased in MSW group compared to TW group. Similarly, real-time PCR analysis revealed that mRNA expressions of lipogenic genes were lowered in MSW groups compared to the control group. In a morphometric observation on the liver tissue, accumulation of fats was remarkably reduced in MSW group. Meanwhile, in vitro assay, free radical scavenging activity measured by using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was increased in MSW group. The 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) staining followed with fluorescent microscopy showed a low intensity of fluorescence in MSW-treated HepG2 cells, compared to TW-treated HepG2 cells, which indicated that the production of reactive oxygen species by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in HepG2 cells was decreased by MSW treatment. The antioxidant effect of MSW on t-BHP-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells was supported by the increased activities of intracellular antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione reductase. From these results, we speculate that MSW has an inhibitory effect on lipogenesis in liver and might play a protective role against cell damage by t-BHP-induced oxidative stress.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Body Weight Changes ; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase ; Catalase ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Fats ; Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex ; Fluorescence ; Glutathione Reductase ; Hep G2 Cells ; Korea ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipogenesis ; Liver ; Mice ; Microscopy ; Oxidative Stress ; Plasma ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Seawater ; tert-Butylhydroperoxide ; Water

A case of simultaneous bilateral tubal pregnancy following in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer is presented. On the 22 days after ET, the patient complained of low abdominal pain and vaginal spotting for one day and was suspected of left tubal pregnancy by transvaginal ultrasonography. However, laparoscopy revealed the bilateral tubal pregnancy and laparoscopic bilateral salpingectomy was performed. This unusual type of ectopic pregnancy must be kept in mind when evaluating a patient suspected of a possible early abnormal gestation after assisted reproductive technologies. It is critical to perform a close inspection of the abdomen, pelvis, and contralateral tube during surgery.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Pain ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Fertilization* ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Metrorrhagia ; Pelvis ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnancy, Tubal* ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Salpingectomy ; Ultrasonography

This study investigated the experience and practice of elementary school students on nutrition education. The data were collected from 217 male and female students attending 5-6th grade elementary schools in Seoul and Kyunggi-Do from March to June 2007, interviewing face to face by a nutrition teacher and 3 interns of a nutrition teacher. The results were as follows: 86.5% of the subjects learned about 'Table etiquette', 'Reasons for eating fruits and vegetables'(78.7%), 'Food waste and environment'(72.3%), 'Healthy snacks'(55.7%), 'Food sanitation'(52.3%), 'Food culture of foreign countries'(48.1%). Nutrition education experience was significantly different by gender. A total of 43.5% boys responded that they never learned about 'basic food preperation'(p < 0.01). They had learned 'Nutrients for body'and 'Food waste and environment'in school, 'Healthy weight loss', 'Food culture of foreign countries', 'Food circulation'on television, Most content ('Table etiquette', 'Simple cooking', 'Food sanitation', 'Eating behaviors for health', 'Reasons for eating fruits and vegetables', 'Healthy snacks') was learned from parents. The practice after nutrition education was higher in 'Table etiquette'(2.14), 'Eating fruits and vegetables'(2.07) than others compared with education experience. The most reason of non-practice on nutrition information was 'Troublesome'. In 'Nutrients for body', a boy answered 'Difficult for practice'20.0%, a girl answered 'Difficult to understand'32.6%, showing a significant difference between the gender groups (p < 0.001). They remembered the 'Nutrients for body'(49.6%), 'Food sanitation'(44.5%) because of 'important content', 'Basic food preparation'(40.6%), 'Food culture of foreign countries'(36.3%) because of 'interesting content', 'Healthy weight loss'(52.0%), 'Eating behavior for health'(44.5%) and 'Healthy snacks'(33.7%) because of 'need for my health'.
Eating ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Male ; Parents ; Television