PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a "Palliative Care Professional" education program and evaluate its effects on the recognition of good death, palliative care, and the meaning of life for nurses. METHODS: It was developed based on the hospice care program for volunteers being used in the Hospice Palliative Care Research Center of S University in Seoul. It was also based on the studies which investigated the educational needs of nurses in palliative care. This program consisted of 5 sessions and 16 content items for 2 weeks. A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was utilized and participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=42) or the control group (n=44). RESULTS: The recognition of a good death (F=11.44, p=.001), palliative care (F=4.15, p=.045), and the meaning of life (F=5.12, p=.026) increased more significantly for participants in the experimental group than in the control group. Participants felt that they gained further knowledge in palliative patient management and refined their clinical practice. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that this program could serve as a practical program for palliative care nursing in the nursing field and suggests that more attention should be directed to the diverse educational needs of nurses.
Adult ; Attitude to Death ; Female ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Nursing Staff/*psychology ; *Palliative Care ; *Program Development ; *Program Evaluation ; Young Adult

Purpose: To verify the anti-microbiotic activity and to develop eco-friendly surface disinfectants using the Opuntia ficus-indica extract. Methods: The stem and fruits of the Opuntia cultivated in Jeju Island were extracted with hot water, 70% EtOH and 100% MeOH, respectively. To examine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts, gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium), yeast (Candida albicans), mold (Aspergillus flavus) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (E. coli, S. aureus) were measured to form a clear zone. Results: The antibacterial activity of the fruit extract was higher than that of the stem extract, and the antibacterial activity of the 100% MeOH (FM) extract and the 70% EtOH (FE) extract of the palm cactus fruit was suitable for the surface disinfectant overall, and clear-zone formed even at relatively low concentrations (250 mg/mL). The FM and FE have antibacterial activity against various bacteria, therefore they can be used as disinfectants. Conclusion The antimicrobial activity of Opuntia ficus-indica extract from Jeju Island by stem and fruit was determined at relatively low concentrations (250 mg/mL). The Opuntia ficus-indica extract will be useful for surface disinfectants dissolving the patients’ bath, oral gargling, and powdered powder in water or ethanol in appropriate concentrations.

A 12-year-old female with histiocytosis X accompanied by autoimmune hemolytic anemia. During the episode of hemolysis, the hemoglobin level fell to 5.2 g/dL. The direct antiglobulin test was weakly positive. The anti-C and anti-e were identified in her serum. The Rh subgroup of her family(father, mother and brother) including the patient, were all same as DCe. The antibodies which showed anti-C and anti-e specificity were confirmed autoanti-Ce(non-separable) using the serum absorbed with various known Rh phenotyped RBCs. Two packed RBCs phenotyped as DeE were transfused for correction of anemia. Acute and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions were not noted after transfusion. Identification of blood group specific autoantibodies may be benificial in such case for blood transfusion.
Anemia ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune* ; Antibodies ; Autoantibodies ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Blood Transfusion ; Child ; Coombs Test ; Female ; Hemolysis ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Mothers ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Blood Transfusion* ; Humans ; Infant*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Nursing* ; Urinary Incontinence*

PURPOSE: This study was to develop an online 'alternative therapy and health promotion' class for university students and to evaluate its changes. METHOD: The online class was developed based on the Instructional Systems Development (ISD) model and model of Web-Based Instruction (WBI) developmental process. This was a quasi- experimental, one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 130 students in 3 universities, and they were provided the cyber class for 16 weeks. Data was analyzed by descriptive and plural answer statistics, and paired t-test. RESULTS: The cyber class was developed in five steps : analysis, design, data collection and reconstruction, programing and publishing, and evaluation. The results of program evaluation were positive, which included learning 3.47, system 3.57, and learning satisfaction 3.64 on the scale of 5. The posttest scores of cognition and reliability of alternative therapy were higher than pretest scores. The posttest score of health promoting lifestyle (t=-5.051, p=.000) and perceived health status (t=2.979, p=.003) were significantly higher than those of the pretest. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the cyber class is a positive method in increasing a cognition, reliability of alternative therapy, and is effective to improve a health promotion lifestyle and perceived health status for the university students.
Complementary Therapies/*education/standards ; *Computer-Assisted Instruction ; *Health Promotion ; Humans ; Internet

Accessory renal artery (ARA) is a kind of developmental anomaly in renal artery. It is important in respect to clinical medicine, for example primary hypertension, renovascular disease, inferior vena caval obstruction, ureteral obstruction, occurrence of other vascular anomalies such as accessory renal veins, surgical importance and renal transplantation. However, up to few research of ARA was reported in dissection of cadavers. In our dissecting theater, 12 accessory renal arteries for 10 cadavers were found during dissection the 22 cadavers from 1995 to 1996. 1. Two cases were bilateral and 8 cases were unilateral accessory renal arteries. 2. Seven cases were left and 5 cases were right accessory renal arteries. 3. Two cases originated at the abdominal aorta between celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery, 7 cases originated between superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery, and 3 cases originated below inferior mesenteric artery. 4. Seven cases have no branches during their courses, 4 cases have 3 branches, and a case has 2 branches. 5. Seven cases entered into renal parenchyma through renal hilum, 5 cases entered into apical and arterosuperior segments, and 6 cases entered into inferior segment.
Aorta, Abdominal ; Cadaver ; Clinical Medicine ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Kidney Transplantation ; Mesenteric Arteries ; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Renal Artery* ; Renal Veins ; Ureteral Obstruction

PURPOSE: We wished to compare the clinical effectiveness of cystatin C (CyC) and serum creatinine (sCr) to assess renal function in renal transplantation patients. METHODS: We compared the clinical effectiveness of CyC with that of the sCr to estimate 24-hour urine creatinine clearance (CrCl) in 72 adult recipients who underwent renal transplantation from January 2001 to December 2008. We analyzed the data in terms of accuracy, bias, precision and sensitivity as a function of length of time posttransplantation and CrCl value. RESULTS: The patients were divided into four groups according to CrCl value <30, <60, <90, and > or =90 mL/min/1.73 m2. The corresponding Cr-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimates had accuracies of 0.71, 0.906, 0.963, and 1.00 within 50% of the reference, with biases (mean percentage errors) of 4.7, 5.32, -5.79, -31.33 mL/min/1.73 m2, and precisions (mean absolute percentage errors) of 7.57, 10.03, 14.52, and 31.33 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The CyC-based GFR estimates had accuracies of 0.35, 0.79, 0.93, and 0.67 within 50% of the reference, respectively, with biases of 15.03, 13.37, -5.58, and -34.79 mL/min/1.73 m2 and precisions of 15.03, 14.80, 17.91, and 34.79 mL/min/1.73 m2. The sensitivity for detecting GFR below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was higher for CyC (0.96, 1, and 0.95) than for Cr (0.77, 0.75, and 0.82). CONCLUSION: CyC is a more sensitive indicator of low GFR (CrCl <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) than sCr. However, CyC-based GFR estimates are restrictive data, and are neither accurate nor specific. Therefore, to evaluate renal function, we may need a revised CyC-based GFR formula and close monitoring of sCr.
Adult ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Creatinine ; Cystatin C ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Transplants

We investigated the contribution of genetic variations of KLF5 to basal metabolic rate (BMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the inhibition of obesity in Korean children. A variation of KLF5 (rs3782933) was genotyped in 62 Korean children. Using multiple linear regression analysis, we developed a model to predict BMR in children. We divided them into several groups; normal versus overweight by body mass index (BMI) and low BMR versus high BMR by BMR. There were no differences in the distributions of alleles and genotypes between each group. The genetic variation of KLF5 gene showed a significant correlation with several clinical factors, such as BMR, muscle, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin. Children with the TT had significantly higher BMR than those with CC (p = 0.030). The highest muscle was observed in the children with TT compared with CC (p = 0.032). The insulin and C-peptide values were higher in children with TT than those with CC (p= 0.029 vs. p = 0.004, respectively). In linear regression analysis, BMI and muscle mass were correlated with BMR, whereas insulin and C-peptide were not associated with BMR. In the high-BMR group, we observed that higher muscle, fat mass, and C-peptide affect the increase of BMR in children with TT (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.018, respectively), while Rohrer's index could explain the usual decrease in BMR (adjust r2 = 1.000, p < 0.001, respectively). We identified a novel association between TT of KLF5 rs3782933 and BMR in Korean children. We could make better use of the variation within KLF5 in a future clinical intervention study of obesity.
Alleles ; Basal Metabolism* ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; C-Peptide ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Homozygote* ; Humans ; Insulin ; Linear Models ; Lipoproteins ; Muscles ; Obesity ; Overweight

BACKGROUND: Macrophages generated in vitro using macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-6 from bone marrow cells (BM-Mp) are defective in antigen presenting cell (APC) function as shown by their ability to induce the proliferation of anti-CD3 mAb-primed syngeneic T cells. However, they do express major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and II molecules, accessory molecules and intracellular adhesion molecules. Here we demonstrate that the defective APC function of macrophages is mainly due to production of TGF-beta1 by BM-Mp. METHODS: Microarray analysis showed that TGF-beta1 was highly expressed in BM-Mp, compared to a macrophage cell line, B6D, which exerted efficient APC function. Production of TGF-beta1 by BM-Mp was confirmed by neutralization experiments of TGF-beta1 as well as by real time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Addition of anti-TGF-beta1 monoclonal antibody to cultures of BM-Mp and anti-CD3 mAb-primed syngeneic T cells efficiently induced the proliferation of syngeneic T cells. Conversely, the APC function of B6D cells was almost completely suppressed by addition of TGF-beta1. Quantitative real time-PCR analysis also confirmed the enhanced expression of TGF-beta1 in BM-Mp. CONCLUSION: The defective APC function of macrophages generated in vitro with M-CSF and IL-6 was mainly due to the production of TGF-beta1 by macrophages.
Antigen-Presenting Cells ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Line ; Histocompatibility ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Macrophages ; Microarray Analysis ; T-Lymphocytes ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1