Urinary retention is a common complication after abdominal surgery. Urinary retention causes infection and damage to the urinary system, prolonging hospital stays and increasing health care costs in the end. Because medical personnel tend to regard urinary retention as not being a serious problem, it is hard to find any method which decrease the postoperative urinary retention. There are few papers reporting the incidence and the factors which influence the postoperative urinary retention. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of postoperative urinary retention and to identify the factors which affect the postoperative urinary retention. We retrospectively reviewed 296 patients out of 338, who had been undergone laparotomy under spinal or general endotracheal anesthesia during a three month period from January to March 1998. We reviewed nursing, anesthetic and operative records. Among the 296 patients, male were 189(63.9%) and female were 107(36.1%). Postoperative urinary retention occurred in 71 patients(24%). The incidence rate was higher in female patients than in male (M : F=18% : 35%). Factors that in fluence the incidence of postoperative urinary retention were sex, duration of operation, the amount of fluid given the patient, preoperative history of dysuria, and preoperative insertion of a urinary catheter. Among those factors, preoperative urinary catheter insertion is the most effective preventive measure in lowering the incidence of postoperative urinary retention (Spearman correlation coefficient, r=-.462). Shortening the operation time and sparing the fluid which is infused during operation are important in preventing postoperative urinary retention. Preoperative urinary catheter insertion may be helpful in lowering urinary retention in those patients who have a possibility of postoperative urinary retention.
Anesthesia ; Dysuria ; Female ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparotomy* ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Nursing ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Retention*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to identify meaningful themes related to the recognition of lifestyle risk factors and barriers in seeking treatment following an acute event of first-time acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: A methodological mixed method of thematic content analysis and a quantitative analysis was used. The sample consisted of 120 male patients < 65 years of age who agreed to be in the study were interviewed using a semi-structured during 2008-2009. Data were analyzed according to the procedure of thematic content analysis and the meaningful themes were coded into SPSS data for quantitative analysis. RESULTS: Pre-hospital delay greater than three hours reported by 58.3% (n=70) of the sample and similarly 63.3% had no recognition about their symptoms as cardiac in origin. The mean number of risk factors was 3.9+/-1.8 out of 11 when lifestyle and psychosocial factors were included. From the interview data among the 70 patients delayed greater than three hours, thirty-five themes categorized into 12 main themes influenced the delayed decision which was identified according to personal-cognitive, socio-cultural, and contextual factors. CONCLUSION: Health care providers should consider these themes in designing individual interventions to make lifestyle changes and to facilitate more prompt decisions to seek care.
Health Personnel ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Female ; Humans ; Humans* ; Hypertension* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Abortion, Spontaneous* ; Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

PURPOSE: This study was examined to identify the relationship between mood state, interaction anxiety, and quality of life of cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced alopecia. METHODS: The participants were 115 cancer patients. Data were collected from August to December 2012, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple test. RESULTS: The mean scores of mood state (119.17+/-35.94), interaction anxiety (45.57+/-11.73), and global health status (38.08+/-22.45), functional scales (45.41+/-20.98), symptom scales (57.96+/-18.28) in quality of life were moderate or below. Negative correlations were found between mood state and quality of life, interaction anxiety and quality of life, but positive correlation were found between mood state and interaction anxiety. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that mood state and interaction anxiety are important factors to improve quality of life of cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced alopecia, And it is meaningful in that this study prepared basic data for development of nursing intervention programs for effective management of chemotherapy-induced alopecia.
Alopecia* ; Anxiety* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Nursing ; Quality of Life* ; Weights and Measures

To understand the molecular mechanism of hemorrhagic tendency represented in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), the effect of Hantaan virus (HTNV) on the von Willebrand factor (vWF) was observed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HuVECs). An immunofluorescence assay (IFA) showed a significant reduction of the vWF in the cytoplasm of HTNV-infected HuVECs. The amount of vWF protein in HTNV-infected HuVECs was reduced to 86, 49, 67, and 42% of those in control HuVECs at 1(st), 3(rd), 5(th), and 7(th) days of post infection (d.p.i.), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the vWF mRNA expression in both groups at all time courses by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The amounts of secreted vWF in the culture supernatants of the HTNV-infected HuVECs were 79, 87, 83, and 82% of those in control HuVECs at 1(st), 3(rd), 5(th), and 7(th) d.p.i., respectively. These results indicated that the reduction of vWF by HTNV was regulated at post-transcriptional level and this might delay the coagulation process on the site of HTNV infection, thus leading to hemorrhage in HFRS.
Cytoplasm ; Endothelial Cells ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Hantaan virus* ; Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells* ; Humans* ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; von Willebrand Factor*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Nursing* ; Urinary Incontinence*

This study was performed to verify the possibility of MTA and calcium sulfate as a pulp capping agent through comparing the dental pulp response in dogs after capping with MTA, calcium sulfate, and calcium hydroxide. 24 teeth of 2 dogs, 8 month old, were used in this study. Under general anesthesia, cervical cavities were prepared and pulp was exposed with sterilized #2 round bur in a high speed handpiece. MTA, calcium hydroxide, and calcium sulfate were applied on the exposed pulp. Then the coronal openings were sealed with IRM and light-cured composite. Two months after treatment, the animals were sacrificed. The extracted teeth were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin solution and were decalcified in formic acid-sodium citrate. They were prepared for histological examination in the usual manner. The sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. In MTA group, a hard tissue bridges formation and newly formed odontoblasts layer was observed. There was no sign of pulp inflammatory reaction in pulp tissue. In calcium hydroxide group, there was no odontoblast layer below the dentin bridge. In pulpal tissue, chronic inflammatory reaction with variable intensity and extension occurred in all samples. In calcium sulfate group, newly formed odontoblast layer was observed below the bridge. Mild chronic inflammation with a few neutrophil infiltrations was observed on pulp tissue. These results suggest that MTA is more biocompatible on pulp tissue than calcium hydroxide or calcium sulfate.
Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Calcium Hydroxide* ; Calcium Sulfate* ; Calcium* ; Citric Acid ; Dental Pulp ; Dental Pulp Capping ; Dentin ; Dogs ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Infant ; Inflammation ; Neutrophils ; Odontoblasts ; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents ; Tooth ; Pemetrexed

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Listeria monocytogenes ; Listeria* ; Listeriosis* ; Meningitis ; Sepsis

BACKGROUND: Specimens for the external quality assessment (EQA) need to be highly stable during the EQA process. Therefore, we evaluated the stability of pooled sera (PS) for tumor markers including alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9). METHODS: PS with 2 different levels (high and low) of each of the 4 tumor markers were collected and stored at -20degrees C, 4degrees C, and room temperature (RT). The concentration of each tumor marker was then measured after storage under these different conditions at baseline and on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 90, and 181. Internal quality control (QC) results during the evaluation period were also analyzed. RESULTS: Irrespective of storage conditions, coefficients of variation (CVs) of AFP and CA 125 levels in the PS during the evaluation period ranged from 3.3% to 7.5% in EQA assays and were similar to the CVs of QC assays. However, the levels of CEA detected in PS stored at -20degrees C, and 4degrees C, showed higher variability, with CVs ranging from 4.0% to 10.4%, and samples stored at RT showed especially high CVs, i.e., >8.3%. Samples for CA 19-9 testing stored at RT also showed lower stability than the QC samples as well as samples stored at -20degrees C, after 3 days. CONCLUSIONS: CEA and CA 19-9 levels in PS showed higher variability than AFP and CA 125, especially when stored at RT. These results indicate that all EQA specimens for tumor marker assays need to be tested as soon as possible and not stored at RT for longer than 3 days during the EQA process.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Quality Control ; Biomarkers, Tumor