This study was designed to evaluate the partially purified antigens which were fractionated from crude extract of Paragonimus westermani and to monitor the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in experimental cat paragonimiasis during the course of infection as well as before and after chemotherapy. Crude extract of 6-month-old adult P. westermani was fractionated to 5 antigens by successive applications of ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. And the cats, 10 in each group, were infected with 60, 30, 15, and 5 metacercariae, then the half of each group was treated with praziquantel 2 times in one day of 100 mg per kilogram of weight on 150 days after the infection. Sera were collected every 10 days. ELISA was performed with the concentration of 2 microgram/ml antigen, 100 times diluted sera and 1,000 times diluted alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-cat IgG. The results were as follows: Absorbance by ELISA with proteins precipitated by differential concentration of ammonium sulfate was the highest at 51-65 per cent precipitate (PA2), followed by 0-50 per cent precipitate (PA1), 66-80 per cent precipitate (PA3), and 81-90 precipitate (PA4). Unprecipitated protein over 90 per cent ammonium sulfate (PA5) showed the lowest antigenicity. Fractionation of PA1, PA2, and PA3 through the DEAE-cellulose column did not differentiate the antigenic proteins. By passing through the Sephadex G-200 column, PAl and PA2 were fractionated to high molecular weight proteins and those of low molecular weight which showed high absorbance by ELISA (PA1-I, II and PA2- I, II). But PA3 was shown to have a fraction of high molecular weight proteins (PA3-I) which showed high antigenicity. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of PA1-I, PA1-II, PA2-I, PA2-II, PA3-I, and crude extract was performed. Fraction PA1-I was composed of proteins which had the molecular weight of 270 kilodaltons (KD) to 196 KD; of them 220 KD protein was major band. Fraction PA2- I was composed of 255-225 KD, and PA3-I, 255-240 KD, respectively. Fraction PA1-II and fraction PA2-II consisted of 30 KD proteins. Absorbance by ELISA began to increase within 10-20 days after the infection and reached the highest on 140-180 days, then made plateau thereafter. Absorbance by ELISA decreased after praziquantel treatment. In 60 metacercariae infection group, the absorbance had been decreasing, but remained within the positive range during observation period, while those of 30, 15, and 5 metacercariae infection groups turned to negative range. Fraction PA1-II showed the highest antigenicity in ELISA, then fraction PA2-I, fraction PA1-I , fraction PA2-II, fraction PA3-I and crude extract followed. In early phase of infection, the absorbance of fraction PA1-II showed more rapid increase than those of the other fractions and it came to positive range at 20-30 days after infection.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; immunology ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Paragonimus westermani ; antigen

27 Myelographies with Iopamidol and 27 myelographies with metrizamide were performed in order to compare adverse reactions, radiographic quality and effects on vital signs of the two contrast media after injection into the spinal subarachnoid space. Headache and nausea were less severe using Iopamidol. The most striking difference was found in adverse neurobehavioral reactions and associated electroencephalographic abnormalities which were noted in 7.4% of the metrizamide group but were not seen with the use of Iopamidol. Iopamidol was more stable than metrizamide in CSF. Image quality and diagnostic accuracy of Iopamidol myelography was equivalent to metrizamide for intrathecal application.
Contrast Media ; Headache ; Iopamidol* ; Metrizamide ; Myelography* ; Nausea ; Strikes, Employee ; Subarachnoid Space ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND: Antituberculous therapy is set a short-term therpy used isoniazid(INH), rifampin(RFP), ethambutol(EMB), pyrazinamide(PZA) from 1970s' and treatment rate has been very improved. But drug interruption or irregular medication due to side effects and resistance of drug are serious problem to retreatment cases, specially. Ofloxasine(OFX), developed from Quinolone at 1980's is effective not only other respiratory infectious disease but also pulmonary tube rculosis. And this is useful drug instead of injection agents for retreatment patients who have side effects to other drugs, lived far distance from medical clinics. So, we will evaluate theffectiveness as four oral drags involving OFX. METHOD: A retrospective study was made through the regular follow up of smear positive cases,who treated by four drag, namely, prothionamide (PTA) cycloserine(CS), OFX, paraminosalicylic acid(PAS). RESULTS: 1) Out of 66case with positive sputum AFB smear, 42(64%)cases achieved the negative conversion. 2) Considering the negative conversion in all group, 34 case (52%) of sputum conversion occured within first 6 months, on the extent of diease was minimal, moderate, far advavanced pulmonary tuberculosis, sputum AFB smear negative response to treatment was 100%, 78% , 46% respectively. 3) The roentgenological improvement occured in 38(58%), extent of diease was minimal, moderately, far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, Roentgenological improvement to retreatment was 75%, 64%, 46%. 4) When the duration of patients illness was less than 1 year, 1 to 3 years, 3 to 5 years and more than 5 years, sputum AFB smear negative response to retreatment was 100%, 88%, 80%, 52%. 5) On side effects, major problems are gastrointestinal troubles, mild liver function abnormality, psychotic problemes, and skin problem(urticaria, itching sensation). CONCLUSION: The duration & extents of patients illness was shorter & minimal, sputum AFB smear negative response rate was better. Radiologic response is better as shorter duration and minimal extent of diease. But, as diease is longer duration & far advanced, sputum negative conversion & Roentgenological improvement is poor and limited. The adverse reaction was mainly observed gastrointestinal troubles(indigestion, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and are well controled by symptomatic management in most patients, as regard to tolerance to the secondary drugs.
Abdominal Pain ; Aminosalicylic Acid* ; Communicable Diseases ; Cycloserine* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Nausea ; Prothionamide ; Pruritus ; Retreatment* ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary* ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Antituberculous therapy is set a short-term therpy used isoniazid(INH), rifampin(RFP), ethambutol(EMB), pyrazinamide(PZA) from 1970s' and treatment rate has been very improved. But drug interruption or irregular medication due to side effects and resistance of drug are serious problem to retreatment cases, specially. Ofloxasine(OFX), developed from Quinolone at 1980's is effective not only other respiratory infectious disease but also pulmonary tube rculosis. And this is useful drug instead of injection agents for retreatment patients who have side effects to other drugs, lived far distance from medical clinics. So, we will evaluate theffectiveness as four oral drags involving OFX. METHOD: A retrospective study was made through the regular follow up of smear positive cases,who treated by four drag, namely, prothionamide (PTA) cycloserine(CS), OFX, paraminosalicylic acid(PAS). RESULTS: 1) Out of 66case with positive sputum AFB smear, 42(64%)cases achieved the negative conversion. 2) Considering the negative conversion in all group, 34 case (52%) of sputum conversion occured within first 6 months, on the extent of diease was minimal, moderate, far advavanced pulmonary tuberculosis, sputum AFB smear negative response to treatment was 100%, 78% , 46% respectively. 3) The roentgenological improvement occured in 38(58%), extent of diease was minimal, moderately, far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, Roentgenological improvement to retreatment was 75%, 64%, 46%. 4) When the duration of patients illness was less than 1 year, 1 to 3 years, 3 to 5 years and more than 5 years, sputum AFB smear negative response to retreatment was 100%, 88%, 80%, 52%. 5) On side effects, major problems are gastrointestinal troubles, mild liver function abnormality, psychotic problemes, and skin problem(urticaria, itching sensation). CONCLUSION: The duration & extents of patients illness was shorter & minimal, sputum AFB smear negative response rate was better. Radiologic response is better as shorter duration and minimal extent of diease. But, as diease is longer duration & far advanced, sputum negative conversion & Roentgenological improvement is poor and limited. The adverse reaction was mainly observed gastrointestinal troubles(indigestion, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and are well controled by symptomatic management in most patients, as regard to tolerance to the secondary drugs.
Abdominal Pain ; Aminosalicylic Acid* ; Communicable Diseases ; Cycloserine* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Nausea ; Prothionamide ; Pruritus ; Retreatment* ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary* ; Vomiting

Corticosteroid, 5-fluorouracil and Mitomycin C(MMC) have been used to suppress proliferation of subconjunctival connective tissue. However, the various complication and undesirable side effects associated with the use of these drugs have prompted the search for alternative drugs with less toxicity. In present study, I have evaluated the effect of corticosteroid(dexamethsone sodium phophate), cyclooxygenase inhibitor(diclofenac sodium) and lipoxygenase inhibitor(nordihydroguaratic acid, NDGA) to inhibit human pterygial fibroblast proliferation in tissue culture. Human pterygial fibroblast were cultured and exposed to various concentration of each drug for 1, 2 and 3 days. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. There was no different in antiproliferative activity between nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents(NSAIDs) and steroid. Dexamethasone caused inhibition of proliferation with LD 50 of 0.5mM by day 2, NDGA of 0.5mM by day 3 and diclofenac sodium of 1.0mM by day 3. These results suggest that NSAIDs may be useful as both antiproliferative and less toxicity agents.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal* ; Cell Survival ; Connective Tissue ; Dexamethasone ; Diclofenac ; Fibroblasts* ; Fluorouracil ; Humans* ; Lipoxygenase ; Mitomycin ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Sodium ; Steroids*

The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the pronunciation of Korean vowels in patients with class III malocclusion. 11 adult male patients with class III malocclusion(mean ages 22.3 years) and four adult males with normal occlusion(mean ages 26.5 years) were selected for the analysis of eight Korean monophthongs /i, e, e, a, eo, o, eu, u/. The values and relationships of F1, F2 and F3 were derived from the stable section of target vowel in each sentence, and the analysis using formant plots and vowel triangles' distance and area was conducted to find the features of two groups' vowel distributions. Consequently, it was identified that the pronunciation of males patients with class III malocclusion showed high values of F1 in the low vowels, high values of F2 in the back vowels, and remarkably low position of /a/. The vowel triangle suggested that the triangle areas of male patients with class III malocclusion were shown wider vertically and narrower horizontally than those of males with normal occlusion. These characteristics could reflect the structural features of class III malocclusion such as the prognathic mandible, low tongue position, and advancement of back position of the tongue.
Acoustics ; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Tongue

In the past the patients with fracture on the occipital bone involved the lateral sinus and/or the foramen magnum, were treated with the early exploratory burr hole trephination regardless of mental state. The 64 cases occipital bone fracture were evaluated used the computed tomography of the brain scan. The fracture lines involved both the transeverse sinus and the foramen magnum were 59.4%, only the transeverse sinus were 29.7% and only the foramen magnum were 10.9%. The findings of the computed tomography of the brain scan were normal 42 cases, brain edema 13 cases. The 5 cases had large hematoma on the computed tomography of the brain scan performed emergency operation. The other 59 cases were treated with only close observation and conservative treatment. The mortality rate was 20% in operative treatment and 8.5% in conservative treatment. So we concluded that the patients with significant fracture on the occipital bone but had no surgical indication on the computed tomography of the brain scan might be treated with close observation & conservative treatment and it would not be necessary to perform the exploratory craniotomy as was done in the past.
Brain ; Brain Edema ; Craniotomy ; Emergencies ; Foramen Magnum ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Mortality ; Occipital Bone* ; Transverse Sinuses ; Trephining

Spinal cystcercosis is extremely rare. But recently was have experienced cervical intramedullary solitary huge cyst, which was confirmed as intramedullary cysticercosis pathologically. Neurological deficits were left hemiparesis, hypoesthesia on the left lower extremity, hyperactive muscle stretch reflex and voiding and defecation difficulty, in spite of its huge size and surgical removal was easy as compared with other intramedullary tumor. There was no adjacent granuloma, granulomatous tissue, not combined with intracranial cysticercosis. Following surgery the patient's symptom were cleared up.
Bone Cysts* ; Cysticercosis* ; Defecation ; Granuloma ; Hypesthesia ; Lower Extremity ; Paresis ; Reflex, Stretch

Eighteen intracranial aneurysm were operated upon with direct approach under the surgical microscope. The aneurysms arising in the anterior communicating artery(8) were most common, followed by internal carotid artery(6), middle cerebral artery(2), posterior communicating artery(1), anterior cerebral artery(1) in order. We preferred pterional approach. And the timing of operation was scheduled as soon as possible if other conditions permitted. Mannitol administration, hypotensive anesthesia, Sugita clip, biobond or aneurysmostat were utilizes during the operation. The aneurysmal neck was clipped with Sugita clip mostly, but wrapping was also carried out in certain condition. The elasticity of the Sugita clip is seemed to be better than others. In even Sugita clip, however, overopening at the time of clipping made it weak and resulted in incomplete occlusion of the aneurysm neck. To obtain successful aneurysmal surgical result, following surgical care should be taken. 1) lesser brain retraction, 2) complete removal of subarachnoid clots, 3) Meticulous hemostasis of micro-oozing from bridging vein and internal dural surface. Uneventful two surgical cases were found to be fatal due to hidden post-operative oozing clots from the internal surface of the dura.
Anesthesia ; Aneurysm ; Brain ; Elasticity ; Hemostasis ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Mannitol ; Neck ; Veins

Ewing's sarcoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm of the bone, which is rather infrequent in childhood and represented only 2% of all neoplasm under the age of 15 years. Clinical picture was that of progressive paraplegia associated with localized pain. The authors have experienced a case of primary Ewing's sarcoma of the first and second lumbar vertebrae in a 26-year-old male.
Adult ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Paraplegia ; Sarcoma, Ewing* ; Spine*