Constant exotropia is uncommon during the first year of life.We investigated characteristics, surgical outcome and associated ocular abnormalities in patients who had an exodeviation during the first year of life. The charts of 18 patients who were diagnosed as congenital exotropia before 1 year old were reviewed.We etrospectively analyzed 10 healthy patients who did not have associated systemic or ocular abnormalities and were followed for at least 3 months after surgery. The mean follow-up period was 1.2 years[range, 3 months to 3.5 years]and all of them had an exodeviation of 25 prism diopter[PD]or more[mean, 37.5PD, SD 10.6PD].Preoperative DVD and inferior oblique muscle overaction were found in 1 patient respectively. Surgery was performed in 9 cases and botulinum toxin was injected in 1 case.Seven patients[70%]showed stable alignment within 10PD with one operation and one patient required reoperation.Postoperative dissociated vertical deviation and inferior oblique muscle overaction were found in each 1 patients. Congenital exotropia has large deviation and may be associated with inferior oblique muscle overaction or dissociated vertical deviation as infantile esotropia and has stable alignment with single operation.But unlike infan-tile esotropia, nystagmus is extremely rare.
Botulinum Toxins ; Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

No abstract available.
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome*

Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis characterized by the association of cutaneous hemangioma and pigmentary nevi was first recognized as a syndrome by Ota in 1947. We describe herein a case of phakomatosis pigmentovascularis alsoiated with ocular abnormalities in a 22-year-old female. According to Hasegawas criteria, this case is lassified as type lIb.
Female ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes* ; Nevus ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Young Adult

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors that may have a role in the development of postoperative exotropia with the angle of 20 prism diopters (PD) or more. The study group was subdivided into three groups depending on the amount of deviation for consecutive exotropia; group A is the angle of 20PD or more, group B is between 10PD and 18PD, and group C is orthophoria. Comparing group A with C, the presence of amblyopia(p<0.05), postoperative limitation on adduction(p<0.01), postoperative binocular vision(p<0.05) and postoperative A or V pattern(p<0.05) were statistically significant. Among the factors of group A and B, the presence of postoperative limitation on adduction(p<0.05) and refractive error of 3D or more(p<0.05) were signifi cant. We suggest that these factors may have a role to develop large consecutive exotropia, therefore close observation is necessary when these factors are found.
Esotropia* ; Exotropia* ; Refractive Errors ; Telescopes

Bowens disease is a precaicerous lesion and may transform into in asive squamous cell carcinoma. We present a case of a 67 year-old male with Bowens disease on the buttock from which squamous cell carcinoma developed. He had anerythematous, scaly and crusted slaque with a nodule on the left buttock. Skin biopsy specimen taken from the plaque and nodule revealed typical histopathological findings of Bowens disease and squlamous cell carcinoma, respectieels. The patient was treated with excision and skin graft under general anesthesia.
Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; Biopsy ; Bowen's Disease ; Buttocks ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Male ; Skin ; Transplants

Optic disc can be analyzed with computerized optic nerve head analyzer or confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope because optic disc has 3-dimensional structure. But the great cost of these instruments makes their utility for the average ophthalmologist unlikely. We measured optic discs with personal computer and stereophotograph and report as follows. Seventy-six optic discs of 76 normal subjects[61 men, 15 women; mean age: 25.5 years] were evaluated by stereoscopic optic disc photography. The area and length were measured by a computer graphic program and converted to absolute unit with Littmann's formula. The mean vertical disc diameter[1.94+/-0.24 mm], the mean horizontal disc diameter[1.67+/-0.23 mm], the mean vertical cup diameter[1.03+/-0.20 mm], the mean horizontal cup diameter[0.96+/-0.19 mm], the mean disc area[2.64+/-0.62 mm2], the mean disc circumference length[5.84+/-0.67 mm], the mean cup area[0.82+/-0.30 mm2], the mean cup base area[0.22+/-0.17 mm2], the mean cup slope area[0.60+/-0.21 mm2] and the mean rim area[1.82+/-0.41 mm2] were evaluated. The new technique to measure optic disc with stereophotograph and personal computer is thought to be a useful method to understand threedimensional structure of optic disc with relatively simple instruments.
Computer Graphics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microcomputers ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Optic Disk ; Photography

We conducted a prospective study to compare MMC subconjunctival injection with MMC soaking for surgical outcome and postoperative complications as an adjunct to trabeculectomy in eyes with glaucoma. Eleven patients with bilateral glaucoma had undergone primary trabeculectomy with adjunctive subconjunctival mitomycin-C injection in one eye[Group I] and primary trabeculectomy with subconjunctival mitomycin-C soaking in the other eye[Group II]. Minimal follow-up period was 6 months and mean follow-up period was 12.8 months. Preoperative mean IOP was 35+/-10.9 mmHg in the group Iand 33+/-14.4 mmHg in the group II, and there was no statistical significance. Postoperative mean IOP at 1, 3, 6 months were 13+/-2.3, 13+/-3.1, 13.6+/-2.9 mmHg in the group I, and 11.3+/-3.3, 12.2+/-3.4, 12.9+/-2.7 mmHg in the group IIand no statistical significance. Each of ten eyes[91%] in both groups achieved intraocular pressure of less than 21 mmHg and good bleb formation without any medication. Postoperative complications were transient hyphema[18% in the group I, 9% in the group II], cystic bleb[9% in the group I, 27% in the group II] and shallow anterior chamber[9% in the group II]. Postoperative corneal endothelial cell density per square millimeter averaged 2, 221+/-306/mm2[mean+/-standard deviation] in the group I and 2, 195+/-272/mm2in the group II and there was no statistical significance. The rates of surgical success and postoperative complications were similiar in the two groups. Subconjunctival injection has similar effect to soaking method. This method enables us to have accurate control of concentration and amount of MMC, and thereby reduces complications and improves surgical outcomes in trabeculectomy.
Blister ; Endothelial Cells ; Filtering Surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy*

We evaluated retrospectively the clinical characteristics of 10 esotropic patients following surgery for intermittent exotropia. The nonoperative group(NG) comprised of 5 patients with esodeviation under 16PD and the operative group(OG) of 5 patients with the angle of 18PD or more. The associated condition was one case of myopic anisometropia in the NG. In the OG, there were inferior oblique overactions in three cases and high myopia or amblyopia in two cases. The mean esodeviation at early stage was 11.8PD and 7.8PD at final stage in the NG. 4 of 5 patients showed good alignment within 10PD. In the OG, the mean early esodeviation and final deviation were 11.6PD and 19.2PD respectively. Three patients showed orthotropia in the early stage, and 2 patients revealed orthotropia in the final stage. There were no significant differences in achieving fusion and steropsis between the two groups. The results suggest that the degree of deviation and associated ocular conditions will influence the choice of therapy. We think that there will be no problem in the recovery of binocular visual function after surgery for consecutive esotropia.
Amblyopia ; Anisometropia ; Esotropia* ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Myopia ; Retrospective Studies ; Telescopes

As the use of free tissue reconstruction becomes more routine, attention is being focused not only on flap survival, but also on functional refinements in these flaps. One of the more important aspects of improving the outcome of these reconstruction may relate to the return of sensation. The anterolateral thigh free flap is based on the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. This fasciocutaneous flap is indicated whenever a relatively thin flap is required in reconstruction. A neurosensory flap can be employed based on the anterior branched of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh. Since 1996, 15 patients with soft tissue defect on various regious were treated by using the anterolateral thigh sensate free falp. All flaps survived without total loss. Anastomosis of the sensible nerve on the recipient site with the anterior branch of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh was performed. All patients showed recovery of sensation in the anterolateral thigh sensate free falp beginning between the 4th and 6th month postoperatively. Follow-up periods ranged from 8 to 34 months and the results of sensory recovery were satisfactory. Therefore, resensitization of an anterolateral thigh free flap should be attempted by a nerve anastomosis in this transplant. The longterm success in this study suggests the benefits of microsurgical neurotization in free tissue transplantation.
Femoral Artery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Humans ; Nerve Transfer ; Sensation ; Thigh* ; Tissue Transplantation ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip*