No abstract available.
Diarrhea* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Milk Hypersensitivity* ; Milk*

No abstract available.
Drug Eruptions ; Humans ; Melanoma

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate which Korean pain descriptors are frequently used in the patients with neuromusculoskeletal diseases and compare the frequency of Korean pain descriptor according to age, gender, pain pattern and intensity, and clinical diagnosis.METHOD: Two hundreds sixty nine patients with neuromusculoskeletal diseases were enrolled in this study. The patients were asked to fill out a pain questionnaire using Korean. The Korean pain descriptors were collected and classified according to neurophysiological mechanism. The frequency of Korean pain descriptor was analyzed by age, gender, pain pattern and intensity, and clinical diagnosis. They were divided into axial spine and peripheral joint pain group depending on the location of causal disease and shoulder pain descriptors were divided into intra-articular and bursa group.RESULTS: Among 24 Korean pain descriptors, ‘arida’ was the most common pain descriptor, followed by ‘ssusida’ and ‘jjireunda’. When the pain descriptors were classified according to neurophysiological mechanism, superficial somatic pain was the most common, followed by deep somatic pain. There was a significant difference in the frequency of the pain descriptor between axial spine and peripheral joint pain group (p=0.007). The pain descriptor ‘danggida’ was used significantly more in the patients with axial spine pain than peripheral joint pain (p=0.024). However, there was no significant difference in other factors.CONCLUSION: The patients with neuromusculoskeletal diseases expressed their pain using various Korean pain descriptors with stabbing nature and superficial somatic pain. Our results may be helpful to assess and develop a new Korean pain quality measure in the patients with neuromusculoskeletal diseases.
Arthralgia ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Methods ; Musculoskeletal Pain ; Neuralgia ; Nociceptive Pain ; Sensation ; Shoulder Pain ; Spine ; Subject Headings

A recent study claimed that botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection into the calf muscle of cerebral palsy (CP) children did not change the intrinsic stiffness. Contrary to this recent report, in our case, decreased muscle spasticity, which was measured using a modified Ashworth scale, and increased Gross Motor Function Measure score were demonstrated at 4 weeks after intensive rehabilitation treatment (IRT) with BTX-A injection to the medial gastrocnemius muscle in a child with spastic CP. Additionally, we indentified decreased muscle stiffness which was demonstrated by a decrease in the color-coded scale and shear velocity, and an increase in the strain ratio using dynamic sonoelastography.
Botulinum Toxins ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Sprains and Strains

Carpal tunnel syndrome can be produced by abnormal mass effect due to trauma, ganglion cysts, various soft tissue tumors, musculotendinous variants, and aberrant vascular structures. Persistent median artery is one of the causes of the carpal tunnel syndrome. Thrombosed persistent median artery usually accompanies the anomaly of the median nerve and causes a sudden onset of severe pain and paresthesia. In contrast to previous literature, we report the rare case of gradual onset and mild symptom of a 53-year-old man with a thrombosed persistent median artery but without anomaly of the median nerve and abnormal finding of electrophysiologic study.
Arteries ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Dilatation ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Middle Aged ; Paresthesia ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the cartilage regenerative effects of intra-aricular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are different, according to the severity of osteoarthritis (OA), in a collagenase-induced knee OA rabbit model. METHOD: New Zealand white rabbits (N=21) were randomly divided into three groups. Three different doses (0.25 mg, group 1; 0.5 mg, group 2; and 1.0 mg, group 3) of collagenase were injected twice into both knees of each group under an ultrasound guidance. The mean platelet concentration of the PRP fraction was 2,664+/-970x10(3)/microl and was enriched 8.2-times, compared with the whole blood. PRP (0.3 ml) was injected into the left knee and saline (0.3 ml) into the right knee at 4 weeks, and macroscopic and histological scores of both injected knees were evaluated at 9 weeks after the first collagenase injection. RESULTS: Macroscopic and histological scores of group 3 were significantly higher than those of group 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Macroscopic and histological scores of the PRP-injected knees were significantly lower than those of the saline-injected knees, in all groups (p<0.05). Differences of gross morphologic and histologic scores between saline- and PRP-injected knees in group 3 were significantly higher than those in group 1 and 2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Intra-articular PRP injection influences cartilage regeneration in all severities of rabbit knee OA, and the cartilage regenerative power of PRP injection in moderate knee OA was greater than that in mild or very mild OA. A large preclinical trial is needed to establish the validity of our study.
Blood Platelets ; Cartilage ; Collagenases ; Knee ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Rabbits ; Regeneration

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) according to treatment session on gastrocnemius muscle spasticity in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: Twelve children with spastic CP underwent 1 ESWT and 2 sham ESWT sessions for gastrocnemius (group 1) or 3 ESWT sessions (group 2) once per week for 3 weeks. Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score, passive range of motion (PROM) of the ankle plantar-flexor muscles with knee extension, and median red pixel intensity (RPI) of color histogram of medial gastrocnemius on real-time sonoelastography (RTS) were measured before ESWT, immediately after the first and third ESWT, and at 4 weeks after the third ESWT. RESULTS: Mean ankle PROM was significantly increased whereas as mean ankle MAS and median gastrocnemius RPI were significantly decreased in both groups after the first ESWT. Clinical and RTS parameters before ESWT were not significantly different from those immediately after the third ESWT or at 4 weeks after the third ESWT in group 1. However, they were significantly different from those immediately after the third ESWT or at 4 weeks after the third ESWT in group 2. Mean ankle PROM, mean ankle MAS, and median gastrocnemius RPI in group 2 were significantly different from that in group 1 at 4 weeks or immediately after the third ESWT. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of ESWT on spastic medial gastrocnemius in children with spastic CP is dependent on the number of ESWT sessions.
Ankle ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Child* ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Humans ; Knee ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Muscles ; Pilot Projects* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shock*

OBJECTIVE: To compare a new ultrasound measurement method with calliper cephalometry in infants with deformational plagiocephaly (DP) and to assess the differences of two methods according to the severity of DP. METHODS: Fifty-two infants with DP were divided into two groups according to the degree of cranial vault asymmetry (CVA); group 1 included 42 infants with CVA over 10 mm, and group 2 included 10 infants with CVA under 10 mm. Cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) and occipital angle ratio (OAR) were measured by using calliper and ultrasound measurements, respectively. The occipital angle was defined as the angle between the lines projected along the lambdoid sutures of the skull. RESULTS: The occipital angles of the affected sides were significantly greater than those of unaffected sides in both groups. The CVAI and OAR were significantly greater in group 1 than in group 2 (CVAI, 9.3%+/-2.3% vs. 4.6%+/-1.5%; OAR, 1.05+/-0.4 vs. 1.01+/-0.0; p<0.05). The OAR was positively correlated with the CVAI in all infants (r=0.789) and in group 1 (r=0.784; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that OAR using the new ultrasound measurement was positively correlated with the CVAI in infants with DP. Therefore, the occipital angle measurement using ultrasound combined with cephalometry could provide better understanding about the characteristics of the overall cranial bone and lambdoid suture complex in infants with DP.
Cephalometry ; Craniofacial Abnormalities ; Head* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Plagiocephaly* ; Plagiocephaly, Nonsynostotic ; Skull ; Sutures ; Ultrasonography*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether age influences a change in the spasticity of the ankle plantar flexor after botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injection in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: Sixteen children with spastic CP were enrolled in the study. Seven children (group 1) were under 5 years of age, and nine (group 2) were over 5 years of age. They all received BTA injection in the gastrocnemius muscle (GCM) under ultrasound guidance. Passive range of motion (PROM) of ankle dorsiflexion, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) of the ankle plantar flexor, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and median red pixel intensity (RPI) of the medial GCM on real-time sonoelastography were measured at baseline (pre-injection) and 1-, 3-, and 6-month post-injection. RESULTS: In both groups, the mean PROM, MAS, and RPI were significantly improved after injection until 6-month post-injection. The change of PROM of ankle dorsiflexion in group 1 was significantly greater than that in group 2, until 6-month post-injection. The change in the MAS and GMFM between baseline and 6-month post-injection in group 1 was greater than that in group 2. The changes in the median RPI between baseline and 3- and 6-month post-injections were greater in group 1 than in group 2. CONCLUSION: Our pilot study demonstrated the different changes in spasticity of the ankle plantar flexor after BTA injection based on age. Therefore, age may be considered when establishing a treatment plan using BTA injection for children with spastic CP.
Ankle ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A* ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Child* ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Pilot Projects ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether age influences a change in the spasticity of the ankle plantar flexor after botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injection in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: Sixteen children with spastic CP were enrolled in the study. Seven children (group 1) were under 5 years of age, and nine (group 2) were over 5 years of age. They all received BTA injection in the gastrocnemius muscle (GCM) under ultrasound guidance. Passive range of motion (PROM) of ankle dorsiflexion, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) of the ankle plantar flexor, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and median red pixel intensity (RPI) of the medial GCM on real-time sonoelastography were measured at baseline (pre-injection) and 1-, 3-, and 6-month post-injection. RESULTS: In both groups, the mean PROM, MAS, and RPI were significantly improved after injection until 6-month post-injection. The change of PROM of ankle dorsiflexion in group 1 was significantly greater than that in group 2, until 6-month post-injection. The change in the MAS and GMFM between baseline and 6-month post-injection in group 1 was greater than that in group 2. The changes in the median RPI between baseline and 3- and 6-month post-injections were greater in group 1 than in group 2. CONCLUSION: Our pilot study demonstrated the different changes in spasticity of the ankle plantar flexor after BTA injection based on age. Therefore, age may be considered when establishing a treatment plan using BTA injection for children with spastic CP.
Ankle ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A* ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Child* ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Pilot Projects ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Ultrasonography