No abstract available.
Sarcoma*

PURPOSE: To report a case of laser photocoagulation treatment for the patient of Coats' disease accompanying a retinal macrocyst. CASE SUMMARY: A three-year-old boy visited the hospital whose chief complaint was visual acuity decrease of his left eye. Fundus examination showed macular scar, foveal hard exudates and inferior retinal cystic lesion in his left eye. Two months later, examination under anesthesia (EUA) and fluorescein angiography (FAG) was performed. The results revealed inferior retinal macrocyst, nasal avascular retina and telangiectasia around the retinal macrocyst. Laser photocoagulation was performed around the retinal macrocyst and at the nasal avascular retina. One year after the laser photocoagulation, retinal macrocyst did not further progress and the retina was stabilized. CONCLUSIONS: Laser photocoagulation was done around the retinal macrocyst and at the nasal avascular retina of the Coats' disease accompanying a retinal macrocyst and the lesions did not further progress and the retina was stabilized.
Anesthesia ; Cicatrix ; Exudates and Transudates ; Eye ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Telangiectasis ; Visual Acuity

This study was designed to assess the postoperative status of the large-recessed superior rectus muscle using hang-loose technique(HLT) in rabbits. We also examined the histopathological featores of the muscles in HLT recession. The results were as follows: In HLT recession, anterior displacement of the muscles was noted in 16 of 20 eyes(80%) and the degree of anterior displacement increased in time to three months postoperatively. The average degree of displacement in 20 eyes was 1.1mm. The anterior margin of the muscle was parallel with limbus in 12 of 20 eyes(60%). In HLT recession, inflammation and foreign body reaction in the muscle decreased while fibrosis increased with time. Two weeks after HLT recession, adhesion between the muscle and the sclera was observed. Therefore, the authors thought that these findings should be considered in the clinical use of hang-loose technique.
Fibrosis ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Inflammation ; Muscles* ; Rabbits* ; Sclera

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catalytic process by which cytoplasmic components including damaged macromolecules and organelles are degraded. The role of autophagy includes adaptive responses to nutrition deprivation or intracellular stimuli. Although autophagosomes were first observed in early 1960s, it was 1990s that autophagy-related genes in yeast were identified and studied. Nowadays, the molecular machinery of autophagy and signaling pathway to various stimuli are almost outlined. Dysregulation of autophagic activity has been implicated in many human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, infection and inflammation, and malignancies. However, since current understanding of autophagy in placenta is just at the beginning, this paper aims to provide general information on autophagy (part I) and to summarize articles on autophagy in human placenta (part II). This review article will serve as a basis for further researches on autophagy in relation to human pregnancy and its complications.
Autophagy* ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Organelles ; Placenta* ; Pregnancy ; Trophoblasts ; Yeasts

Although every pregnant woman and her physician hope for an easy pregnancy free of complications, complications can occur to a greater or lesser extent, some of which are still considered inevitable. The maternal mortality ratio in the Republic of Korea recently increased from 13.5 per 100,000 live births in 2009 to 17.2 in 2011, along with a noticeable increase, of up to 20%, in the proportion of older pregnant women (>35 years old). In contrast to postpartum bleeding, which has decreased, amniotic fluid embolism and pulmonary embolism, which are closely related to older maternal age and typically considered inevitable, are causing an increasing proportion of maternal mortalities. The neonatal mortality rate, defined the rate of death per 1,000 live births under 28 days of life, was reported to be 1.7 in 2011 in Korea and respiratory distress of newborns accounts for about one third of neonatal deaths. The pre-valence of cerebral palsy (CP) is approximately 2 per 1,000 live-born children and has remained unchanged over recent decades worldwide. Although multiple antenatal factors, including pre-term birth, low birth weight, infection/inflammation, multiple gestation, and other pregnancy com-plications have been frequently associated with CP, the underlying causes of CP remain largely unknown and recent evidence has indicated that birth asphyxia plays a minor role. This review provides information on the contemporary medical understanding of amniotic fluid embolism, pulmonary embolism, meconium aspiration syndrome, and CP, which are generally considered to be 'no-fault accidents' during birth.
Amniotic Fluid ; Asphyxia ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Embolism ; Embolism, Amniotic Fluid ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Live Birth ; Maternal Age ; Maternal Mortality ; Meconium ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Republic of Korea

We experienced a case of malignant mucinous tumor of ovary developed in 17-year-oldnulliparous women and brief review of the case and its literature are presented.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Adolescent* ; Female* ; Humans ; Mucins* ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary

No abstract available.
Vulva*

The authors experienced two cases of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)-induced acute-onset bilateral myopia and shallowing of the anterior chambers. Two middle-aged women taking HCTZ, a sulfa derivative, visited our clinic complaining of acute bilateral visual deterioration. Both had good visual acuity without corrective lenses before taking HCTZ. A complete ophthalmologic examination revealed bilateral myopic shift, intraocular pressure elevation, shallowing of the anterior chambers, choroidal effusions, radiating retinal folds, and conjunctival chemosis. Approximately one week after HCTZ discontinuance, all ocular changes disappeared completely. Physicians should be aware of the adverse ocular effects of HCTZ and should manage patients accordingly.
Acute Disease ; Adult ; Anterior Chamber/drug effects ; Choroid/drug effects/*metabolism ; Cilia/drug effects/*metabolism ; Diuretics/*adverse effects ; Exudates and Transudates/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/*adverse effects ; Intraocular Pressure/drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Myopia/*chemically induced

PURPOSE: To compare the foveal thickness (FT) parameters measured by Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Spectralis OCT in various retinal diseases and to construct conversion formulas between the two types of OCT devices. METHODS: We examined 366 consecutive patients (475 eyes) with retinal diseases and 13 normal controls (13 eyes). The patients were categorized into eight retinal disease groups. The mean amount and distribution of foveal thickness differences (FTD) measured by Stratus and Spectralis OCT were determined, and conversion formulas were constructed for Stratus OCT FT from Spectralis OCT FT for each retinal disease group. RESULTS: Among retinal diseases, the mean FTD was significantly larger in exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients (mean +/- SD, 94.0 +/- 55.0 microm) compared to normal subjects (66.2 +/- 11.7 microm; p < 0.0001). The proportion of eyes with a mean FTD outside 1.96 standard deviations of normal subject FTD was greatest in the exudative AMD (50.0%) group and smallest in the macular hole (18.2%) group. The predicted FTs obtained through the conversion formulas showed lower variance than the actual FTD values, especially in the exudative AMD group. The prediction line for exudative AMD deviated most from that of normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: FTD shows diverse values and variances among various retinal diseases, especially in exudative AMD, which indicates that Stratus OCT FT cannot be predicted from Spectralis OCT FT by FTD value alone. We constructed statistically significant conversion formulas, which provided more reliable methods to predict Stratus OCT-measured FT from Spectralis OCT measurements for different retinal disease groups.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Fovea Centralis/*pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Retinal Diseases/*pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; *Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) is widely used for the early detection of prostate cancer, with biopsies often being performed when the serum concentration exceeds a defined threshold. The concept of prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) was introduced to enhance the specificity of serum PSA for cancer. We investigated the change in serum PSA and PSAD in patients with clinical prostatitis after antibiotic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of 39 patients with chronic prostatitis whose serum PSA and PSAD exceeded 4.0 ng/ml and 0.15 ng/ml/cm3, respectively, were reviewed retrospectively. After they received 4 to 8 weeks of antibiotics, the serum PSA concentration was remeasured. Men with persistently elevated serum PSA concentrations underwent prostate biopsy. RESULTS: The mean pretreatment serum PSA and PSAD was 8.73 ng/ml and 0.24 ng/ml/cm3, respectively. After antibiotic treatment, the mean values decreased significantly, to 4.55 ng/ml and 0.13 ng/ml/cm3, respectively (p<0.05). The mean decrease in serum PSA was 4.19 3.78 ng/ml, a mean relative change 44.3 31.7%. Among 39 men, 22 (56.4%) had their serum PSA and PSAD values return to the normal ranges. Prostate biopsy in 24 patients with persistently elevated serum PSA or PSAD after antibiotic therapy revealed prostate cancer in 4. CONCLUSIONS: Prostatitis is one of the most important factors in serum PSA and PSAD elevation in men without clinically detectable prostate cancer. A decrease in PSA and PSAD after antibiotic treatment can help in avoiding unnecessary prostate biopsies.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Prostatitis* ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity