Gene expression of nm23 has been investigated in many kinds of tumors, including breast cancers, colon cancers, hepatocellular carcinomas, papillary carcinomas of the thyroid and malignant melanomas since the nm23 was dislovered by Dr. Steeg as a tumor metastatic suppressor gene. Reduced expression of nm23 gene implicated in high metastatic potential in a variety of malignancies. However, there have been only a few reports on genetic alteration and expression of nm23 in human gastric carcinomas even though gastric carcinoma is a leading malignancy in Korea. In this study, we examined the expression of nm23 protein by immunohistochemistry in advanced and early gastric carcinomas, adenomas, matching normal mucosa to elucidate the role of nm23 in the development, progression and metastasis of human gastric carcinomas. The results are as follows; 1) Nm23 was expressed in 39 cases(69.6%) of 56 advanced gastric carcinomas. Among them, strong positive cases(grade 3) were 26(46.4%) and weak positive cases(grade 2) were 13(23.2%). 2) Nm23 expression was significantly different (P<0.05) depending on the site of the neoplasm. Antral carcinomas showed grade3 positivity in the 22/37 cases(60%), but carcinomas of the body showed negative (grade 1) result in about half(42.1%). 3) Nm23 expression was more intense in the neoplasm than normal mucosa.(67.9%) 4) Nm23 expression was not significantly related to the lymph node metastasis, invasion of lymphatics or veins and depth of invasion. 5) In the well differentiated carcinomas, grade3 were more common(64.0%). But in cases of signet ring cell carcinoma, many cases were negative(50.0%). 6) Nm23 expression rate and intensity was significantly increased from the normal mucosa to the gastric adenomas, early gastric carcinomas and advanced gastric carcinomas.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Breast Neoplasms

Spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs less than 1% of all cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage or hematoma. The causes of spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage or hematoma, include trauma(often caused by lumbar puncture), vascular lesions, neoplastic lesions, coagulopathy, hypertension and Behcet's disease. The occurrence of spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hematoma of unknown pathogenesis is extremely rare. We report a case of spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hematoma of unknown origin at thoracic level of a 33-year-old woman. At admission, she presented with back pain and paraparesis for 3 days prior to admission. There was no history of trauma and use of anticoagulants. On thoracic CT, the lunate shaped high density mass which displaced the spinal cord to right side at T3 to T6 was showed, but did not show contrast enhancement. On thoracic MRI, this mass was iso-signal intensity in T1 weighted image and low-signal intensity in T2 weighted image. In GDTA-enhanced MRI, the mass was not enhanced. We removed subarachnoid hematoma with total laminectomy through T4 to T6. Her neurologic deficit was fully improved and discharged. We conclude that even if the rate of spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hematoma of unknown is low, the clinical symptom may progress rapidly. Therefore, early diagnosis and removal of hematoma is essential for improvement of the patient's neurologic deficit. inhibition of vestibular nuclear complex through nhibitory Purkinje system.
Adult ; Anticoagulants ; Back Pain ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Laminectomy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paraparesis ; Spinal Cord ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: A bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) is useful in diagnosing the etiology of bilateral pulmonary infiltrations, but may worsen the oxygenation and clinical status in severely hypoxemic patients. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of the continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) using a conventional mechanical ventilator via a face mask as a tool for maintaining the oxygenation level during BAL. METHODS: Seven consecutive patients with the bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia (PaO2/FIO2 ratio Anoxia* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Bronchoscopes ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure* ; Gases ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intubation ; Masks ; Mouth ; Oxygen ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND: A bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) is useful in diagnosing the etiology of bilateral pulmonary infiltrations, but may worsen the oxygenation and clinical status in severely hypoxemic patients. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of the continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) using a conventional mechanical ventilator via a face mask as a tool for maintaining the oxygenation level during BAL. METHODS: Seven consecutive patients with the bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia (PaO2/FIO2 ratio Anoxia* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Bronchoscopes ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure* ; Gases ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intubation ; Masks ; Mouth ; Oxygen ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Vital Signs