A newborn infant, who was low-birth weight(1,780gm), showed severe degree of jaundice on second day of life and skin color became dark greenish-yellow and moderate hepatosplenomegaly was noted on physical examination. Results of liver function test & radioimmuniassay for hepatitis B antigen of both infant and mother suggested that neonatal hepatitis B seemed to occure transplacentally during pregnancy from infected mother. Pancytopenia was followed, but we could not confirm aplastic anemia due to lack of bone marrow specimen. As mentioned above, we experienced a case of vertically transmitted neonatal hepatitis B with pancytopenia. We present a brief review of related literatures.
Anemia, Aplastic ; Bone Marrow ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Liver Function Tests ; Mothers ; Pancytopenia* ; Physical Examination ; Pregnancy ; Skin

The purpose of this study was undertaken to test if alteration of calcium flux across the sarcolemma or sarcoplasmic reticulum change subsequent relaxation of rat aorta in tissue model of ischemia. Thoracic aorta ring segments(2-3mm wide) were studied with solution that mimicked real ischemia condition(hypoxia, acidosis, elevated lactate levels and zero sub strate). During ischemic condition, the effect of treatments thought to decrease cytosolic cal cium were tested. Half time(t(1/2)) and degree of stabilized relaxation were 2.4+/-0.9 minutes and 17.6+/-12.1%(NE 10-7 M precontraction as 100%) for verapamil(10-6 M), 3.3+/-0.7 min- utes, 22.2+/-3.9% for low Ca2+(0.75mM) in ischemic solution. Interventions aimed to elevat- ing cytosolic calcium were also tested. 3.8+/-0.9 minutes and 68.6+/-8.1% for high (10.0 mM) Ca2+ in ischemic solution, 3.7+/-0.7 minutes, 72.8+/-3.9/. for ryanodine(3X10-9 M). 3.8+/-0.5 minutes, 53.4+/-2.6% for isoproterenol. Without any treatment or agents during ischemia, hlaf time and degree of relaxation were 4.0+/-1.7 minutes, 74.6+/-13.2%, enothelium and time independent. These data support that treatment or agent thought to reduce influx of cytosolic calcium levels exaggerated the severity of relaxation. The mechanism of relaxation in ischsmia is not completely clear, but it is suggested that a reduction of calcium influx may involved and directly related.
Acidosis ; Animals ; Anoxia ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Calcium ; Cytosol ; Ischemia* ; Isoproterenol ; Lactic Acid ; Rats* ; Relaxation* ; Sarcolemma ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the workshop on the nurses' knowledge about urinary incontinence (UI) self-management, attitudes toward UI, and self-efficacy to plan and implement a UI self-help group program for their clients. METHODS: A one-group pretest and posttest design was used to examine changes in knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy following a one-day training workshop. Twenty-seven community health nurses completed a questionnaire before and after the workshop. Before participating in the workshop, the participants were required to take a UI online continuing education program developed by the researchers. During the workshop, the participants took four sessions which consisted of an introduction of a self-help group program, demonstration of a 5-week UI self-management program contents, pelvic floor muscle training and biofeedback practice, and group discussions to plan the implementation in their workplaces. RESULTS: A significant improvement in knowledge of and attitudes toward UI were found (t=3.53, p=.002; t=2.83, p=.009, respectively) after the workshop. Participants also demonstrated improvement in their self-efficacy to plan and operate a UI self-help group program (Z=-2.64, p=.008). CONCLUSION: The one-day workshop for community health nurses is a feasible strategy to increase their abilities and confidence in operating a UI self-help group program.
Biofeedback, Psychology ; Education* ; Education, Continuing ; Nurses, Community Health* ; Pelvic Floor ; Program Evaluation ; Self Care* ; Self-Help Groups ; Urinary Incontinence*

This study was performed to understand pediatric pain management status and nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward it. In addition, it aimed to provide basic data in order to establish effective nursing intervention strategies by confirming the barriers of effective pain management in practice. The subjects were 195 nurses working in pediatric units(general pediatric unit, oncology unit, neonatal unit, neonatal ICU, pediatric ICU) of 8 university hospitals and one general hospital. Data was collected by the questionnaire from the 3rd of August to the 20th of September in 1999. The instrument developed by Sanna(1999) to measure nurses' knowledge and their attitudes and the other tool by Cleeland(1984) to evaluate barriers in effective pain management was used. Results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Most nurses learn about the pain management knowledges from through regular curriculum of nursing school(62.0%). And almost nurses(90.8%) don't used to utilize pain assessment tool, but the "Faces Rating Scale" is the most frequently used by nurses. 2. The use of pain medication(65.6%) is most frequently taken by nurses as pain management and is followed by massage (55.9%), distraction(27.7%). 3. Nurses' knowledge level is moderate (Mn=3.07). Nurses don't seem to understand pediatric physical development (Mn= 2.86), psychological development(Mn=2.94) well, meanwhile they seem relatively quite knowledgeable about the way pain emerges. 4. Nurses' attitudes toward pain is based on behavioral and physiological responses to pain. They believe 'changes in behavior are a way of assessing pain in child' and 'acute pain increases the number of respiration'. Nurses are ready to accept pediatric pain, but are not positive in adopting pain intervention in practice. 5. The barriers of effective pain management are inadequate assessment of pain and pain relief(81.5%), ineffective incorporation among health professionals(80%), and lack of equipment or skills(80.0%).
Child* ; Curriculum ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Massage ; Nursing ; Pain Management ; Pain Measurement ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

In light of the need for a tool to evaluate the clinical practice education environment as perceived by medical and nursing students, this study is was conducted to develop and validate the Korean version of the Undergraduate Clinical Education Environment Measure (K-UCEEM) as a measurement tool for managing the clinical practice education climate and quality of education. For validation, the UCEEM consisting of 25 items developed by Pia Strand in 2013 was adapted according to standard translation procedures. The K-UCEEM questionnaire was administered to 73 medical students and 135 nursing students who participated in clinical practice at one medical institution. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to confirm the validity of the instrument’s structure. In order to determine referential validity, the relationships among stresses in clinical practice were examined, and differences in factor scores were compared by gender and college. It was confirmed that the scale of 24 items and five factors showed a moderate model fitness index. The reliability of the factors ranged from 0.786 to 0.867. In addition, all five factors were found to have negative correlations with the clinical practice stress sub-factor, and there were statistically significant differences by gender and college. Through this study, the validity and reliability of the K-UCEEM were verified. In the future, it is expected that further verification of the scale, as well as evaluation and improvement of the clinical practice education environment based on this scale, will occur.

BACKGROUND: Diphencyclopropenone (DPCP) has recently been reported to be a potent contact sensitizer in the treatment of alopecia areata. However, the concentration for sensitization and optimal treatment method has not been standardized. In addition, highly variable results of DPCP use have been reported to date. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to find the optimal concentration for sensitization and to evaluate efficacy, prognostic factors and side effects of DPCP in the treatment of AA. METHODS: A total of 33 healthy people were enrolled in an open-label clinical trial to ascertain the concentration of DPCP needed for sensitization. The patients were sensitized with 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% of DPCP on a 2 cm2 area of each extremity (both arms and legs). We also reviewed the medical records of 48 alopecia areata patients who had been treated with DPCP. We evaluated both therapeutic efficacy and prognostic factors influencing the therapeutic effect of DPCP immunotherapy. RESULTS: Sensitization of 1.0% DPCP in 91% of patients. This concentration showed a higher sensitization rate than 0.5% DPCP, but a lower irritation rate than 1.5% DPCP. 56.3% (27/48) of patients showed terminal hair growth and 33.3% (16/48) completely responded with a cosmetically-acceptable result. The prognostic factor which influenced the result of therapy was the extent of alopecia areata. CONCLUSION: Topical DPCP treatment for alopecia is quite effective and well-tolerated. This therapy also provides safe therapeutic benefits if it is carried out with the correct sensitization concentration and treatment procedure.
Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Arm ; Extremities ; Hair ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Medical Records

Laryngeal leukoplakia is seen in a number of pathologic settings such as keratosis without atypia(KWOA), keratosis with atypia(KWA), squamous cell carcinoma in situ(CIS) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and it continues to be a confusing and controversial topic for both otolaryngologist and pathologist. This is largely due to the use of ambiguous and inconsistent terminology, the lack of unanimous agreement on the definition of these terms, failure of the clinician to obtain a representative biopsy, and the subjectivity of the pathologist interpreting the biopsy. To evaluate the applicability of the expression pattern of p53 and PCNA in borderline cases of histopathologic classification, we performed a histopathologic analysis of leukoplakia to includ clinical follow-up, correlation of disease progression and degree of atypia, and expression of p53 and PCNA according to the degree of atypia. Histologically, laryngeal leukoplakia included seven cases of KWOA, fourteen cases of KWA (mild-2, moderate-8, severe-4), three cases of CIS, and one case of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Keratosis with atypia, a moderate degree or more, showed a strong tendency to progress to invasive carcinoma(p<0.05). The degree of p53 and PCNA expression correlated with the degree of atypia(p<0.05). p53-positive cases at the initial biopsy clearly tended to recur and develop into invasive carcinoma(p<0.01).
Biopsy

No abstract available.
Female ; Germ Cells* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Ovary*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance, difficulty, and frequency of work (duties and tasks) done by nurses' in Outpatient Departments (OPD). METHOD: Data were collected using structured questionnaires, which included 11 duties and 92 tasks making up the OPD nurse's job. Questionnaires were completed by 286 nurses. Each duty and task was analyzed for importance, difficulty, and frequency (range 1-3). RESULTS: The mean score for importance was 2.58+/-0.29, for difficulty, 2.11+/-0.31, and for frequency, 2.18+/-0.31. OPD nurses recognized'patient education and consultation' as important and difficult. However, in practice OPD nurses reported the most frequent task as'support for medical services'. There was a significant difference in importance and difficulty of duties according to OPD nurses' university degree (F=3.693, p= .026; F=4.089, p= .018) and hospital size (F=4.274, p= .006; F=3.154, p= .025). However there were no differences in importance, difficulty, or frequency according to clinical experience in OPD. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that OPD nurses must be able to do important and difficult duties and tasks, especially patient education and consultation. To have time for these uniquely nursing tasks, OPD nurses need to delegate'preparation for medical service', and'management of facility and environment' to nonmedical health-care workers.
Health Facility Size ; Humans ; Job Description ; Outpatients ; Patient Education as Topic ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the effects of exercise on physiological, physical and psychological functions of the frail elderly. METHODS: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected from September 9 to October 10, 2009. The subjects were 56 frail elders who agreed to participate in this study and each subject was randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=28) or the control group (n=28). The exercise program was provided to each subject in the experimental group twice in a week for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed with frequency, chi2-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnor test and independent t-test using SPSS/WIN 12.0. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in psychological functions in the experimental group compared to the control group (t=1.726, p=.045). CONCLUSION: The exercise program showed the effects to improve the psychological functions of the frail elderly with chronic disease. In recommendation, this exercise program could be utilized as a health promoting program for the frail elderly.
Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; Frail Elderly ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Research Design