Currently intracavernous pharmacotherapy is the second common therapeutic modality for erectile dysfunction after the introduction of Viagra. Nevertheless, intracavernous pharmacotherapy has increased in popularity for the past 15 years. While having an overwhelming safety after complete training in injection method, this treatment option can reveal unexpected complications related to self-injection. We report two cases of intracavernous needle breakage associated with alprostadil (Caverject , Pharmacia-Upjohn) and trimix self-injection therapy with a brief review of the literature.
Alprostadil ; Drug Therapy ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Male ; Needles* ; Sildenafil Citrate

OBJECTIVE: To report the prevalence of lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and infertility. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies were analyzed by Diluted Russell's Viper Venom Test (DRVVT) and solid phase enzyme immunoassay, respectively. RESULTS: In 200 patients with infertility, there were 6 cases (3%) with positive lupus anticoagulants or anticardiolipin antibodies. Of these, 3 patients (1.5%) showed positive lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies, respectively. In 120 patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion, there were 13 cases (10.8%) of positive lupus anticoagulants or anticardiolipin antibodies. Of these, one patient (1%) showed lupus anticoagulants and 12 patients (10%) showed anticardiolipin antibodies. But in two groups, there was no cases with positive lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies. CONCLUSION: Lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies are definite cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion. There has been a speculation that they might be associated with infertility and repeated IVF failures. But it was found that the role of lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies in these cases are not clear.
Abortion, Spontaneous* ; Antibodies, Anticardiolipin* ; Anticoagulants* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Infertility* ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Russell's Viper ; Venoms

No abstract available.
Cystadenoma, Mucinous* ; Mucins* ; Pancreas*

A 5 year old girl was visited with the chief complaint of abnormal genitalia from birth. Physical examination revealed enlarged clitoris, urogenital sinus formation, increased urinary 17-ketosteroid, Jailer's test positive and sex chromatin positive. Diagnosis was made congenital adrenogenital syndrome.
Adrenogenital Syndrome* ; Child, Preschool ; Clitoris ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Parturition ; Physical Examination ; Sex Chromatin

By implementing epoch-making policies for industrial promotion, the national economy has made a remarkable development. As a result of such economic growth, industrial accidents and occupational diseases have become a serious problem in Korean society. In the presidential order for the execution of the Korean Labor Standard Law, neuritis and other diseases stemming from health impairments due to vibrations in industrial processes are designated to be dealt with as vibration diseases. In the case of vibration disease, industrial accident compensation is not effectively paid. In order to investigate the vibration hazards of rock-drill operation, the authors studied the subjective symptoms and performed physical function tests on a total of 79 persons (vibration exposed group) who used rock-drills, and 39 persons (control group) who did not use rock-drills at anthracite mines. The results of the physical function test were as follows : 1. The right hand was more affected by white finger than the left hand. 2. Independent variables such as duration of rock-drill operation, age, drinking and smoking were identified as statistically significant factors for the occurrence of white finger. 3. In the pain sense threshold, the group with Raynaud's phenomenon showed a statistically higher level than that of the control group. 4. The skin temperature of the group with Raynaud's phenomenon was lower than that of the control group. The recovery time of skin temperature after cooling was delayed compared with the value of the control group.
Accidents, Occupational ; Coal* ; Compensation and Redress ; Drinking ; Economic Development ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Neuritis ; Occupational Diseases ; Skin Temperature* ; Skin* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vibration

The purpose of the study was to test the effect of the health promotion program in middle women. The research design was a quasi experimental, nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design. The data were collected from February 24 to April 14, 1988. The subjects were midlife women, age 40 to 50 years who reside in Chonju city. The experimental group consisted of 41 subjects and the control group 40 subjects. The instruments used for the study were the Self Efficacy Scale and the Health Promotion Behavior Scale developed by Park(1995). The data was analyzed by SPSS/PC. The study result were as follows: Through the 7 week education program for health promotion, self efficacy and health behavior were effectively changed in middle-aged.
Education ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Research Design ; Self Efficacy

BACKGROUND: Since dysthymia begins in late childhood or adolescence and has a chronic course, long-term pharmacotherapy may be required. New generation antidepressant, moclobemide, with more acceptable side effect profiles, is effective in the treatment of dysthymia. The main objective of this study was to determine whether they exhibit comparable efficacy and tolerability in dysthymia to amitriptyline. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The efficacy and tolerability of the moclobemide and amitriptyline, were compared in a eight-week single-centre double-blind study in patients(n=37) with dysthymia using he HAMD-17, the Clinical Global Impression Scale(CGI), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale(MADRS), Efficacy Index-Therapeutic Index(EITE), 4-point Index Side Effect Scale(4-PISES), and Efficacy Index-Side Effect Scale(EISE). RESULTS: A total of 37 patients entered the study, 19 were randomly assigned to the moclobemide group and 18 to be amitriptyline group. Demographic and illness characteristics were similar in both groups. There were no significant difference between two groups at the total 17-HDRS score, the HAMD-17% improvement, the total MADRS score, CGI response, and the EITE. In the comparison of EISE between two groups, the scores of the moclobemide group were relatively lower than the amitriptylinen group in full treatment. And the differences were significant(moclobemide group 1.39+/-0.61 ; amitriptyline group 2.00+/-0.85, p<.001). At the 4-PISE. There was no serious or treatment threatening side effects. And there was no specific difference in side effects between two groups. The moclobemide group reported higher EIR scores than the amitriptyline group at every follow up day, but the differences were not significant. And there was no significant differences in the scores of five HRQOL subcategories which is compared between two groups at every follow up days. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of 17-HDRS and MADRS, moclobemide and amitriptyline are equally effective at least in allevating dysthymic symptoms. But moclobemide tended to be less troubling and better tolerated than amitriptyline. Therefore, moclobemide treatment can be used as a safe, and higher satisfactory treatment strategy for the dysthymia.
Adolescent ; Amitriptyline* ; Depression ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Therapy ; Dysthymic Disorder* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Moclobemide*

PURPOSE: We measured angle lambda in normal and exotropic patients using Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzler, Germany). The relationship between angle lambda and refractive error was analyzed in the present study. METHODS: From December, 2013 to August, 2014, 135 eyes of 135 individuals under 16 years of age were enrolled in this study. Pentacam measures a distance between the center of the pupil and the corneal reflex point. The distance was converted to the angle lambda using the second law of cosines. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows, version 21.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The differences among the groups when measuring angle lambda were calculated using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pearson's correlation test was used to analyze the correlation among the variables. RESULTS: The mean age was 7.60 +/- 3.68 years. Mean angle lambda values of the normal and exotropia groups were 4.41 +/- 2.23degrees and 4.92 +/- 2.58degrees, respectively. To evaluate the association of angle lambda and refraction measures, individuals were further classified according to the degree of myopia and hyperopia. The angle lambda values in the 3 groups according to refraction status (myopic, emmetropic and hyperopic) were 3.95 +/- 2.16degrees, 4.84 +/- 2.62degrees and 5.30 +/- 2.35degrees, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between angle lambda and spherical equivalent (correlation coefficient = 0.341, p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between angle lambda and age (correlation coefficient = -0.181, p = 0.036). There was a negative correlation between axial length and angle lambda (correlation coefficient = -0.469, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The results in this study were in agreement with the results from previous studies. Measuring the distance between the centers of the pupil and the point of corneal reflection using Pentacam is recommended as a quick, objective, quantitative and reproducible method to measure the angle lambda in children.
Child* ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Jurisprudence ; Myopia ; Pupil ; Reflex ; Refractive Errors

We present a case of erosive adenomatosis of the nipple in a 22-year-old woman. The clinical features of erosive adenomatosis of the nipple are similar to Paget's disease in that it has erythematous erosions with oozing and fissured crusts on one nipple. However, histologic findings are characteristic, consisting of dilated tubular structures that are lined by a peripheral layer of cuboidal cells and a luminal layer of columnar cells showing secretary properties into the lumen. The clinical course is benign, so simple mastectomy is enough for treatment.
Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Simple ; Nipples* ; Phenobarbital ; Young Adult

We report on a case of torsion of an accessory spleen occurring in a 19-year-old female. She was admitted with a three-day history of left-upper quadrant pain that became slowly aggravated. On physical examination, left-side abdominal tenderness was observed, most markedly in the left upper quadrant, but no rebound tenderness was noted. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed a non-enhancing mass with a tubular vascular pedicle and normal enhancing spleen in the left upper abdomen. Doppler ultrasound showed no vascular flow within the hypoechoic mass in the left upper abdomen. Torsion of an accessory spleen was suspected, and emergent laparoscopic exploration was performed. Laparoscopic exploration showed a large rounded violet mass with a tw isted vascular pedicle, located anterior to the normal spleen. The mass was excised laparoscopically and then removed through a 2.5 cm extended incision of the left-sided trocar incision. Postoperative recovery was normal and she was discharged on the fifth postoperative day.
Abdomen ; Female ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Spleen* ; Surgical Instruments ; Ultrasonography ; Viola ; Young Adult