No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Coxiella burnetii* ; Coxiella* ; Korea* ; Prevalence* ; Q Fever*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test a predictive model that could predict and explain work effectiveness among staff nurses at local hospitals. METHODS: Between April 1 and May 15, 2009, 340 nurses were recruited from two hospitals (one in Ulsan and one in Yangsan). Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: A modified model was retained, as the final path model showed a very good fit with the data. Job characteristics and compensation justice were found to have direct and positive effects on empowerment. Job characteristics, transformational leadership, and empowerment were found to directly and positively affect work effectiveness. In addition, job characteristics were found to have a greater effect on empowerment and work effectiveness than other factors do. CONCLUSION: This structural equation model was used to test the relationships between these factors and work effectiveness. Empowerment mediated the relationship between job characteristics, transformational leadership, and work effectiveness. Findings from this study can be used to design the strategies for increasing work effectiveness in Korean nurses.
Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; *Leadership ; *Models, Theoretical ; Nurses/*psychology ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/*psychology ; *Power (Psychology) ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between spiritual well-being and mental health and to examine the effect of spiritual well-being on mental health in nursing students. METHODS: Between October 2011 and November 2012 nursing students (n=193) in 2 universities in 2 cities completed measures of spiritual well-being and mental health. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with the SPSS/Win 20.0 program. RESULTS: All variables correlated significantly with each other in the positive direction: mental health was correlated with existential well-being (r=.72) and religious spiritual well-being (r=.23). The factor influencing mental health was existential well-being (beta=.70, p<.001). Existential well-being explained 51.0% of nursing students' mental health. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that spiritual well-being of nursing students is related to mental health. Especially, existential well-being has a major effect on mental health in nursing students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies which strengthen existential well-being in order to improve perspective nursing students.
Humans ; Mental Health* ; Nursing* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Spirituality ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: It has been attempted to support mother of premature infants by providing information of premature infant care using e-learning because premature infants need continuous care from birth to after discharge. METHOD: The e-Learning Program for mother of premature was developed with Xpert, Namo web editor, Adobe Photoshop, and PowerPoint and applied for 4 weeks from 4 to 30 September 2006. RESULT: 1) We found that the contents of information which premature infants' need when being in the hospital and after discharge were the definition of a premature infant, orientation of NICU, care of premature infants, care of premature infants' common diseases, the connection of healthcare resources, exchange of information, and the management of rearing stress. 2) The program content consisted of cause of premature birth, comparison to full-term baby, physiology character, orientation of NICU, common health problems, follow up care, infection control, feeding, normal development physically and mentally, weaning method, and vaccination. CONCLUSION: Considering the results, this program for mother of premature is a useful means to provide premature-care information to mothers. This information can be readily accessible and can be varied and complex enough to be able to help mothers to the information and assistance they require.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; *Infant, Premature ; Internet ; Learning ; Maternal Behavior ; Mother-Child Relations ; Mothers/*education ; Program Evaluation ; Software Design

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to identify Korean high school students' health behaviors and perceived stress and to examine effects of their health behaviors on their stress perception. METHODS: The subjects were 33,744 high school students who participated in the 11th Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey 2015 in Korea. Data were analyzed using complex samples analysis with the PASW 18.0 program. The questionnaire utilized in this study is designed to find the subjects' general characteristics, health behaviors, and perceived stress. RESULTS: The prevalence of subjects with high level stress was 38.9%(n=13,137) in this study. There were significant differences in the general characteristics and stress perception among the Korean high school students in terms of gender, grade, school achievement, family's affluence, mother's education, perceived happiness, perceived health status, and stressor. The variables of health behaviors of Korean high school students were significantly different from stress perception. Under complex samples logistic regression, predictive factors of stress for the high school students include gender, grade, father's education, family's affluence, living arrangement, perceived health status, perceived happiness, current smoking, current alcohol experience, and enough sleep. CONCLUSION: The study suggests multilateral efforts are needed to help high school students' stress management including health behaviors for high school students.
Adolescent ; Education ; Happiness ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Prevalence ; Residence Characteristics ; Risk-Taking ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Biopsy*

PURPOSE: This study evaluates the level of cultural competence (CC) and educational needs for cultural competence in nursing (CCN) in undergraduate nursing students. METHODS: completed by 330 nursing students in three nursing colleges. Descriptive statistics, a t-test, an ANOVA, Pearson correlation analyses, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The mean CC score was 2.99 and the mean CCN educational needs score was 7.1. CC positively correlated with educational needs for CCN. The regression model explained 36% of the variance in CC. Factors affecting CC were school grades, multicultural education experience, frequency of meeting foreigners, length of encounters with foreigners, foreign-language fluency, and degree of interest in multicultural nursing. CONCLUSION: To strengthen the CC of students, nursing educators should develop an educational program for CCN and incorporate CCN into nursing school curricula.
Cultural Competency* ; Curriculum ; Education ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Humans ; Needs Assessment ; Nursing* ; Schools, Nursing ; Students, Nursing*

The ability to introduce recombinant DNA molecules back into mycobacteria would greatly increase the potential of molecular genetic approaches for the study of mycobacteria as well as for the use in clinical purposes. We have initiated the construction of vectors that facilitates the introduction of recombinant DNA into mycobacteria. The vector was designed to contain replicons for multiplication in mycobacteria and Escherichia coli, a promoter for gene expression, a drug resistant gene for selecting transformants, and a few restriction enzyme sites for convenient cloning. Constructed Mycobacterium-E. coli shuttle vector named p YMC (hsp60) was shown to transform M. smegmatis at high efficiency and maintain plasmid at stable level. The ability of the vector to express cloned foreign gene was also monitored by measuring the expressed level of luciferase gene which was used as a reporter. High level of luciferase activity in M. smegmatis with pYMC (hsp60:luc) was detected confirming successful construction of Mycobacterium-E. coli shuttle vector.
Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; DNA, Recombinant ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors* ; Luciferases ; Molecular Biology ; Mycobacterium* ; Plasmids ; Replicon

Thirty turtles (15 Clemys mutica and 15 Geoclemys reevesii) which were inoculated with human sera those were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B "e" antigen (HBeAg) were found to be infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). The levels of HBV infection markers, such as HBsAg and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBsAg), were retinely monitored in the turtles' serum for 46 weeks. Within two weeks of the inoculation, 42% of the turtles tested were positive for HBsAg, and their reciprocal titers as measured by reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA) and enzyme linked immunoabsorbance assay (ELISA) ranged from 16 to 96. Within 20 weeks, the remaining turtles tested HBsAg positive, as confirmed by ELISA. At 20 weeks, all but one of the turtles exhibited changes in HBV blood marker from HBsAg to anti-HBs; the one exception was positive for both HBsAg and anti-HBs. At the 47th week, 7 animals were killed and their organs were examined for HBV infected cells utilizing an immunofluorescent technique. Numerous fluorescent cells which reacted with human anti-HBs nad anti-HBc were observed in the following organs: pancreas, liver, kidney, and brain. Histopathologically, edematous changes in hepatocytes and minor cellular infiltration attributed to an inflammatory response were noted. Liver and kidney cells from the infected animals were cultured, and HBV antigen positive cells for HBsAg and HBcAg were detected in the cultures. Throughout the experiment, HBsAg was detected in the supernatant by ELISA. Virus particles which were indistinguishable from Dane particles were seen in the cytoplasmic vacuoles of the cultured cells by electron microscopy. Finally, the presence of HBV DNA was established by molecular hybridization techniques in the culture supernatants of kidney cells from the infected turtles.
Animal ; Hepatitis B/microbiology/transmission/*veterinary ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/isolation and purification ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens/isolation and purification ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/isolation and purification ; Human ; Kidney/microbiology ; Liver/microbiology/pathology ; Turtles/*microbiology

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Coxiella burnetii* ; Coxiella* ; Korea* ; Prevalence*