No abstract available.
Child* ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Humans

PURPOSE: Tetanus toxoid specific IgG titers were measured in 76 cases on children ranging from neonates to 18 yr old adolescents according to the frequency of DPT vaccination. METHODS: The Enzyquick tetanus Kit was used to measure tetanus toxoid specific IgG titers by the ELISA method. RESULTS: 1) In infants less than 2 months-olg, the mean tetanus toxoid specific IgG titer was 1.07 IU/ml. 2) In infants ranging from 2 months to 12 months of age, the mean was 3.59 IU/ml in 11 infant with primary vaccination, and 2.05 IU/ml in 2 infants with out vaccination. 3) In children ranging from 1 year to 2 years of age, the mean was 3.60 IU/ml in 4 children with booster vaccination, and 1.43 IU/ml in 4 children without bosster vaccination. 4) In children ranging from 2yrs to 4 yrs of age, the mean was 2.60 IU/ml in 11 children with booster vaccination, and 1.03 IU/ml in 5 children without booster vaccination. 5) In children ranging from 4 years to 7 years of age, the mean was 3.64 IU/ml in 7 children with booster vaccination, and 0.76 IU/ml in 5 children without vaccination. 6) In children ranging from 7 years to 11 years of age, the mean was 1.19 IU/ml in 4 children with booster vaccination, 0.44 IU/ml in a ten years old gir 1 without booster vaccination, and 0.93 IU/ml in 3 children whose vaccination history was unknown. 7) In the 11 year old to 18 year old age group, The mean 1.23 IU/ml in 5 children with booster vaccination, and 0.84 IU/ml in 8 children whose vaccination history was unknown. CONCLUSIONS: The antibody titers for tetanus toxoid is adquate to protect tetanus infection, if DPT vaccination is performed as scheduled. But the antibody titers fell rapidly, when the booster vaccination was not performed after primary vaccination. In conclusion, the booster accination after primary vaccination is necessory for the prevention of tetanus infectioin.
Adolescent ; Child* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Tetanus Toxoid* ; Tetanus* ; Vaccination

BACKGROUND: Chest pain is a problem that primary care physicians commonly face and often unnecessary work-up is done because of its clinical importance of cardiac origin. There are various studies on the causative disorders of chest pain, but studies on young adult males are relatively few. Therefore, we conducted this study on the cause of chest pain among young policemen. METHODS: Diagnosis and classification of chest pain were made among 106 policemen who visited the outpatient department of family medicine at the National Police Hospital from March 1, 2002 to June 30, 2002. RESULTS: The causes of chest pain were musculoskeletal (55%), psychogenic (17%), others (15%), gastrointestinal (7%) and respiratory (6%), but none of them were cardiovascular origin. The nature of chest pain were stabbing (41%), sharp (22%), pressing (18%), squeezing (16%) and substernal discomfort (3%). The duration of chest pain were below 10 minutes (37%), 10 minutes to 1 hour (15%), several hours (20%) and several days (28%). The location of chest pain were left chest (61%), right chest (18%), precordial (7%), epigastric (6%), substernal (4%) and others (4%). The frequencies of chest pain were more than once a day (23%), once a week (26%), once a month (11%), once more than 1 month interval (17%) and first attack (23%). The aggravating factors of chest pain were physical strain (25%), coughing (22%), psychologic stress (16%), smoking (10%), weather change (8%), drinking (7%), resting (5%), and overeating (6%). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that unnecessary tests should be avoided and adequate treatment matched to their causes through exact and detailed history taking should be done, because the causes of chest pain among young policemen are mostly non-cardiovascular origin.
Chest Pain* ; Classification ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Drinking ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Outpatients ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Police ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stress, Psychological ; Thorax* ; Weather ; Young Adult

Indocyanine green (ICG) could be applied for multiple functions such as fluorescent tumor localization, fluorescence lymph node mapping (FLNM), and intraoperative angiography in colorectal cancer surgery. With the near-infrared (NIR) systems, colonoscopic ICG tattooing can be used to define the early colorectal cancer that cannot be easily distinguished through the serosal surface. The lymphatic pathways can be visualized under the NIR system when ICG is injected through the submucosal or subserosal layer around the tumor. Intraoperative ICG angiography can be applied to find a favorable perfusion segment before the colon transection. Although all fluorescence functions are considered essential steps in image-guided surgery, it is difficult to perform multifunctional ICG applications in a single surgical procedure at once because complex protocols could interfere with each other. Therefore, we review the multifunctional ICG applications for fluorescent tumor localization, FLNM, and ICG angiography. We also discuss the optimal protocol for fluorescence-guided colorectal surgery.

Indocyanine green (ICG) could be applied for multiple functions such as fluorescent tumor localization, fluorescence lymph node mapping (FLNM), and intraoperative angiography in colorectal cancer surgery. With the near-infrared (NIR) systems, colonoscopic ICG tattooing can be used to define the early colorectal cancer that cannot be easily distinguished through the serosal surface. The lymphatic pathways can be visualized under the NIR system when ICG is injected through the submucosal or subserosal layer around the tumor. Intraoperative ICG angiography can be applied to find a favorable perfusion segment before the colon transection. Although all fluorescence functions are considered essential steps in image-guided surgery, it is difficult to perform multifunctional ICG applications in a single surgical procedure at once because complex protocols could interfere with each other. Therefore, we review the multifunctional ICG applications for fluorescent tumor localization, FLNM, and ICG angiography. We also discuss the optimal protocol for fluorescence-guided colorectal surgery.

PURPOSE: Burns are an important cause of injury to young children. The aim of this study was to investigate epidemiology in preschooler's burns. METHODS: A retrospective study was reviewed age, sex, burn surface area, and burn type in preschool children underwent burn surgery. Children were classified into three age groups: infant group (<1 years), toddler group (1~3 years), and early childhood group (4~7 years). RESULTS: Over the 3 year period a total of 2041 burned preschoolers received burn surgery. The mean age was 2.3+/-1.7 years old. Boys accounted for 55.4% of the cases. Scalding was the most common cause (56.8%), followed by contact (31.7%). Averaged burn size was 2.6+/-4.2%. Toddler group was most affected by burns (60.1%). The incidences of severe burns (> or =10% of the body surface area) in groups of infant, toddler, and early childhood were 7.9%, 5.6%, and 4.7%, and the mean burn size were 18.7+/-1.7% (P=0.003 vs. toddler group), 13.7+/-0.4%, and 17.7+/-2.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The major etiology in preschool children' burns was scalding. Toddler was most affected age group. In severe burns, infant group showed larger burn size than toddler group.
Burn Units ; Burns ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Hepatitis* ; Myocarditis* ; Pancytopenia* ; Q Fever*

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a plasma cell tumor located outside of the bone marrow. It most often occurs in the upper respiratory tract (85%), as well as the head and neck, and very rarely occurs in the retroperitoneum. Here we report the case of a 57-year-old woman with retroperitoneal EMP.
Bone Marrow ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neck ; Plasmacytoma* ; Respiratory System ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis ; Retroperitoneal Space

PURPOSE: Ascorbic acid is a potent antioxidant capable of scavenging oxygen free radicals. We investigated the effect of ascorbic acid on initial management of a major burn. METHODS: A total of twenty two patients with extent of burn injury greater than 30% of the body surface area (BSA) were enrolled. Early fluid resuscitation was performed with Parkland formula (<40% BSA) and modified hypertonic formula (> or =40% BSA). In ascorbic acid group, ascorbic acid was continuously infused at a dose of 30 mg/kg/h during first 24 hours of fluid resuscitation. Target urine output was 0.5~1 ml/kg/h. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, sex, and BSA among the groups. In the cases of Parkland formula, there was no significant difference in the fluid requirement between control group (4.26+/-1.29 ml/kg/%burn) and ascorbic acid group (3.53+/-0.87 ml/kg/%burn). However, in the cases of modified hypertonic formula, there was significant difference in the fluid requirement between control group (3.31+/-0.95 ml/kg/%burn) and ascorbic acid group (2.34+/-0.35 ml/kg/%burn). CONCLUSION: High-dose ascorbic acid reduces fluid requirement at early fluid resuscitation in severely burned patients managed with modified hypertonic formula.
Ascorbic Acid ; Body Surface Area ; Burns ; Fluid Therapy ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Resuscitation

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: It could be hypothesised that attachments, which provide more retention against vertical and horizontal dislodgement, will be associated with more favorable parameters of oral function. PURPOSE: This study was to provide data of initial retentive force and retention loss of different bar attachment systems recommended for use with maxillary implant overdentures. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 4 implants were placed in the anterior region of edentulous maxilla, five different systems of bar attachment were fabricated as follows: cantilevered Hader bar using clips (Type 1), Hader bar using clips without cantilever (Type 2), Hader bar using clip and ERA attachment orange male (Type 3), Hader bar using clip and ERA attachment white male (Type 4), and Bar using magnets (Type 5). Each samples were placed in the universal testing machine for determination of retentive forces(at initial and after every 200 cycles up to 1,000 cycles). Results and Conclusion 1. Attachment type 1 showed the biggest initial retentive force followed by type 3, type 2, type 4, and lastly type 5( p<0.001). 2. After 1,000 cycles of repeated removals of attachments, significant loss of retentive forces was taken place except for attachment type 5. 3. After 1,000 cycles of repeated removals, the loss of retentive force between type 1 and type 2, which used Hader bar and clip attachments, was greater in type 1 that had wider clip formation. And between type 3 and type 4, which used ERA attachments, the loss of retentive force was greater in type 4 that had white male attached (p<0.001). 4. After 1,000 cycles of repeated removals, attachment type 3 showed the biggest retentive force followed by type 2, type 4, type 1 and lastly type. 5. There was no significant difference between attachment type 3 and 4, and type 4 and 1(p<0.001).
Citrus sinensis ; Denture, Overlay* ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla