No abstract available.
Child* ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Humans

PURPOSE: Tetanus toxoid specific IgG titers were measured in 76 cases on children ranging from neonates to 18 yr old adolescents according to the frequency of DPT vaccination. METHODS: The Enzyquick tetanus Kit was used to measure tetanus toxoid specific IgG titers by the ELISA method. RESULTS: 1) In infants less than 2 months-olg, the mean tetanus toxoid specific IgG titer was 1.07 IU/ml. 2) In infants ranging from 2 months to 12 months of age, the mean was 3.59 IU/ml in 11 infant with primary vaccination, and 2.05 IU/ml in 2 infants with out vaccination. 3) In children ranging from 1 year to 2 years of age, the mean was 3.60 IU/ml in 4 children with booster vaccination, and 1.43 IU/ml in 4 children without bosster vaccination. 4) In children ranging from 2yrs to 4 yrs of age, the mean was 2.60 IU/ml in 11 children with booster vaccination, and 1.03 IU/ml in 5 children without booster vaccination. 5) In children ranging from 4 years to 7 years of age, the mean was 3.64 IU/ml in 7 children with booster vaccination, and 0.76 IU/ml in 5 children without vaccination. 6) In children ranging from 7 years to 11 years of age, the mean was 1.19 IU/ml in 4 children with booster vaccination, 0.44 IU/ml in a ten years old gir 1 without booster vaccination, and 0.93 IU/ml in 3 children whose vaccination history was unknown. 7) In the 11 year old to 18 year old age group, The mean 1.23 IU/ml in 5 children with booster vaccination, and 0.84 IU/ml in 8 children whose vaccination history was unknown. CONCLUSIONS: The antibody titers for tetanus toxoid is adquate to protect tetanus infection, if DPT vaccination is performed as scheduled. But the antibody titers fell rapidly, when the booster vaccination was not performed after primary vaccination. In conclusion, the booster accination after primary vaccination is necessory for the prevention of tetanus infectioin.
Adolescent ; Child* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Tetanus Toxoid* ; Tetanus* ; Vaccination

BACKGROUND: Chest pain is a problem that primary care physicians commonly face and often unnecessary work-up is done because of its clinical importance of cardiac origin. There are various studies on the causative disorders of chest pain, but studies on young adult males are relatively few. Therefore, we conducted this study on the cause of chest pain among young policemen. METHODS: Diagnosis and classification of chest pain were made among 106 policemen who visited the outpatient department of family medicine at the National Police Hospital from March 1, 2002 to June 30, 2002. RESULTS: The causes of chest pain were musculoskeletal (55%), psychogenic (17%), others (15%), gastrointestinal (7%) and respiratory (6%), but none of them were cardiovascular origin. The nature of chest pain were stabbing (41%), sharp (22%), pressing (18%), squeezing (16%) and substernal discomfort (3%). The duration of chest pain were below 10 minutes (37%), 10 minutes to 1 hour (15%), several hours (20%) and several days (28%). The location of chest pain were left chest (61%), right chest (18%), precordial (7%), epigastric (6%), substernal (4%) and others (4%). The frequencies of chest pain were more than once a day (23%), once a week (26%), once a month (11%), once more than 1 month interval (17%) and first attack (23%). The aggravating factors of chest pain were physical strain (25%), coughing (22%), psychologic stress (16%), smoking (10%), weather change (8%), drinking (7%), resting (5%), and overeating (6%). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that unnecessary tests should be avoided and adequate treatment matched to their causes through exact and detailed history taking should be done, because the causes of chest pain among young policemen are mostly non-cardiovascular origin.
Chest Pain* ; Classification ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Drinking ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Outpatients ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Police ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stress, Psychological ; Thorax* ; Weather ; Young Adult

Indocyanine green (ICG) could be applied for multiple functions such as fluorescent tumor localization, fluorescence lymph node mapping (FLNM), and intraoperative angiography in colorectal cancer surgery. With the near-infrared (NIR) systems, colonoscopic ICG tattooing can be used to define the early colorectal cancer that cannot be easily distinguished through the serosal surface. The lymphatic pathways can be visualized under the NIR system when ICG is injected through the submucosal or subserosal layer around the tumor. Intraoperative ICG angiography can be applied to find a favorable perfusion segment before the colon transection. Although all fluorescence functions are considered essential steps in image-guided surgery, it is difficult to perform multifunctional ICG applications in a single surgical procedure at once because complex protocols could interfere with each other. Therefore, we review the multifunctional ICG applications for fluorescent tumor localization, FLNM, and ICG angiography. We also discuss the optimal protocol for fluorescence-guided colorectal surgery.

Indocyanine green (ICG) could be applied for multiple functions such as fluorescent tumor localization, fluorescence lymph node mapping (FLNM), and intraoperative angiography in colorectal cancer surgery. With the near-infrared (NIR) systems, colonoscopic ICG tattooing can be used to define the early colorectal cancer that cannot be easily distinguished through the serosal surface. The lymphatic pathways can be visualized under the NIR system when ICG is injected through the submucosal or subserosal layer around the tumor. Intraoperative ICG angiography can be applied to find a favorable perfusion segment before the colon transection. Although all fluorescence functions are considered essential steps in image-guided surgery, it is difficult to perform multifunctional ICG applications in a single surgical procedure at once because complex protocols could interfere with each other. Therefore, we review the multifunctional ICG applications for fluorescent tumor localization, FLNM, and ICG angiography. We also discuss the optimal protocol for fluorescence-guided colorectal surgery.

No abstract available.
Hepatitis* ; Myocarditis* ; Pancytopenia* ; Q Fever*

PURPOSE: Burns are an important cause of injury to young children. The aim of this study was to investigate epidemiology in preschooler's burns. METHODS: A retrospective study was reviewed age, sex, burn surface area, and burn type in preschool children underwent burn surgery. Children were classified into three age groups: infant group (<1 years), toddler group (1~3 years), and early childhood group (4~7 years). RESULTS: Over the 3 year period a total of 2041 burned preschoolers received burn surgery. The mean age was 2.3+/-1.7 years old. Boys accounted for 55.4% of the cases. Scalding was the most common cause (56.8%), followed by contact (31.7%). Averaged burn size was 2.6+/-4.2%. Toddler group was most affected by burns (60.1%). The incidences of severe burns (> or =10% of the body surface area) in groups of infant, toddler, and early childhood were 7.9%, 5.6%, and 4.7%, and the mean burn size were 18.7+/-1.7% (P=0.003 vs. toddler group), 13.7+/-0.4%, and 17.7+/-2.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The major etiology in preschool children' burns was scalding. Toddler was most affected age group. In severe burns, infant group showed larger burn size than toddler group.
Burn Units ; Burns ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Sevoflurane is a well accepted anesthetic in children but results high incidence of undesirable emergence agitation (EA). We investigated the EA in burn injured children. METHODS: In 219 un-premedicated burn injured children aged 2~8 years, mask induction with sevoflurane was performed. On arriving operating room, modified Yale preoperative anxiety scale (m-YPAS) was checked. In the postanesthesia care unit, EA scale was recorded as follows; EA1 (no EA), EA2 (mild EA) and EA3 (marked EA). RESULTS: The incidence of EA was 50.2%. The m-YPAS was significantly higher in EA2 and EA3 compared to EA1 (P<0.001). Burn surface area was significantly wider in EA3 compared to EA1 (P<0.05). In deep second-degree burned children, the incidence of EA1 was greatest, whereas EA3 was the greatest in third-degree burned children. CONCLUSION: The incidence of EA after sevoflurane anesthesia in burn injured children was higher as the burn surface areas was greater. In addition, the symptoms of EA in third-degree burned children were more severe than in second-degree burned children.
Aged ; Anesthesia ; Anxiety ; Burns ; Child ; Dihydroergotamine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Masks ; Methyl Ethers ; Operating Rooms

PURPOSE: We previously reported that antimicrobial central venous catheter (CVC) reduced catheter colonization in major burn patients. In this study, we investigated whether antimicrobial CVC could reduce catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) in major burn patients. METHODS: Burn patients with over 20% of total body surface area were randomly assigned to undergo catheterization with standard CVC (STD group, n=50) or antimicrobial Vantex(R) CVC (VTX group, n=50). Upon removal of CVC, bacterial cultures for wound, catheter tip, and blood were performed. RESULTS: Colonization rate was significantly decreased in VTX group (42%) compared to STD group (64%) (P<0.05). Colonization rate was higher in the case of the distance between the catheterization and burn wound was less than 10 cm in STD group (P<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in CRBSI rate between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Even though the antimicrobial CVC could reduce the catheter colonization, the CRBSI rate was not reduced by antimicrobial CVC in major burn patients.
Bacteremia ; Body Surface Area ; Burns ; Catheter-Related Infections ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Colon ; Humans ; Rivers ; Sepsis

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a plasma cell tumor located outside of the bone marrow. It most often occurs in the upper respiratory tract (85%), as well as the head and neck, and very rarely occurs in the retroperitoneum. Here we report the case of a 57-year-old woman with retroperitoneal EMP.
Bone Marrow ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neck ; Plasmacytoma* ; Respiratory System ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis ; Retroperitoneal Space