No abstract available.
Child* ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Humans

PURPOSE: Tetanus toxoid specific IgG titers were measured in 76 cases on children ranging from neonates to 18 yr old adolescents according to the frequency of DPT vaccination. METHODS: The Enzyquick tetanus Kit was used to measure tetanus toxoid specific IgG titers by the ELISA method. RESULTS: 1) In infants less than 2 months-olg, the mean tetanus toxoid specific IgG titer was 1.07 IU/ml. 2) In infants ranging from 2 months to 12 months of age, the mean was 3.59 IU/ml in 11 infant with primary vaccination, and 2.05 IU/ml in 2 infants with out vaccination. 3) In children ranging from 1 year to 2 years of age, the mean was 3.60 IU/ml in 4 children with booster vaccination, and 1.43 IU/ml in 4 children without bosster vaccination. 4) In children ranging from 2yrs to 4 yrs of age, the mean was 2.60 IU/ml in 11 children with booster vaccination, and 1.03 IU/ml in 5 children without booster vaccination. 5) In children ranging from 4 years to 7 years of age, the mean was 3.64 IU/ml in 7 children with booster vaccination, and 0.76 IU/ml in 5 children without vaccination. 6) In children ranging from 7 years to 11 years of age, the mean was 1.19 IU/ml in 4 children with booster vaccination, 0.44 IU/ml in a ten years old gir 1 without booster vaccination, and 0.93 IU/ml in 3 children whose vaccination history was unknown. 7) In the 11 year old to 18 year old age group, The mean 1.23 IU/ml in 5 children with booster vaccination, and 0.84 IU/ml in 8 children whose vaccination history was unknown. CONCLUSIONS: The antibody titers for tetanus toxoid is adquate to protect tetanus infection, if DPT vaccination is performed as scheduled. But the antibody titers fell rapidly, when the booster vaccination was not performed after primary vaccination. In conclusion, the booster accination after primary vaccination is necessory for the prevention of tetanus infectioin.
Adolescent ; Child* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Tetanus Toxoid* ; Tetanus* ; Vaccination

BACKGROUND: Chest pain is a problem that primary care physicians commonly face and often unnecessary work-up is done because of its clinical importance of cardiac origin. There are various studies on the causative disorders of chest pain, but studies on young adult males are relatively few. Therefore, we conducted this study on the cause of chest pain among young policemen. METHODS: Diagnosis and classification of chest pain were made among 106 policemen who visited the outpatient department of family medicine at the National Police Hospital from March 1, 2002 to June 30, 2002. RESULTS: The causes of chest pain were musculoskeletal (55%), psychogenic (17%), others (15%), gastrointestinal (7%) and respiratory (6%), but none of them were cardiovascular origin. The nature of chest pain were stabbing (41%), sharp (22%), pressing (18%), squeezing (16%) and substernal discomfort (3%). The duration of chest pain were below 10 minutes (37%), 10 minutes to 1 hour (15%), several hours (20%) and several days (28%). The location of chest pain were left chest (61%), right chest (18%), precordial (7%), epigastric (6%), substernal (4%) and others (4%). The frequencies of chest pain were more than once a day (23%), once a week (26%), once a month (11%), once more than 1 month interval (17%) and first attack (23%). The aggravating factors of chest pain were physical strain (25%), coughing (22%), psychologic stress (16%), smoking (10%), weather change (8%), drinking (7%), resting (5%), and overeating (6%). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that unnecessary tests should be avoided and adequate treatment matched to their causes through exact and detailed history taking should be done, because the causes of chest pain among young policemen are mostly non-cardiovascular origin.
Chest Pain* ; Classification ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Drinking ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Outpatients ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Police ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stress, Psychological ; Thorax* ; Weather ; Young Adult

Indocyanine green (ICG) could be applied for multiple functions such as fluorescent tumor localization, fluorescence lymph node mapping (FLNM), and intraoperative angiography in colorectal cancer surgery. With the near-infrared (NIR) systems, colonoscopic ICG tattooing can be used to define the early colorectal cancer that cannot be easily distinguished through the serosal surface. The lymphatic pathways can be visualized under the NIR system when ICG is injected through the submucosal or subserosal layer around the tumor. Intraoperative ICG angiography can be applied to find a favorable perfusion segment before the colon transection. Although all fluorescence functions are considered essential steps in image-guided surgery, it is difficult to perform multifunctional ICG applications in a single surgical procedure at once because complex protocols could interfere with each other. Therefore, we review the multifunctional ICG applications for fluorescent tumor localization, FLNM, and ICG angiography. We also discuss the optimal protocol for fluorescence-guided colorectal surgery.

Indocyanine green (ICG) could be applied for multiple functions such as fluorescent tumor localization, fluorescence lymph node mapping (FLNM), and intraoperative angiography in colorectal cancer surgery. With the near-infrared (NIR) systems, colonoscopic ICG tattooing can be used to define the early colorectal cancer that cannot be easily distinguished through the serosal surface. The lymphatic pathways can be visualized under the NIR system when ICG is injected through the submucosal or subserosal layer around the tumor. Intraoperative ICG angiography can be applied to find a favorable perfusion segment before the colon transection. Although all fluorescence functions are considered essential steps in image-guided surgery, it is difficult to perform multifunctional ICG applications in a single surgical procedure at once because complex protocols could interfere with each other. Therefore, we review the multifunctional ICG applications for fluorescent tumor localization, FLNM, and ICG angiography. We also discuss the optimal protocol for fluorescence-guided colorectal surgery.

PURPOSE: Burns are an important cause of injury to young children. The aim of this study was to investigate epidemiology in preschooler's burns. METHODS: A retrospective study was reviewed age, sex, burn surface area, and burn type in preschool children underwent burn surgery. Children were classified into three age groups: infant group (<1 years), toddler group (1~3 years), and early childhood group (4~7 years). RESULTS: Over the 3 year period a total of 2041 burned preschoolers received burn surgery. The mean age was 2.3+/-1.7 years old. Boys accounted for 55.4% of the cases. Scalding was the most common cause (56.8%), followed by contact (31.7%). Averaged burn size was 2.6+/-4.2%. Toddler group was most affected by burns (60.1%). The incidences of severe burns (> or =10% of the body surface area) in groups of infant, toddler, and early childhood were 7.9%, 5.6%, and 4.7%, and the mean burn size were 18.7+/-1.7% (P=0.003 vs. toddler group), 13.7+/-0.4%, and 17.7+/-2.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The major etiology in preschool children' burns was scalding. Toddler was most affected age group. In severe burns, infant group showed larger burn size than toddler group.
Burn Units ; Burns ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Hepatitis* ; Myocarditis* ; Pancytopenia* ; Q Fever*

OBJECTIVE: to determine the frequency of the multiple consecutive rib fracture after blunt chest trauma. DESIGN, MATERIALS, AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all the radiographs and medical charts of 87 patients with rib fractures after blunt chest trauma. Rib fractures were divided into single aud multiple. The multiple rib fractures were subclassified as consecutive, interrupted continuous, or random. RESULTS: Thirteen cases of single and 83 cases of multiple rib fractures were present. Among the 83 cases of multiple fractures, there were 73 cases (88%) of consecutive fractures, 5 cases (6%) of interrupted continuous fractures and 5 cases (6%) of random fractures. CONCLUSION: Among the multiple rib fractures consecutive rib fractrues are much more common than noncontiguous rib fractures. We recommend that if one find an apparently nonfractured rib between contiguously fractured upper and lower ribs, one should meticulously search for possible fracture of an apparently normal rib with high-index of suspicion.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Rib Fractures* ; Ribs* ; Thorax*

The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term outcomes of the transanal one-stage pull-through procedure (TOP) in Hirschsprung's disease. Eight patients aged 3 weeks to 8 months with Hirschsprung's disease underwent this procedure. A rectal mucosectomy was performed from just proximal to dentate line to the level of peritoneal reflexion, where muscle layer was incised circumferentially. Rectosigmoid was mobilized out through the anus, and full-thickness frozen biopsy was taken for confirmation of ganglionic cells. After the rectal muscular cuff was divided longitudinally in the posterior aspect, aganglionic bowel was removed and ganglionic colon was anastomozed to the anus. The mean operating time was 161 minutes, and the mean hospital stay after operation was 3.8 days. Five patients had three to four bowel movement per day without other therapy at mean postoperative 39.2 days. Although long-term follow-up will be required, the TOP might be the new alternative surgical procedure for Hirschsprung's disease.
Anal Canal ; Biopsy ; Colon ; Follow-Up Studies ; Ganglion Cysts ; Hirschsprung Disease* ; Humans ; Length of Stay

PURPOSE: In severe burn injured patients, mechanical ventilation therapy (MVT) is often performed. However, little is known about the mortality and clinical outcomes in these patients. METHODS: A retrospective review of burn patients underwent MVT from January 2008 to December 2011 was conducted. The charts of patients were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty hundred forty five patients were managed in the intensive care unit during 4 years and 67 patients were received MVT. Among them, 34 (50.7%) patients were intubated before arrival. Mean age was 47.8 years and mean burn surface area (BSA) was 53.4%. Thirty nine patients were died and mortality was 58.2%. The BSA in dead patients was larger (68.9+/-24.9%) than those patients who lived (31.8+/-18.4%) (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidence of inhalation injury and age between survivors and non-survivors. CONCLUSION: The mortality rate was high in patients underwent MVT. BSA is the most important risk factor of mortality in these patients.
Burns ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inhalation ; Intensive Care Units ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survivors