Sternoclavicular joint posterior dislocations are considered a very uncommon, and type of injury where if esophagus or airway injury occurs behind the clavicle, it poses a high risk to the patient. In addition, if epiphyseal fracture occurs as a result of the sternoclavicular joint posterior dislocation, surgical treatment is often required. However, in the absence of a complete ossification of the clavicle, it is difficult to differentiate between a simple dislocation and epiphyseal fracture-dislocation solely based on simple radiographs or computed tomography scans. In this case report, the authors present a case in which a sternoclavicular joint posterior dislocation was diagnosed in a 14-year-old male athlete. The case report discusses how the posterior dislocation without epiphyseal fracture was diagnosed using an ultrasound and subsequently treated with successful outcomes using manual reduction. The case report presents our findings along with discussion that includes a literature review of relevant research.
Adolescent* ; Athletes ; Clavicle ; Dislocations* ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Male ; Sternoclavicular Joint* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Endometrial Stromal Tumors* ; Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Uterus*

This report describes clinical cases of a palato-gingival groove on a maxillary lateral incisor with associated localized periodontal disease and pulp necrosis. The tooth of the first case was extracted because of severe bone destruction. The palato-gingival groove of the second case was eliminated using a round bur, and the resulting defect was filled with synthetic graft and covered by an absorbable membrane. Both diagnosis and treatment of palato-gingival groove were very difficult and usually extraction of the involved tooth is the treatment of choice, but combined endodontic-periodontic treatment allowed the tooth to be saved.
Dental Pulp Necrosis ; Diagnosis ; Incisor* ; Membranes ; Periodontal Diseases ; Tooth ; Transplants

Traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation combined with scapular fracture in elderly patients is relatively rare. In this case, a patient visited Emergency Room of Dong-A University Hospital for shoulder pain after falling off a ladder. Radiographs demonstrated anterior shoulder dislocation with displaced Ideberg type IIb scapula (glenoid fossa) fracture combined with a large rotator cuff tear on magnetic resonance imaging. We performed arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, but a large fragment in the inferior glenoid was left untreated. At the 1 year follow-up visit, the pain visual analogue scale of the patient was 2, the American Shoulder and Elbow Society score was 88 and the patient had gained nearly full range of motion without any apprehension.
Accidental Falls ; Aged ; Elbow ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rotator Cuff* ; Scapula* ; Shoulder Dislocation* ; Shoulder Pain ; Shoulder* ; Tears*

Kawasaki disease (KD) is recognized as a systemic vasculitis affecting multi-organ with inflammatory changes. The commonest and most serious complication of KD is coronary artery aneurysm, but KD may cause other organic complications beside cardiac problems. Gastrointestinal tract also present complications of KD in which, for example, hepatic dysfunction, pancreatitis, intussusception, colonic obstruction, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and bowel edema are included. Among them, colonal wall edema is left unknown in the incidence, and it has been reported even if rare. In this report, we describe a case of KD with colonal wall edema, occurred in 5-yr-old boy who complained of severe abdominal pain and vomiting.
Abdominal Pain/etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Colonic Diseases/*etiology ; Edema/*etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/*complications

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) revised the standards of care in diabetes patients in 2014. An important component of the revised guidelines is increased consideration of individual patient factors, with patient-specific recommendations about glycemic index/glycemic load, dietary fiber, sucrose, fructose etc. Education of diabetic patients needs to include information about the amount and quality of carbohydrate intake. It can be difficult to understand the factors affecting the quality of carbohydrate intake; therefore, we have to take into these factors into consideration when providing clinical nutrition education and assistance.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Dietary Fiber ; Education ; Fructose ; Humans ; Nutrition Therapy ; Standard of Care ; Sucrose

Dietary management is an important factor in glycemic control among patients with diabetes mellitus. However, the range of food choices in diabetic diets is limited, increasing the amount of effort and time required to prepare meals. Home meal replacement and delivery meal services are a convenient and easy way to obtain meals prepared outside the home. The market is growing rapidly due to the increase in single-person households and the lifestyle change that prioritizes convenience. Therefore, in this paper, we review the recent revised notices from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety related to home meal replacement and delivery meal services, and consider how home meal replacement and delivery meal services will affect blood sugar management in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: The role of medical staff gained immense significance in the context of the prolonged coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.However, few studies had explored the impact of simulation-based education on the ability of nursing students to care for the patients of COVID-19. This study provided nursing students with simulation-based education in caring for the patients of COVID-19 and confirmed its effectiveness. Methods: This study used a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were recruited from the nursing departments of two universities in Korea through convenience sampling. A total of 79 participants were included: 37 in the intervention group and 42 in the control group. The intervention group received four sessions of simulation training based on the National League for Nursing Jeffries simulation theory. Results: The intervention group showed an improvement compared to the control group in terms of knowledge related to coronavirus, confidence in performing infection control skills, and perception of preparedness for caring for the patients of COVID-19, with a high-level of satisfaction and self-confidence in learning. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety. Conclusion This simulation is expected to be a significant strategy for alleviating the global burden in terms of staff safety and patient outcomes by improving the competencies of prospective medical staff in responding to pandemics.

PURPOSE: Tamoxifen has been well known as an effective anti-tumor agent against breast cancer. The important role of bcl-2 and p53 proteins in tamoxifen-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells has been suggested. However, the paradoxical fact that bcl-2 over-expression is assdegrees Ciated with better prognosis in clinic has not yet been clearly explained. To investigate this paradox, we analyzed the effect and dynamics of bcl-2 and p53 on the apoptosis after treatment of breast cancer cells with tamoxifen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MB MDA-468 were treated with 17-betaestradiol (E2) and tamoxifen. RESULTS: Following tamoxifen treatment, MCF-7 cells underwent apoptosis accompanied by reduced bcl-2 expression. E2 pre-treatment led to the inhibition of tamoxifen-mediated apoptosis and bcl-2 down-regulation. When MB MDA-468 cells were treated with E2 or tamoxifen, bcl-2 and p53 protein expression did not change and apoptosis did not develop. CONCLUSION: We observed that the down-regulation of bcl-2 by tamoxifen treatment can facilitate the apoptosis of breast cancer cells without p53 mutations. This finding was consistent with clinical experiences in which bcl-2 positive tumors were assdegrees Ciated with more indolent phenotypes in breast cancer.
Apoptosis* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Line* ; Down-Regulation ; Humans* ; MCF-7 Cells ; Phenotype ; Prognosis ; Tamoxifen

PURPOSE: The study was to examine the relationships between stress, ways of coping and burnout among family caregivers of cancer patients. METHODS: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 207 family caregivers of cancer patients at one university hospital and one general hospital in Busan, Korea. The instruments included a Stress Scale, a Ways of Coping Scale and a Burnout Scale. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients with the SPSS WIN 19.0 program. RESULTS: Stress was found to have significant relationships with age, relation to the patient, education, monthly income, degree of care-giving, financial burden and activities of daily living of patient. In active coping, there were significant differences according to education and religion. Passive coping was significantly related to gender. In burnout, there were significant differences according to age, relation to the patient, education, occupational status, monthly income, degree of care-giving, financial burden and activities of daily living of patient. Stress and burnout showed a positive correlation, while there was a negative correlation between burnout and active coping. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that promoting active coping would better support family caregivers of cancer patients in managing burnout effectively.
Activities of Daily Living ; Caregivers ; Employment ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires