BACKGROUND: For the diagnoais of atopic dermatitis(AD) an array of basic and minor clinical features proposed by Hanifin and Rajka were in common use. However, there have been some disputes in the diagnostic significance of minor clinical features of AD due to ethni. differences, variance in definitions, materisls and methods, OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the dignostic significance of total 38 minor clinical features of AD in Korean children. Most of them wefe roposed by some authors in the literature and the remainder by ourselves based on our clinical experienes. METHODS: The frequency of these features was studied in 48 patieni s with typical AD compared to that in 89 control subjects. The age of all studied individuals ranged from 2 to 12 years. RESULTS: Thirteen of these was including xerosis, perifollicular acccntuation, frontal lichenification, anterior neck folds, eyelid eczema, Dennie-Morgan folds, auricular fiss are/eczema, pityriasis alba, vertral wrist eczema, infragluteal eczema, sandpaper-like skin lesion of yelbow/knee/lateral malleolus, white dermographism, and scalp scaling were shown to be of mueh diag nostic significance(P<0,001). CONCLUSION: We propose that above-mentioned 13 monor features may be a valuable guideline for the large scale field survey on the incidence and prevalence of AD in Korea children.
Child ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Dissent and Disputes ; Eczema ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Neck ; Pityriasis ; Prevalence ; Scalp ; Skin ; Wrist

BACKGROUND: Three age-depedent clinical phases(infantile, childhood and adult phase) of atopic dermatitis(AD) were recognized. We think that for t he diagnosis of AD there seems to be some differences in minor clinical features of diagnosic significance according to each phase, yet only a few studies about them. OBJECTIVES: The purprrse of the present study was to evalute the diagnostic significance of total 39 minor clinical features of AD in Korean adolescenc and adult popluation, all but only skin were proposed by our previous study for Korean children. METHODS: The frequeney of 39 minor clinical features wistudied in 82 patients with typical AD compared to that in 109 control subjects. The age all studied individuals ranged from 13 to 42 years. Furthermore, some characteristic micro features of AD in them were compared with those from our previous study for Korean children. RESULTS: Twenty-seven minor features including xerosis, peifolhcular accentuation, frontal lichenification, anterior neck folds, eyelid eczema, Dennie-Mogan folds, auricular fissure/eczema, pityriasis alba, ventiral wrist eczema, infragluteal eczcm, sandpaper-like skin lesions on elbow/knee/lateral malleblus, white dermographism, scalaling, Hertoghes sign, orbital darkening, cheilitis, facial erythema/pallor, hyperlinear paln, ichthyosiform skin lesions, nipple eczema, nummular eczema, pompholyx, itchy hyperker totic lesions of dorsal hands, knuckle dermatitis of hands, hangnail, non-specific hand/foot dermatitis, chronic dermatophytosis were shown to be of much diagnostic signiic, nce(P<0.001). CONCLUSION: We think tiat 13 minor features such as Hert piges sign, cheilitis, facial erythe- mapallor, hyperlinear ichthyosiform skin lesions, ripile eczema, nummular eczema, pompholyx, itchy hyperkpratotic lesions of dorsal hands, kzukle dermatitis of hands, hangnail, non-specific hand/foot dermatitis, chronic dermato h tosis are specific for Korean adolescence and adult population with AD. Taken together, to propose that these 13 minor features be added to a gardeline for the large scale field sirvy on the incidence and prevalence of AD in the Korea adolescence and adult population.
Adolescent* ; Adult* ; Cheilitis ; Child ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Diagnosis ; Eczema ; Eczema, Dyshidrotic ; Eyelids ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Neck ; Nipples ; Orbit ; Pityriasis ; Prevalence ; Skin ; Tinea ; Wrist

Intravital imaging via two-photon microscopy (TPM) is a useful tool for observing and delineating biological events at the cellular and molecular levels in live animals in a time-lapse manner. This imaging method provides spatiotemporal information with minimal phototoxicity while penetrating a considerable depth of intact organs in live animals.Although various organs can be visualized using intravital imaging, in the field of neuroscience, the brain is the main organ whose cell-to-cell interactions are imaged using this technique. Intravital imaging of brain disease in mouse models acts as an abundant source of novel findings for studying cerebral etiology. Neutrophil infiltration is a wellknown hallmark of inflammation; in particular, the crucial impact of neutrophils on the inflamed brain has frequently been reported in literature. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have drawn attention as an intriguing feature over the last couple of decades, opening a new era of research on their underlying mechanisms and biological effects.However, the actual role of NETs in the body is still controversial and is in parallel with a poor understanding of NETs in vivo. Although several experimental methods have been used to determine NET generation in vitro, some research groups have applied intravital imaging to detect NET formation in the inflamed organs of live mice. In this review, we summarize the advantages of intravital imaging via TPM that can also be used to characterize NET formation, especially in inflamed brains triggered by systemic inflammation. To study the function and migratory pattern of neutrophils, which is critical in triggering the innate immune response in the brain, intravital imaging via TPM can provide new perspectives to understand inflammation and the resolution process.

No abstract available.
Spinal Cord Compression* ; Spinal Cord* ; Thymoma*

No abstract available
Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Eczema* ; Humans ; Nipples*

We report herein a case of lymphomatoid papulosis showing atypical clinical manifestations. A 54- year-old man had had recurrent erythematous necrotic papules and nodues, numbering more than 200 lesions at the most aggravated time, on the trunk, extremities, buttok, and face for the last twenty years. Recently, he complained of tender swelling on the neck, axillae, and inguinal lymph nodes accompanied by mild fever and gerneral weakness. We had performed thorough examinations including biopsy from the skin lesions, lymph node, and bone marrow to detect some evidences of transforming to malignant lymphoma, but found no evidence of malignant lymphoma except aneuploidy on DNA histogram. The patients showed proinpt response to methotrexate 10-30mg par week wit,hout showing distinct side reactions to the accurvulated dose of 780mg for the last 16 months.
Aneuploidy ; Axilla ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; DNA ; Extremities ; Fever ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphomatoid Papulosis* ; Methotrexate ; Neck ; Skin

PURPOSE: We evaluated one patient with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), using fundus fluorescein angiography (FAG), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) on acute phase of the disease, at 2 weeks after onset and at 10weeks. METHODS: Each diagnostic images were compared with patient's clinical course .OCT measurements of serial retinal thickness were done to assess the change in retinal thickness over the disease process. RESULTS: White dots on fundoscopic examination showed hypofluorescent on ICGA and imaged hyperreflective on OCT without presence of neither subretinal fluid nor neuroretinal increase in thickness. These ICGA and OCT findings suggest that lesions of perfusion defect on ICGA may be caused by interstitial precipitations of inflammatory cells in choriocapillaries and the underlying mechanism is not due to vasculitis with edema or serous exudation. CONCLUSIONS: ICGA and OCT allowed more precise anatomic evaluation than FAG in diagnosis and correlated well with clinical symptoms.
Angiography ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Perfusion ; Retinaldehyde ; Subretinal Fluid ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Vasculitis

BACKGROUND: Cardiac myxomas are rare benign tumors of the heart. Although cardiac myxomas are histologically benign, they may be lethal because of their strategic position. Most cases are sporadic, but rare familial occurrence has been described. PATIENTS AND RESULTS: The left atrial myxoma with cerebral embolism was diagnosed in the 21 year old female and the left atrial myxoma with acromegaly due to pituirary adenoma was subsequently diagnosed in her 19 year old male sibling. The myxoma in the male patient was successfully excised. CONCLUSION: Echocardiography can be used effectively in the diagnosis of atrial myxoma, detection of its possible recurrence, and screening other members of the family.
Acromegaly ; Adenoma ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Intracranial Embolism ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Myxoma* ; Recurrence ; Siblings ; Young Adult

The most commonly involved sinus of fungal infections is maxillary sinus, followed by sphenoid sinus and ethmoid sinus. On the other hand, the frontal sinus is only occasionally affected. Common pathogenic organisms related to fungal sinusitis are species of Aspergillus, dematiaceous fungi or zygomycetes; however, species of candida are rarely reported. In the invasive fungal sinusitis, orbital invasion, invasion and destruction of the skull base with a fungal meningitis, and fungal osteomyelitis with complete destruction of the maxilla have all been reported. Although these occurrences can not be explained, orbital complications have been reported in the noninvasive paranasal sinus mycosis. The treatment of paranasal fungus ball is primarily by surgical removal. In the past, fungus ball of frontal sinus was approached externally; however, this has been largely replaced with the endonasal endoscopic technique. We experienced a case of frontal fungal sinusitis with orbital complication, which was successfully treated by endonasal endoscopic frontal sinusotomy. In this paper, we report this case with a review of literature.
Aspergillus ; Candida ; Ethmoid Sinus ; Frontal Sinus ; Frontal Sinusitis ; Fungi ; Hand ; Maxilla ; Maxillary Sinus ; Meningitis, Fungal ; Orbit* ; Osteomyelitis ; Sinusitis* ; Skull Base ; Sphenoid Sinus

BACKGROUND: Serial (staged) excision of congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) is an important treatment option for medium-sized CMN. However, few studies have investigated the outcomes of serial excision in detail.OBJECTIVE: We report our experience regarding serial excision of CMN, including methods to effectively reduce the procedural stages and scar length.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with CMN treated between 2008 and 2015; 33 patients (7 men and 26 women) underwent serial excision.RESULTS: The CMN were located on the face (n=11), arms (n=6), legs (n=11), and other areas of the body (n=11), including the back (n=2), chest (n=1), deltoid region (n=1), and buttocks (n=1). The mean CMN area was 19.7 cm². The mean number of surgical stages was 2.2. The mean interval between surgeries was 10.6 months. A marginal S-shaped incision along both edges of the nevus was preferred over elliptical excision, to reduce scarring. Pulsed dye, erbium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (YAG), neodymium-doped:YAG, and carbon dioxide fractional lasers were used to improve the final outcomes and minimize scarring.CONCLUSION: Serial excision is an effective treatment option associated with greater patient satisfaction, particularly for medium-sized and hairy CMN. Conventional elliptical serial excision is associated with the formation of elongated scars and sacrifices normal skin adjacent to the lesion. The marginal S-shaped incision reduces scarring by dispersing mechanical tension on the scar without skin wastage. Compared with the elliptical excision method, the marginal S-shaped incision reduces the number of surgical stages and results in a cosmetically superior scar. Performing a marginal S-shaped incision is technically challenging in certain anatomical locations, such as the eyes, nose, and mouth. Therefore, it is necessary to combine this procedure with erbium:YAG and neodymium-doped:YAG ablation.
Arm ; Buttocks ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cicatrix ; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Medical Records ; Methods ; Mouth ; Nevus ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Nose ; Patient Satisfaction ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Thorax